scholarly journals Big Fish, Big Pond? The Joint Effect of Formal and Informal Core/Periphery Positions on the Generation of Incremental Innovations

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1538-1559
Author(s):  
Massimo Maoret ◽  
Marco Tortoriello ◽  
Daniela Iubatti
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Informal Knowledge ◽  
The Core ◽  
Organizational Unit ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Development Division

In this paper, we apply a core/periphery framework to an intraorganizational context to study the interplay between formal and informal core/periphery structures. Specifically, we consider how core positions occupied by inventors in the corporate research and development division of a large multinational high-tech company affect their ability to generate incremental innovations. We theorize and empirically observe that formal and informal core positions have positive and independent effects on the generation of incremental innovations. These effects have a multiplicative impact on innovative productivity when inventors who are core in the informal knowledge-sharing network are also affiliated with a core organizational unit. We also observe, however, that the positive effect of being located at the core of both the informal and formal structures is negatively moderated by individuals’ distribution of knowledge ties when these reach outside the core of their informal knowledge-sharing network.

Sovereign Wealth Funds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Potential Channels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Large Investment

This chapter examines investments of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) in publicly traded firms, focusing on how these investments impact firms, and the potential channels through which their effects materialize. Using data that includes SWF holdings in 8,000 firms in 58 countries, we find that SWF investments have a positive effect on firm valuations and operating performance. The results are not driven by any particular SWF and are stronger for foreign SWF holdings. Additionally, we find evidence that after a large investment by SWFs, firms have better monitoring, expand their international operations, and are able to raise more capital as a consequence of the SWF investment. In terms of determinants of their holdings, we find that SWFs prefer large and profitable firms that enjoy significant external visibility. Additionally, they tend not to invest heavily in firms in high-tech industries or those operating in areas involving intensive research and development.

Differential Impacts of Functional, Geographical, and Hierarchical Diversity on Knowledge Sharing in the Midst of Organizational Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Full Network

Organizations have been diversifying their workforce to better respond to fast-changing environments. However, research has indicated that the effects of diversity can vary by a number of contextual influences. This study examines the differential impacts of functional, geographical, and hierarchical diversity on expertise awareness, knowledge transfer, and knowledge acquisition during a large-scale organizational change. The analysis of full network data ( N = 211) collected from a multinational high-tech organization demonstrated that (a) geographical diversity was negatively associated with expertise awareness and knowledge sharing, (b) functional diversity was negatively related to expertise awareness, (c) hierarchical diversity had a positive effect on knowledge acquisition and expertise awareness, and (d) emotionally close ties contributed to expertise awareness and knowledge sharing. The findings indicate that hierarchical diversity and emotional closeness can promote knowledge sharing when members face new demands in the midst of organizational change.

Does knowledge structure matter? Key factors influencing formal and informal knowledge sharing in manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peihan Wen ◽  
Ruiquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Knowledge Structure ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informal Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors from four dimensions that have an effect both on formal and informal knowledge sharing (FKS and IKS) and the relationship between knowledge sharing (KS) and task performance in Chinese manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach The structural equation modeling approach was applied to hypothesis testing according to the data collected from employees of manufacturing companies through the online questionnaire. A total of 530 valid responses were obtained. Findings The results indicate that level of knowledge structure, self-efficacy, leadership support and KS culture all have a significant positive effect on both FKS and IKS while trust only positively affects FKS and information technology support positively affects IKS. Both FKS and IKS positively contribute to the task performance of manufacturing companies. Research limitations/implications This study merely considered the impact of six factors on KS from four perspectives. Consequently, the relationship between some important other factors and KS is not revealed. In addition, the results of this study indicate that there might be a more complicated relationship between these factors and KS than the model constructed by this study. Therefore, in future research, more influencing factors could be considered in the research framework, and a multilevel model, such as a model considering the mediation effect, could be further explored. Practical implications According to the results, both FKS and IKS play a significant role in promoting organizational task performance, which is worthy of attention by the managers of manufacturing companies. In addition, the relationship between the different factors and the FKS and IKS found in this study provides specific guidance for improving the organizational KS practice. Originality/value First, previous studies considered the construction of explicit KS and tacit KS models based on the content of KS while this study considered FKS and IKS from the perspective of the process and approach of KS. Second, this research has clearly defined the level of knowledge structure from the perspective of knowledge ontology and verifies the positive effect of this factor on KS, providing a new theoretical perspective for exploring KS factors.

scholarly journals RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY FACTORS IN THE GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS (STUDY IN THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING, MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS OF INDONESIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Saimroh Saimroh
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Research Competence ◽  
Academic Qualification ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
And Training

The Productivity of Indonesian researchers is still considered low at the international level. The researcher productivity is measured through the amount of scientific papers published. This study aimed to prove some factors affecting the research productivity. Specifically, this study aimed to empirically examine the effect of researcher characteristics, subjective well-being, knowledge sharing, and research competence on research productivity.With stratified proportional random sampling technique we obtained a sample of 100 researchers in Office of Research and Development and Training scattered in central and local units. Data were collected using questionnaires to measure research productivity, subjective well-being, knowledge sharing, and research competence. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentiallly. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and path analysis which were processed with SPSS 16 and LISREL 8.80 (Student) for the inferential analysis. The results of ANOVA concluded that the productivity did not differ significantly by gender. However there were significant differences in the research productivity based on the academic qualification and the functional job of researchers. The results of path analysis concluded that subjective well-being and research competence had direct positive effect on the research productivity, knowledge sharing had direct negative impact on the research productivity but knowledge sharing had indirect positive effect through the research competence on the research productivity. Research compentence contributes the highest effect on the research productivity. From this study we recommend that the institution need to improve the research competence on quantitative research method with regard to statistical tools to collect, process, and analyze the research data.

Applications and Development of Nanotechnology in Machinery Industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 121-122 ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zhang Feng ◽  
Ai Min Liu ◽  
Jun Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
High Tech ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Ultra Fine Grinding ◽  
Grinding Machine

Nanotechnology has become a comprehensive high-tech subject, and will be the core in the next technological revolution times. With the flourishing development of nanotechnology, it is clear that its research and development have become the hot spot these days for the international scientific community and the engineering community. In this paper, content and development of nanotechnology are discussed in details, as well as the analysis of its application in the field of micro-mechanical, non-friction micro-nano-bearings, the new metal-ceramic nano-tools, nano-magnetic fluid sealed in the ultra-fine grinding machine, etc. And looks forward to applying the nanotechnology in our country.

SHELL MATERIAL'S PERFORMANCE OF THE MICROCAPSULE FOR ELECTROLYTIC CO-DEPOSITION

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 3124-3130 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUI CONG LIU ◽  
XIU QING XU ◽  
WEI PING LI ◽  
YAN HONG GUO ◽  
LI-QUN ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coating ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Shell Material ◽  
The Core ◽  
Surface Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Effect

The shell material of microcapsules has an important effect on the electrolytic co-deposition behavior, the release of core material and the surface performance of composite coating. This paper discussed the tensile property and the stability of three shell materials including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin and methyl cellulose (MC). It is found that these three shell materials have good mechanical strength and flexibility which are favorable to electrolytic co-deposition and stability of microcapsules in composite coating and that MC has well permeability and porosity which has a positive effect on the release of the core material in composite coating. Moreover, the study of the thermal properties and water vapor permeability of the three shell materials showed that their permeability improved with increase of temperature and humidity. In addition, the composite copper coating containing microcapsules with PVA, gelatin or MC as shell material was prepared respectively.

Analisis Pengaruh Islamicity Performance Index Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Siva Nabilla ◽  
Rizal Pahlevi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to determine the effect of the Islamicity Performance Index on the Profitabilityof Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2014-2018. Research variables consist of Return OnAsset (ROA), Profit Sharing Ratio (PSR), Zakat Performance Ratio (ZPR), and Islamic Income Ratiovs Non-Islamic Income Ratio (IsIR). The population of this research is all Islamic commercial banksin Indonesia. This research uses the purposive sampling method. The sample used in this study were9 Islamic Commercial Banks that meet the required criteria. The analysis method used is multipleregression. The results of this study indicate that according to the T-test (partially) the results are thePSR variable has a positive effect, the ZPR variable has a positive effect and the IsIR variable hasno and insignificant effect on the Return On Asset (ROA) of Islamic Commercial Banks. So it can beconcluded from the three variables tested, the PSR variable and the ZPR variable are variables thathave a positive effect in this study. Meanwhile, according to the F test (simultaneously), the results arethe variable Profit Sharing Ratio (PSR), Zakat Performance Ratio (ZPR), and Islamic Income Ratio vsNon-Islamic Income Ratio (IsIR) have a joint effect on Return On Assets (ROA). ) Sharia CommercialBank.

BRICS Countries Possible Areas for Scientific Cooperation

2015 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
A Share

The article evaluates science sectors and effectiveness of scientific research in the countries forming the BRICS group, as well as the current state of scientific and technological cooperation among the group members. The science sectors of the countries under consideration differ markedly, while facing similar problems relating to government regulations and external environments. The differences exist in total expenditures on research and development (as a share of GNP), in the scope of governmental funding (large in Russia and India, but small in China), and in the distribution of allocations among various areas and types of R&D activities. China appears to have the most well-adjusted science sector among the BRICS members. It includes not only strong universities but also high-tech companies that invest actively into research and development. The overall impact (inferred from citation indexes) of fundamental and exploratory research performed in BRICS countries remains low. BRICS's scientists prefer to collaborate with their colleagues from the world-leading countries rather than with their fellows from BRICS. Yet, in contrast to the world trend, in all BRICS countries, except Russia, a share of internationally co-authored publications is now decreasing. BRICS members have more similar interests and priorities in technological development, including infrastructural and large technological projects, than in science. Currently, bilateral cooperation in technology prevails, while the projects involving all members of the group still remain at the stage of preliminary evaluation and discussion. Russia cooperates most closely with China and India, including joint projects in such high-priority directions as new materials, photonics, biomedical, space and information technologies. For Russia, cooperation in technological development appears to be of most interest because it can lead not only to introduction of new technologies but also help to create large Russian innovative companies. Development of successful multilateral cooperation in science and technology among the BRICS members is the key for this group, originally formed for geopolitical reasons, to evolve into an effective economic union.

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