Water erosion in the agricultural loess catchment with a periodical water outflow in Wielkopole (Lublin Upland) in the years 2008-2011

Neusiedlersee (in German) / Fertö tó (in Hungarian) is a shallow lake at the Austro-Hungarian border. In the late 1970s, the question arose what to do in order to protect the lake against eutrophication. A preliminary report established the need for point-source control as well as gave first estimates for non-point source inputs. The proposed point-source control was quickly implemented, non-point sources were - among other topics - studied in detail in the period 1982 - 1986. The preliminary work had shown, based on integrated sampling and data from literature, that the aeolic input outweighed the one via water erosion (work was for totP only). In contrast to this, the 1982 - 1986 study showed that (a) water erosion by far dominates over aeolic inputs and (b) the size of nonpoint-source inputs was assessed for the largest catchment area in pronounced detail, whereas additional estimates were undertaken for smaller additional catchment areas. The methods as well as the results are presented in the following. The paper concludes with some remarks on the present management practice of nonpoint-source inputs.

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The study of the process of evolution of the jet under outflow of water from the supercritical state through a thin nozzle

Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics ◽

10.21662/uim2016.1.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 66-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.Kh. Bolotnova ◽

V.A. Korobchinskaya

Keyword(s):

Stationary Process ◽

Supercritical State ◽

System Of Differential Equations ◽

Jet Formation ◽

Cylindrical Coordinates ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Supersonic Regime ◽

Water Outflow ◽

Thin Nozzle ◽

Supercritical Temperature

The dynamics of the water outflow from the initial supercritical state through a thin nozzle is studied. To describe the initial stage of non-stationary process outflow the system of differential equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy in a two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates with axial symmetry is used. The spatial distribution of pressure and velocity of jet formation was received. It was established that a supersonic regime of outflow at supercritical temperature of 650 K is formed, which have a qualitative agreement for the velocity compared with the Bernoulli analytical solution and the experimental data.

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Soil erosion by snow gliding – a first quantification attempt in a subalpine area in Switzerland

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-18-3763-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 3763-3775 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. Meusburger ◽

G. Leitinger ◽

L. Mabit ◽

M. H. Mueller ◽

A. Walter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Land Cover ◽

Sediment Yield ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

The Difference ◽

Snow Gliding

Abstract. Snow processes might be one important driver of soil erosion in Alpine grasslands and thus the unknown variable when erosion modelling is attempted. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of snow gliding as a soil erosion agent for four different land use/land cover types in a subalpine area in Switzerland. We used three different approaches to estimate soil erosion rates: sediment yield measurements in snow glide depositions, the fallout radionuclide 137Cs and modelling with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). RUSLE permits the evaluation of soil loss by water erosion, the 137Cs method integrates soil loss due to all erosion agents involved, and the measurement of snow glide deposition sediment yield can be directly related to snow-glide-induced erosion. Further, cumulative snow glide distance was measured for the sites in the winter of 2009/2010 and modelled for the surrounding area and long-term average winter precipitation (1959–2010) with the spatial snow glide model (SSGM). Measured snow glide distance confirmed the presence of snow gliding and ranged from 2 to 189 cm, with lower values on the north-facing slopes. We observed a reduction of snow glide distance with increasing surface roughness of the vegetation, which is an important information with respect to conservation planning and expected and ongoing land use changes in the Alps. Snow glide erosion estimated from the snow glide depositions was highly variable with values ranging from 0.03 to 22.9 t ha−1 yr−1 in the winter of 2012/2013. For sites affected by snow glide deposition, a mean erosion rate of 8.4 t ha−1 yr−1 was found. The difference in long-term erosion rates determined with RUSLE and 137Cs confirms the constant influence of snow-glide-induced erosion, since a large difference (lower proportion of water erosion compared to total net erosion) was observed for sites with high snow glide rates and vice versa. Moreover, the difference between RUSLE and 137Cs erosion rates was related to the measured snow glide distance (R2 = 0.64; p < 0.005) and to the snow deposition sediment yields (R2 = 0.39; p = 0.13). The SSGM reproduced the relative difference of the measured snow glide values under different land uses and land cover types. The resulting map highlighted the relevance of snow gliding for large parts of the investigated area. Based on these results, we conclude that snow gliding appears to be a crucial and non-negligible process impacting soil erosion patterns and magnitude in subalpine areas with similar topographic and climatic conditions.

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Prioritization of water erosion–prone sub-watersheds using three ensemble methods in Qareaghaj catchment, southern Iran

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13300-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Pourghasemi ◽

Fatemeh Honarmandnejad ◽

Mahrooz Rezaei ◽

Mohammad Hassan Tarazkar ◽

Nitheshnirmal Sadhasivam

Keyword(s):

Ensemble Methods ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Southern Iran

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Preliminary study on quantitative simulation of Danxia landform evolution under the action of tectonic uplift and running water erosion

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/781/2/022001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 781 (2) ◽

pp. 022001

Author(s):

Fujun Liu ◽

Xinmin Li

Keyword(s):

Water Erosion ◽

Tectonic Uplift ◽

Running Water ◽

Landform Evolution ◽

Danxia Landform ◽

Preliminary Study

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Analysis of Ownership Data from Consolidated Land Threatened by Water Erosion in the Vlára Basin, Slovakia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Alexandra Pagáč Mokrá ◽

Jakub Pagáč ◽

Zlatica Muchová ◽

František Petrovič

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Land Consolidation ◽

Land Fragmentation ◽

Erosion Risk ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Soil Loss Equation

Water erosion is a phenomenon that significantly damages agricultural land. The current land fragmentation in Slovakia and the complete ambiguity of who owns it leads to a lack of responsibility to care for the land in its current condition, which could affect its sustainability in the future. The reason so much soil has eroded is obvious when looking at current land management, with large fields, a lack of windbreaks between them, and no barriers to prevent soil runoff. Land consolidation might be the solution. This paper seeks to evaluate redistributed land and, based on modeling by the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method, to assess the degree of soil erosion risk. Ownership data provided information on how many owners and what amount of area to consider, while taking into account new conditions regarding water erosion. The results indicate that 2488 plots of 1607 owners which represent 12% of the model area are still endangered by water erosion, even after the completion of the land consolidation project. The results also presented a way of evaluating the territory and aims to trigger a discussion regarding an unambiguous definition of responsibility in the relationship between owner and user.

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Concrete Strength and Deformation Property under Sea Water Erosion Environment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2554 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 446-449 ◽

pp. 2554-2559 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian Jun Cai ◽

Feng Zhang ◽

Wei Cui ◽

Shou Shan Chen ◽

Pu Lun Liu

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Deformation Property ◽

Sea Water ◽

Dynamic Stiffness ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Strain Curve ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Strength And Deformation ◽

Erosion Environment

In order to effectively assess the concrete strength and deformation property under sea water erosion environment, concrete stress and strain curve was researched with the number of wet and dry cycle of 0 times, 10 times , 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times and 60 times based on the large-scale static and dynamic stiffness servo test set. The stress - strain curves of concrete was tested for the lateral pressure 10.8MPa, 14.4MPa, and 18.8MPa at different dry-wet cycles, The failure modes and superficial cracking characteristics of specimens are reported at different dry-wet cycles. Concrete elastic modulus and compressive strength were researched. Based on concrete mechanical theory , the classic Kufer-Gerstle strength criteria of concrete was used, a large number of test samples of multivariate data were nonlinear regressed, a biaxial concrete strength criterion was established taking into account the stress ratio and the number of dry-wet cycles.

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Influence of Gully Land Consolidation on Phreatic Water Transformation in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region

Water ◽

10.3390/w13040538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 538

Author(s):

Zihao Guo ◽

Jianen Gao ◽

Pengcheng Sun ◽

Shaohui Dou ◽

Juan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Field Application ◽

Land Consolidation ◽

Transformation Rate ◽

Soil Thickness ◽

Phreatic Water ◽

Artificial Rainfall ◽

Outflow Rate ◽

Water Outflow ◽

The Relationship

Gully Land Consolidation (GLC) is a proven method to create farmlands and increase crop yields in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region, China. However, GLC influences phreatic water transformation and might cause the farmlands water disasters, such as salinization and swamping. For exploring the influence of GLC on phreatic water transformation and mitigating disasters, a series of indoor experiments were conducted in the artificial rainfall hall. Then, we simulated the phreatic water transformation patterns under more conditions with HYDRUS-3D. Finally, an engineering demonstration in the field was performed to validate our research. The indoor experiments indicated that GLC could increase phreatic water outflow rate 4.39 times and phreatic water coefficient (PWC) 2.86 times with a considerable delay. After calibration and validation with experimental data, the HYDRUS-3D was used to simulate phreatic water transformation under more soil thickness and rainfall intensities. Accordingly, we summarized the relationship among PWC, rainfall intensities, and soil thickness, and therefore suggested a blind ditch system to alleviate farmlands disasters. Field application showed that a blind ditch system could avoid disasters with 3.2 times the phreatic water transformation rate compared to loess. Our research provides implications for sustainable land uses and management in the region with thick soil covers.

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