Short-term joint effects of multiple air pollutants on cardio-respiratory disease hospital admissions in Cape Town, 2011 – 2016

Background/Aim: In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM10, NO2, and SO2 up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season. Results: The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM10, NO2, and SO2 at lag 0–1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5–3.2%), 2.3% (0.6–4%), and 1.1% (−0.2–2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6–3.5%), 1% (−0.8–2.8%), and −0.3% (−1.6–1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m3 for PM10, 7.3 µg/m3 for NO2, and 3.6 µg/m3 for SO2. The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM10 and NO2 for children were 2% (0.2–3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7–5.6%), respectively. Conclusion: We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM10 and NO2 concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.

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Estimating health burden and economic loss attributable to short-term exposure to multiple air pollutants in China

10.21203/rs.2.16144/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Minghong Yao ◽

Gonghua Wu ◽

Xing Zhao ◽

Juying Zhang

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Limited Information ◽

Short Term ◽

Health Burden ◽

Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background Existing studies focused on the evaluation of health burden of long-term exposure to air pollutants, whereas limited information is available on short-term exposure, particularly in China.Methods Air pollutants concentrations in 338 Chinese cities in 2017 were used to estimate the air pollutants related health burden which was defined as premature mortalities from all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory disease as well as hospital admissions (HAs) for cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Log-linear model was used as the exposure-response function to estimate the health burden attributable to each air pollutant. The value of statistical life and cost of illness methods were used to estimate economic loss of the premature mortalities and HAs, respectively.Results The national all-cause premature mortalities attributable to all air pollutants was 1.35 million, accounting for 17.2% of reported deaths in China in 2017. Among all-cause premature mortality, contributions of PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 were 16.3%, 9.6%, 28.9%, 22.2% and 23.0%, respectively. The national cardiovascular and respiratory premature mortalities were 0.78 and 0.21 million, respectively. About 6.79 million cardiovascular and respiratory disease HAs were attributed to short-term exposure to PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3. The economic loss of the overall health burden was 2057.66 billion Yuan, which was equivalent to 2.5% of the national GDP in 2017.Conclusions The health burden and economic loss attributable to short-term exposure to ambient air pollutant are substantial in China. It suggested that the adverse health effects attributable to short-term exposure to air pollutant should not be neglected in China.

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Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospitalization for Respiratory Disease in Taiyuan, China: A Time-Series Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15102160 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2160 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lisha Luo ◽

Yunquan Zhang ◽

Junfeng Jiang ◽

Hanghang Luan ◽

Chuanhua Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Time Series ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Short Term ◽

Ambient Air Pollutants ◽

Short Term Effects

In this study, we estimated the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalization in Taiyuan, China. Daily data of respiratory disease hospitalization, daily concentration of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2017 in Taiyuan were included in our study. We conducted a time-series study design and applied a generalized additive model to evaluate the association between every 10-μg/m3 increment of air pollutants and percent increase of respiratory disease hospitalization. A total of 127,565 respiratory disease hospitalization cases were included in this study during the present period. In single-pollutant models, the effect values in multi-day lags were greater than those in single-day lags. PM2.5 at lag02 days, SO2 at lag03 days, PM10 and NO2 at lag05 days were observed to be strongly and significantly associated with respiratory disease hospitalization. No significant association was found between O3 and respiratory disease hospitalization. SO2 and NO2 were still significantly associated with hospitalization after adjusting for PM2.5 or PM10 into two-pollutant models. Females and younger population for respiratory disease were more vulnerable to air pollution than males and older groups. Therefore, some effective measures should be taken to strengthen the management of the ambient air pollutants, especially SO2 and NO2, and to enhance the protection of the high-risk population from air pollutants, thereby reducing the burden of respiratory disease caused by ambient air pollution.

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