scholarly journals Evaluation of Bispectral Index (BIS) as an Indicator of Central Nervous System Depression in Horses Anesthetized with Propofol

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1465-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto YAMASHITA ◽  
Natsuki AKASHI ◽  
Yumiko KATAYAMA ◽  
Yosuke UCHIDA ◽  
Mohammed A. UMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression

scholarly journals Effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane alone and in combination with butorphanol or medetomidine on the bispectral index in chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Velasco Gallego ◽  
Olga Martin Jurado ◽  
Jean-Michel Hatt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression ◽  
Anaesthetic Depth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Anaesthesia Monitoring

Abstract Background The bispectral index (BIS) is an anaesthesia monitoring technique able to assess the level of central nervous system depression in humans and various animal species. In birds, it has been validated in chickens undergoing isoflurane anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate in an avian species the influence of isoflurane and sevoflurane on BIS, each at different minimum anaesthetic concentrations (MAC) multiples, alone or combined with butorphanol or medetomidine. Ten chickens (5 males and 5 females) underwent general anaesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflurane alone, and combined with either intramuscular administration of butorphanol (1 mg/kg) or medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg), in a prospective and cross-over study (i.e., 6 treatments per animal). BIS measurements were compared to heart rate (HR), non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) and to a visual analogue scale (VAS) of anaesthesia depth. Results HR was significantly increased, and both NIBP and VAS were significantly reduced, with higher gas concentrations. NIBP (but not HR or VAS) was additionally affected by the type of gas, being lower at higher concentrations of sevoflurane. Butorphanol had no additional effect, but medetomidine led to differences in HR, NIBP, and in particular a reduction in VAS. With respect to deeper level of hypnosis at higher concentrations and the absence of difference between gases, BIS measurements correlated with all other measures (except with HR, where no significant relationship was found) The difference in BIS before (BISpre) and after stimulation (BISpost) did not remain constant, but increased with increasing MAC multiples, indicating that the BISpost is not suppressed proportionately to the suppression of the BISpre values due to gas concentration. Furthermore, neither butorphanol nor medetomidine affected the BIS. Conclusions The difference of degree of central nervous system depression monitored by BIS compared with neuromuscular reflexes monitored by VAS, indicate that BIS records a level of anaesthetic depth different from the one deducted from VAS monitoring alone. BIS provided complementary information such as that medetomidine suppressed spinal reflexes without deepening the hypnotic state. As a consequence, it is concluded that BIS improves the assessment of the level of hypnosis in chickens, improving anaesthesia monitoring and anaesthesia quality in this species.

Opioids for Anesthesia and Postoperative Pain Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Cook ◽  
Krystina Geiger ◽  
Megan Barra
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression ◽  
Organ Systems

Opioid agonists are frequently used to provide anesthesia in combination with sedatives and hypnotic agents and manage postoperative acute pain. There are many different opioid agents available that differ in their potency, onset and duration of action, metabolism, drug interactions, and side-effect profile. All opioids have distinct effects upon various organ systems, including central nervous system depression, respiratory depression, and decreased gastrointestinal motility. Fentanyl and fentanyl-derived agents (alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil) are most frequently used in the intraoperative period due to their quick onset and duration of action, allowing them to be easily titrated and discontinued at the completion of a procedure. Oral opioids with moderate durations of action, such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine, are commonly used for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. When oral analgesics cannot be used, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia is another option for pain management. This review contains 5 figures, 11 tables, and 59 references. Key Words: analgesia, anesthesia, central nervous system depression, fentanyl, morphine, opioid agonist, pain management, patient-controlled analgesia, perioperative, respiratory depression

Central nervous system depression from ingestion of nonprescription eyedrops

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Klein-Schwartz ◽  
Richard Gorman ◽  
Gary M. Oderda ◽  
Azam Baig
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression

Flumazenil Counteracts Intrathecal Baclofen-induced Central Nervous System Depression in Tetanus

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. SAISSY ◽  
M. VITRIS ◽  
J. DEMAZIÈRE ◽  
M. SECK ◽  
L. MARCOUX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intrathecal Baclofen ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression

Synthesis and Central Nervous System Depression Properties of 3-[(1′-Pyrazolyl)phenyl]sydnones

1981 ◽  
Vol 314 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shambhuling B. Havanur ◽  
Bharati V. Badami ◽  
Gurubasav S. Puranik
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression

scholarly journals Swift Onset of Central Nervous System Depression and Asystole Followingan Overdose of Guaifenesin

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okic ◽  
T. Johnson ◽  
J. A. Crifasi ◽  
C. Long ◽  
E. K. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression

A Bioassay Model for Testing the Incapacitating Effects of Exposure To Combustion Product Atmospheres Using Cynomolgus Monkeys

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Purser
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Central Nervous System Depression ◽  
Physiological Tests

A bioassay model has been developed to test the time course and degree of in capacitation produced by exposures to thermal decomposition products from polymeric materials. A battery of physiological tests was used during separate exposures to atmospheres of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, hypoxia, hypercapnia and heated air. Each atmosphere was designed to simulate one aspect of the conditions commonly encountered in fires. Measurements were made of the animals' respiration, cardiac function and respiratory blood gases. Neurological function was monitored by measurements of the elec troencephalogram, auditory cortical evoked potentials and peripheral nerve con duction velocity. Hypoxia (10% oxygen) caused muscle weakness, a decrease in nerve conduction velocity, abnormal cardiac function accompanied by a fall in blood pressure and central nervous system depression. At 1000 ppm carbon monoxide, venous carboxyhaemoglobin levels reached 30%. There was a reduc tion of nerve conduction velocity and in some cases severe central nervous system depression. At 60 ppm hydrogen cyanide had a slight depressive effect on the central nervous system, while at 80-150 ppm severe central nervous system depression and incapacitation occurred. The main result of 5% carbon dioxide exposure was a three-fold increase in respiratory minute volume. It is concluded that the model is capable of detecting early physiological signs of in capacitation induced by fire conditions. It is suggested that exposures to a com bination of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide with accompanying changes in cerebral blood flow during attempts to escape from fires may be a cause of col lapse and subsequent death.

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