EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE STATE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN RELATION TO THEIR DYNAMICS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Глушко ◽  
Sergey Glushko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Systemic Organization ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
Forest Plants ◽  
Different Levels

The evaluation of forest quality is associated with the identification of the characteristics of their dynamics. Dynamic of forest communities are associated with age-related changes of indigenous forests, reduction processes, as well as forest degradation. A variety of forest forming process refers to different directions of forests development, including sustainable forest restoration, stabilization and degradation. The forest degradation, leading to the destruction of biota, is able to apply to different levels of systemic organization of forests. To assess trends in forest forming process we proposed to use the main indicators of vital strategy of forest plants species.

Effects of age and maternal reactivity on the stress response of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic nervous system in neonatal pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kanitz ◽  
W. Otten ◽  
G. Nürnberg ◽  
K. P. Brüssow
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Acth Stimulation Test ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Acth Challenge ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the adreno cortical capacity after injection of ACTH and the sensitivity of the pituitary and the adrenal to immobilization in neonatal pigs at different ages. Furthermore, the endocrine reactivity of the offspring was compared with the stress reactivity of their mothers. Four piglets were selected from each of six different litters and subjected to an immobilization test and an adrenal function test using synthetic ACTH1-24 at the ages of 7, 21 and 35 days; the six sows were also subjected to restraint and an ACTH stimulation test. Plasma β-endorphin, norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations were measured in blood samples taken 2 min after restraint and cortisol concentrations were measured 60 min after ACTH administration. A highly sensitive adrenal response was demonstrated in both sows and piglets and adrenal reactivity showed also a considerable consistency over time within sows. In neonatal pigs, the cortisol response to ACTH was greatest on day 7 and decreased up to day 35. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels after the 2-min immobilization were also higher at day 7 compared with the other ages (P < 0·01). Piglets from sows, classified as high reacting according to their cortisol or epinephrine response, also showed significantly higher cortisol levels after ACTH challenge at all ages and significantly higher epinephrine levels after restraint at day 7 than piglets from low reacting sows. The results show an age-related change of pituitary-adrenocortical and sympatho-adrenomedullary responses in neonatal pigs and an absence of a stress hyporesponsive period at all ages studied. The results also indicate different levels of excitability in the offspring depending on the maternal stress reactivity.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBERADAAN PAKAN ORANGUTAN DAN INDEKS SHANNON-WIENER PADA AREA REBOISASI ASRI DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Ihsan Fauzi ◽  
Erina Safitri ◽  
Juliansyah Juliansyah ◽  
Farah Diba
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
The Past ◽  
Restoration Site ◽  
A Value ◽  
Primary Forests

Gunung Palung National Park had lost 35% of its primary forests over the past 30 years. A forest restoration program is thus vital to restore the damaged forest ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the presence of orangutan food supply and Shannon-Wiener index at Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) restoration site in Gunung Palung National Park. The method applies a species data collection of orangutan food (in 91 sample plots) and calculation of Shannon-Wiener index (in six 2009's plots). The result depicted approximately 65 species from 25 families found in ASRI restoration site. Eighty percent of those species indicated orangutan food.  In addition, the restoration site is believed to prevent the orangutan conflict with a human due to food availability in restoration areas for orangutans. Analysis of the Shannon-Wiener index (H') demonstrated a value of H' = 2.789, which indicated that the reforestation forest was in stable condition. The effect of increasing biodiversity as characterized by orangutan nests at restoration sites escalates the presence of wildlife.Keywords: Forest Restoration, Gunung Palung National Park, OrangutanTaman Nasional (TN) Gunung Palung telah kehilangan 35% hutan primer selama 30 tahun terakhir. Program reboisasi diperlukan untuk mengembalikan ekosistem hutan yang telah rusak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keberadaan pakan orangutan dan indeks Shannon-Wiener di area reboisasi yang dilakukan oleh Yayasan Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) di kawasan TN Gunung Palung. Metode yang digunakan adalah monitoring terhadap 91 plot untuk identifikasi pakan orangutan dan 6 plot penanaman tahun 2009 untuk perhitungan indeks Shanon-Wiener. Hasilnya terdapat 65 spesies dari 25 suku yang ditemukan di lokasi reboisasi ASRI. Sebanyak 85% dari spesies tersebut adalah pakan orangutan. Selain itu, keberadaan area reboisasi membantu mencegah konflik ini karena orangutan dapat mencari makanan di area reboisasi. Analisis indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’) didapatkan nilai H’ = 2,789, yang menunjukkan hutan hasil reboisasi berada dalam kondisi menengah atau stabil. Efek peningkatan biodiversitas ditandai dengan sarang-sarang orangutan ditemukan di lokasi reboisasi dan keberadaan satwa liar telah meningkat. Kata kunci: Gunung Palung, Orangutan, Restorasi hutan

scholarly journals Forest landscape restoration: state of play

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 201218
Author(s):  
John A. Stanturf ◽  
Stephanie Mansourian
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration

Tree planting has been widely touted as an inexpensive way to meet multiple international environmental goals for mitigating climate change, reversing landscape degradation and restoring biodiversity restoration. The Bonn Challenge and New York Declaration on Forests, motivated by widespread deforestation and forest degradation, call for restoring 350 million ha by 2030 by relying on forest landscape restoration (FLR) processes. Because the 173 million ha commitments made by 63 nations, regions and companies are not legally binding, expectations of what FLR means lacks consensus. The frequent disconnect between top-level aspirations and on-the-ground implementation results in limited data on FLR activities. Additionally, some countries have made landscape-scale restoration outside of the Bonn Challenge. We compared and contrasted the theory and practice of FLR and compiled information from databases of projects and initiatives and case studies. We present the main FLR initiatives happening across regional groups; in many regions, the potential need/opportunity for forest restoration exceeds the FLR activities underway. Multiple objectives can be met by manipulating vegetation (increasing structural complexity, changing species composition and restoring natural disturbances). Livelihood interventions are context-specific but include collecting or raising non-timber forest products, employment and community forests; other interventions address tenure and governance.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE TRAINING PROCESS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL PSYCHOTIC POTENTIAL TO 12–13 YEAR-OLD HANDBALL PLAYERS IN THEIR TEAM-GAME SPECIALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Verejan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Technical Characteristic ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Team Game ◽  
General Training ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Different Levels

This article provides information on the experimental effectiveness of the training process to 12-13 year-old handball players in their formed team-game specialization. Currently, the competition calendar has radically changed, it has become more dense and intense for teams of different levels and ages with high demands on the results of the competition. And this, in turn, creates difficulties in the training process of athletes, allowing an excessive intensification of training sessions, with all the ensuing consequences. We believe that in this situation, in order to improve the sports training of handball players, at the present stage, it is necessary to use other possible reserves, which suggest, against the background of general training processes, the restructuring of the existing ways of organizing game capabilities, including an earlier age-related team-game specialization of athletes, in which their role, as an individual sports and technical characteristic, will be especially effective in competitive manifestations.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the application of educational technologies for sustainable development

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Lyudmila I. Sokolova ◽  
Dmitry S. Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Different Levels

It must be admitted that education is the necessary requirement, and educational technologies are the important tools of implementation for sustainable development. This study is based on a comparative and pedagogical approach. Having used the content analysis method we have considered the data of national reports (2018) from 31 countries on implementing the Strategy of education for sustainable development (ESD) of UNECE (sub-indicator 2.1.3) and defined pedagogical technologies applied at different levels of formal, non-formal and informal education. Besides, the rating of technologies according to the frequency of their usage for 0–8 levels has been made. The revealed differences we explain by age-related psychological features of students and pupils, as well as the national peculiarities of educational systems. Moreover, a brief overview about additional educational technologies and methods that are outside the framework of the current ones (non-formal and informal education in particular) has been prepared. The results of experts’ survey in Russian Federation carried out in 2019 have been introduced. The general evaluation of progress in the field of ESD with the 3-point scale (0.7; in progress) and estimation of indicator 2.1 (0.9; in progress) has been defined. We also characterised the revealed educational-methodical achievements.

scholarly journals Age-Associated Changes in the Spectral and Statistical Parameters of Surface Electromyogram ofTibialis Anterior

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariba Siddiqi ◽  
Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan ◽  
Dinesh Kant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Surface Electromyogram ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Different Levels

Age-related neuromuscular change of Tibialis Anterior (TA) is a leading cause of muscle strength decline among the elderly. This study has established the baseline for age-associated changes in sEMG of TA at different levels of voluntary contraction. We have investigated the use of Gaussianity and maximal power of the power spectral density (PSD) as suitable features to identify age-associated changes in the surface electromyogram (sEMG). Eighteen younger (20–30 years) and 18 older (60–85 years) cohorts completed two trials of isometric dorsiflexion at four different force levels between 10% and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction. Gaussianity and maximal power of the PSD of sEMG were determined. Results show a significant increase in sEMG’s maximal power of the PSD and Gaussianity with increase in force for both cohorts. It was also observed that older cohorts had higher maximal power of the PSD and lower Gaussianity. These age-related differences observed in the PSD and Gaussianity could be due to motor unit remodelling. This can be useful for noninvasive tracking of age-associated neuromuscular changes.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES OF A MODERN ATLAS OF THE AGEING SOCIETY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
S. Bleisch ◽  
D. Hil ◽  
S. Korkut ◽  
P. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Data Representations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Attention To Detail

Atlases are collections of illustrated data, often maps, which give an overview - as well as some details - of one or several topic areas. We noted that this description serves well especially for traditional paper and digital atlases. However, in our today's world of entertainment it might give a somewhat dated impression. For the topic area 'Ageing Society' we aim to visualise age related data in an interactive digital way that supports not only the content but also engages the users, offers opportunities for different stakeholders and levels of interest, and is able to accommodate a range of data as well as future updates. A set of guiding principles for the development process addresses these challenges. First implementations show that following the principles is feasible but expensive in terms of time and attention to detail needed. For each selected topic, a story guides the users through the data and highlights interesting aspects. The user can interrupt the story at any time and explore the data further through interacting with the detailed data representations, and switch back to the story when needed. This allows different levels of access which in combination with the specifically designed navigation concept as well as through the adherence to user aware design principles are very promising for the future developments of the Atlas of the Ageing Society and potentially other atlas products.

Effect of plant-derived smoke water and potassium nitrate on germination of understory boreal forest plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1540-1547
Author(s):  
Dean D. Mackenzie ◽  
M. Anne Naeth
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Forest Plant Species ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides ◽  
Forest Plants ◽  
Smoke Water

This experiment assessed the effects of plant-derived smoke water, potassium nitrate (KNO3), and their combined effect on germination of cold-stratified and non-stratified seed from 18 native boreal forest plant species. Seeds were treated with smoke water diluted to 1:20, 0.1% KNO3, and smoke water + KNO3. Nine species responded positively to smoke water; these responses were dependent on the type of stratification, and three of these species only had a positive response to smoke water + KNO3 solution. Five species responded positively to KNO3 and four of those were associated with smoke water + KNO3 solution. Smoke water induced germination of several species, but only for seeds that had been previously cold-stratified. Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. had the largest increase in germination using smoke water and the most reduced germination using KNO3. The interactions between smoke water, KNO3, and stratified seeds are not well understood. The effects and applications of smoke water and KNO3 (or other nitrogen sources) should be further researched to determine alternative approaches to restoration of disturbed boreal forest ecosystems.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE HERBACEOUS LAYER OVER 20 YEARS OF RESTORATION SUCCESSION IN BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS WITH LIANAS IN THE SOUTH OF PRIMORYE TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.A. Moskalyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
General Description ◽  
The South ◽  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Forming Process

The structure of herbaceous layer in the conditionally-indigenous mixed broad-leaved type of forest with lianas and its change for 1998-2018 are analyzed. Research was carried out at the ecological profile "Gornotayozhniy" (Ussuriysky district, Primorye Territory). A general description of phytocoenoesis is given. Complexes of microgroups of the herbaceous layer, united by the similarity of species composition, life forms and seasonal development, have been identified and characterized. Cartographic schemes of the herbaceous layer with the placement of microgroups at the beginning of research and after 20 years were compiled. It has been established that in the structure of herbaceous layer of forest ecosystems the directions of regular changes caused by the course of the forest-forming process are clearly traced.

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