scholarly journals Atividade antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória do extrato hexânico de "Echinodorus macrophyllus" (Kunth) Micheli em camundongos

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Daniele C. Fernandes ◽  
Bruna P. Martins P. Martins ◽  
David L. F. Medeiros ◽  
Shirley V. M. Santos ◽  
Carlos R. M. Gayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli,Alismataceae, commonly known as “chapéu de couro”, isused in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptiveand anti-inflammatory neurogenic potential and perform thephytochemical analysis of its hexanic extract (HEEm). Materialand methods: The HEEm was obtained by maceration ofdried leaves with hexane (100 g d.w./2 L). Its composition wasdetermined by GC-MS (DB1 column) by comparison of retentionindices in the database and literature. The antinociceptivepotential was evaluated in SW or DBA/1 male mice usingchemical (acetic acid and formalin), thermal (tail immersionand hot plate tests) and topical (xylene) nociception models,all approved by the Ethics Committee (CEA-IBRAG). Results:HEEM presented antinociceptive activity in the model of:acetic acid-induced writhing (52%; 25mg/kg); tail immersion(60 and 90 minutes; 50 mg/kg); hot-plate in 60 minutes (25and 100mg/kg) and 120 minutes (25mg/kg); formalin tests, atthe neurogenic (63.4%, 100mg/kg), and inflammatory (50%;50 and 100mg/kg) phases; and in neurogenic inflammationinduced by xylene (88.3%; 100mg/kg). These activities seem tobe related to the terpene and fatty acid derivatives evidencedby GC-MS. Discussion: HEEm presented antinociceptive, aswell as anti-inflammatory, activity by central and peripheralmechanisms, It consists of terpenic and fatty acid derivatives,described in the literature as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory,and antinociceptives. Conclusions: HEEm showed antinociceptiveactivity in all models, which can be related to thepresence of terpenic and fatty acid derivatives.Keywords: Echinodorus macrophyllus; Nociception;Neurogenic inflammation; Phytochemistry.

scholarly journals Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinyinka O. Alabi ◽  
Abayomi M. Ajayi ◽  
Osarume Omorogbe ◽  
Solomon Umukoro
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of a blended mixture of dried leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava, a traditional analgesic drug polyherbal (TADP) used as a remedy for pain-related conditions. Methods Antinociceptive activity of TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in the hot plate test and acetic acid-induced nociception in mice while the anti-inflammatory was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Levels of nitrite, myeloperoxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde were assayed in carrageenan-induced paw tissue. Results TADP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly prolong the latency time in the hot-plate test. TADP (100–400 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent significant inhibition of the acetic-acid induced abdominal constriction. The antinociceptive activity of TADP in the presence of naloxone and atropine was not reversed whereas yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly reversed it. TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the swelling in the carrageenan-induced oedema model and also produced a reduction in the nitrite and myeloperoxidase level. TADP (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentration and increase glutathione level in the carrageenan-induced rat paw. TADP significantly decrease the number of cellular infiltrates in the histopathological assessment. Conclusion These results indicate that polyherbal product containing blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, hence represents a promising alternative remedy in inflammation-induced pain.

scholarly journals Ficus hispida Bark Extract Prevents Nociception, Inflammation, and CNS Stimulation in Experimental Animal Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sariful Islam Howlader ◽  
Md. Afjalus Siraj ◽  
Shubhra Kanti Dey ◽  
Arpona Hira ◽  
Arif Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Ficus Hispida ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background. Ficus hispida is traditionally used in the ailment of pain, inflammation, and neurological disorders. The present study set out to evaluate the in vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative activity of the ethanol extract of Ficus hispida bark (EFHB). Methods. The antinociceptive activity of EFHB was evaluated by using acetic acid induced writhing, formalin, hot plate, and tail immersion methods in Swiss albino mice. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by using carrageenan and histamine induced rat paw oedema test in Wister rats. The central stimulating activity was studied by using pentobarbital induced hypnosis, hole cross, and open field tests in Swiss albino mice. Results. EFHB demonstrated antinociceptive activity both centrally and peripherally. It showed 62.24% of writhing inhibition. It significantly inhibited licking responses in early (59.29%) and late phase (71.61%). It increased the reaction time to the thermal stimulus in both hot plate and tail immersion. It inhibited the inflammation to the extent of 59.49%. A substantial increase in duration of sleep up to 60.80 min and decrease of locomotion up to 21.70 at 400 mg/kg were also observed. Conclusion. We found significant dose dependent antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties of EFHB in experimental animal models.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Azadirachta Indica (Neem)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash S Mali ◽  
Mahesh B Thorat ◽  
Dhairyasheel M. Ghadge ◽  
Kumodini A. Nikam ◽  
Shraddha Sawant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Tail Immersion

AbstractGraphical abstractBackgroundAzadirachta indica (Neem) is a communal plant of Meliaceae family called Neem Or Kadunimb in Maharashtra, India Neem stated anti-inflammatory through regulation of proinflammatory enzyme activities with COX and LOX enzyme. Previous studies show that Azadirachta Indica (neem) and its chief constituents play essential role in anticancer management via the modulation of different molecular pathways including NF-κB, p53, PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2, pTEN and VEGF. Many parts of the plant are traditionally used in the treatment of various pharmacological action, the analgesic activity of Neem Seed Oil has already reported but Neem Leaves.MethodsThe antinociceptive activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves (AZIL) was examined using heat-induced-mechanical (hot-plate and tail-immersion test) and chemical-induced (acetic acid, formalin, glutamic acid, cinnamaldehyde) nociception models in mice at 50,100, and 200 mg/kg doses. ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathway, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway and involvement of opioid system was also tested using glibenclamide, methylene blue and naloxone/morphine respectively. The methanolic extract of leaves of A.Indica was assessed by using different in vitro antioxidant models of screening like scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical.ResultsAZIL showed antinociceptive activity and antioxidant activity. In both hot plate and tail immersion tests AZIL significantly increases the latency to the thermal stimuli. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract repressed the number of abdominal writhing. Similarly, AZIL produced substantial dose-dependent inhibition of paw licking in both neurogenic and inflammatory pain induced by intraplanar injection of formalin. As well, AZIL also expressively withdrawn cinnamaldehyde-induced pain and the glutamate-induced pain in mice. It was also proved that pretreatment with naloxone significantly reversed the antinociception produced by AZIL in mechanical tests signifying the involvement of opioid system in its effect. Furthermore, administration of methylene blue, enhanced AZIL induced antinociception while glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist, could not converse antinociceptive activity induced by AZIL.ConclusionBased on the results of the present study it can be said that AZIL keeps significant antinociceptive activity which acts in both central and peripheral mechanisms.Ethnopharmacological relevanceAzadiracta Indica having family Melliases is one of the common medicinal plant in United states and south Asia including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. Various parts of the plants used in treatment of many inflammatory conditions, skin diseases, tooth protection, antidiabetic in the form of oil and herbal porridge.

scholarly journals Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkіl)-6- aryl-5H-[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b][1,3,4]tіadiazin derivaties

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ye. Yadlovskyi ◽  
А. Ya. Koval ◽  
N. M. Seredynska ◽  
T. A. Bukhtiarova ◽  
T. A. Bershova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Reference Product ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Carrageenan Edema ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Derivatives Of

The search for new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, exceeding by efficacy and/or safety the existing<br />analogues is very important and relevant. The nitrogenous heterocycles are promising in this respect, in particular,<br />the compounds containing an imidazole triazol and tіadiazin moiety. The aim of the current study was to investigate<br />the antiexudative and antinociceptive activity of new derivatives of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkyl)-6-aryl-5H[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b]<br />[1,3,4]thiadiazine.<br />The antinociceptive and antiexudative activity studies were carried out on the white nonlinear mice. The<br />experimental evaluation of specific activity was carried out on the models “Hot plate”, acetic acid induced writhing<br />(antinociceptive action) and carrageenan edema (antiexudative action). The substance was used in a single oral rout<br />administration in a dose of 25 mg/kg. Ketorolac was used as a reference product in the dose of 25 mg/kg (models<br />“Hot plate”, acetic acid induced writhing). Diclofenac was used as a reference product in the dose of 25 mg/kg on<br />the model carrageenan edema. The experimental study showed the antinociceptive and antiexudative effects of the<br />derivatives. The antinociceptive activity of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkіl)-6-aryl-5H[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b][1,3,4]tіadiazin derivaties<br />related to the modification structure in the para position of benzene ring. The antiexudative activity is associated with<br />acetyl groups thiadiazine ring. The most promising compound IFT_247 showed a significant antinociceptive effect,<br />which is comparable to an active comparator ketorolac: “Hot plate” +232.46 % and +112.71 %; acetic acid induced<br />writhing -66.67 % and -61.02 %, respectively.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF PURIFIED ANTHOCYANIN FROM OSBECKIA ASPERA (L.) BLUME AND OSBECKIA RETICULATA BEDD. USING ANIMAL MODELS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Bosco Lawarence ◽  
Murugan K
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Objective: The objective of the present work is to isolate, purify, and fractionate anthocyanin from selected Osbeckia species and also to compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentiality using animal models.Methods: Methodologies include extraction of anthocyanin from the in vitro callus culture of Osbeckia aspera and Osbeckia reticulata, purification using amberlite column chromatography, and fractionation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analgesic activity was determined by tail immersion method, analgesy meter, hot plate, and acetic acid-induced writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in mice.Results: Anthocyanin-producing callus cultures were established in MS medium fortified with various combinations of phytohormones and sucrose. Optimal callus formation in O. aspera was initiated on cultures containing 0.5 mg/L of 2, 4-D, and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). In O. reticulata callus was initiated in the presence of 1.2 mg/L BA and 1.4 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid. The same hormonal combination on extended treatments turned the white friable callus into red compact callus. Anthocyanins obtained from Osbeckia species were purified and fractionated containing malvidin-3-diglucoside, delphinidin, cyanidin aglycone, and peonidin. Purified anthocyanin of O. aspera at the concentrations 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg after 120 min exhibited significant analgesic activity by tail immersion method, in comparison to O. reticulata. However, with hot plate method, anthocyanin of O. reticulata produced a significant analgesic activity even at lower doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) after 120 min. However, in writhing test, theepurified anthocyanin of O. aspera significantly stopped the number of writhes at a dose of 200 mg/kg and also by the anthocyanin of O. reticulata. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect using plethysmometer, anthocyanin at doses of 100,150 and 200 mg/kg started producing anti-inflammatory effect after 30 min, which lasted until 120 min.Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that the purified anthocyanin of Osbeckia possesses potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Azadirachta Indica (Neem).

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Mali ◽  
Mahesh B Thorat ◽  
Dhairyasheel M. Ghadge ◽  
Kumodini A. Nikam ◽  
Shraddha D. Sawant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Tail Immersion

Background: Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a communal plant of Meliaceae family called Neem Or Kadunimb in Maharashtra, India Neem stated anti-inflammatory through regulation of proinflammatory enzyme activities with COX and LOX enzyme. Previous studies show that Azadirachta Indica (neem) and its chief constituents play an essential role in anticancer management via the modulation of different molecular pathways including NF-&kappa;B, p53, PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2, pTEN, and VEGF. Many parts of the plant are traditionally used in the treatment of various pharmacological action, the analgesic activity of Neem Seed Oil has already reported but Neem Leaves. Methods: The antinociceptive activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves (AZIL) was examined using heat-induced-mechanical (hot-plate and tail-immersion test) and chemical-induced (acetic acid, formalin, glutamic acid, cinnamaldehyde) nociception models in mice at 50,100, and 200 mg/kg doses. ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathway, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway and involvement of the opioid system were also tested using glibenclamide, methylene blue, and naloxone/morphine respectively. The methanolic extract of leaves of A.Indica was assessed by using different in vitro antioxidant models of screening like scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical. Results: AZIL showed antinociceptive activity and antioxidant activity. In both hot plate and tail immersion tests AZIL significantly increases the latency to the thermal stimuli. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract repressed the number of abdominal writhing. Similarly, AZIL produced substantial dose-dependent inhibition of paw licking in both neurogenic and inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of formalin. As well, AZIL also expressively withdrawn cinnamaldehyde-induced pain and the glutamate-induced pain in mice. It was also proved that pretreatment with naloxone significantly reversed the antinociception produced by AZIL in mechanical tests signifying the involvement of the opioid system in its effect. Furthermore, administration of methylene blue, enhanced AZIL induced antinociception while glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist, could not converse antinociceptive activity induced by AZIL. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it can be said that AZIL keeps significant antinociceptive activity which acts in both central and peripheral mechanisms.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Lantana camara L. extract in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S.C. SILVA ◽  
I.B. SUFFREDINI ◽  
E.L. RICCI ◽  
S.R.C. FERNANDES ◽  
V.JR GONÇALVES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT:he Lantana camara L. belongs to the family Verbenaceae, which contains several active compounds in leaves and roots and which are reported to have medicinal and insecticidal properties. Studies of plants within the same family show the existence of anti-inflammatory activity in paw edema induced by carrageenan, serotonin and histamine and analgesic activity in the acetic acid writhing and tail-flick tests. The present study investigated whether the L. camara extract (ACE) also exerts these effects. The ACE toxicity was studied in male mice, and the percentage of mortality recorded 7 days after treatment was assessed. The ACE was evaluated as an antinociceptive agent in the hot plate, tail-flick and acetic acid writhing tests at a nontoxic dose of 1.0 g/Kg. The results showed that 1.5 g/Kg of ACE was not able to cause death, and doses of 3.0 and 4.0 g/Kg caused 50% and 60% death, respectively, in male mice. In all of the antinociceptive tests, 1 g/Kg of ACE markedly reduced responses to pain. Our findings suggest that ACE may have active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties in much smaller doses than toxic.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF PURIFIED ANTHOCYANIN FROM OSBECKIA ASPERA (L.) BLUME AND OSBECKIA RETICULATA BEDD. USING ANIMAL MODELS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bosco Lawarence ◽  
Murugan K
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Objective: The objective of the present work is to isolate, purify, and fractionate anthocyanin from selected Osbeckia species and also to compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentiality using animal models.Methods: Methodologies include extraction of anthocyanin from the in vitro callus culture of Osbeckia aspera and Osbeckia reticulata, purification using amberlite column chromatography, and fractionation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analgesic activity was determined by tail immersion method, analgesy meter, hot plate, and acetic acid-induced writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in mice.Results: Anthocyanin-producing callus cultures were established in MS medium fortified with various combinations of phytohormones and sucrose. Optimal callus formation in O. aspera was initiated on cultures containing 0.5 mg/L of 2, 4-D, and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). In O. reticulata callus was initiated in the presence of 1.2 mg/L BA and 1.4 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid. The same hormonal combination on extended treatments turned the white friable callus into red compact callus. Anthocyanins obtained from Osbeckia species were purified and fractionated containing malvidin-3-diglucoside, delphinidin, cyanidin aglycone, and peonidin. Purified anthocyanin of O. aspera at the concentrations 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg after 120 min exhibited significant analgesic activity by tail immersion method, in comparison to O. reticulata. However, with hot plate method, anthocyanin of O. reticulata produced a significant analgesic activity even at lower doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) after 120 min. However, in writhing test, theepurified anthocyanin of O. aspera significantly stopped the number of writhes at a dose of 200 mg/kg and also by the anthocyanin of O. reticulata. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect using plethysmometer, anthocyanin at doses of 100,150 and 200 mg/kg started producing anti-inflammatory effect after 30 min, which lasted until 120 min.Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that the purified anthocyanin of Osbeckia possesses potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica in vivo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash S Mali ◽  
Mahesh B Thorat ◽  
Dhairysheel M Ghadge ◽  
Kumodini A Nikam ◽  
Shraddha D Sawant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Tail Immersion

Background: Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a communal plant of Meliaceae family called Neem Or Kadunimb in Maharashtra, India Neem stated anti-inflammatory through regulation of proinflammatory enzyme activities with COX and LOX enzyme. Previous studies show that Azadirachta Indica (neem) and its chief constituents play essential role in anticancer management via the modulation of different molecular pathways including NF- κ B, p53, PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2, pTEN and VEGF. Many parts of the plant are traditionally used in the treatment of various pharmacological action, the analgesic activity of Neem Seed Oil has already reported but Neem Leaves. Methods: The antinociceptive activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves (AZIL) was examined using heat-induced-mechanical (hot-plate and tail-immersion test) and chemical-induced (acetic acid, formalin, glutamic acid, cinnamaldehyde) nociception models in mice at 50,100, and 200 mg/kg doses. ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathway, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway and involvement of opioid system was also tested using glibenclamide, methylene blue and naloxone/morphine respectively. The methanolic extract of leaves of A.Indica was assessed by using different in vitro antioxidant models of screening like scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical. Results: AZIL showed antinociceptive activity and antioxidant activity. In both hot plate and tail immersion tests AZIL significantly increases the latency to the thermal stimuli. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract repressed the number of abdominal writhing. Similarly, AZIL produced substantial dose-dependent inhibition of paw licking in both neurogenic and inflammatory pain induced by intraplanar injection of formalin. As well, AZIL also expressively withdrawn cinnamaldehyde-induced pain and the glutamate-induced pain in mice. It was also proved that pretreatment with naloxone significantly reversed the antinociception produced by AZIL in mechanical tests signifying the involvement of opioid system in its effect. Furthermore, administration of methylene blue, enhanced AZIL induced antinociception while glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist, could not converse antinociceptive activity induced by AZIL. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it can be said that AZIL keeps significant antinociceptive activity which acts in both central and peripheral mechanisms.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica in vivo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash S Mali ◽  
Mahesh B Thorat ◽  
Dhairysheel M Ghadge ◽  
Kumodini A Nikam ◽  
Shraddha D Sawant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Tail Immersion

Background: Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a communal plant of Meliaceae family called Neem Or Kadunimb in Maharashtra, India Neem stated anti-inflammatory through regulation of proinflammatory enzyme activities with COX and LOX enzyme. Previous studies show that Azadirachta Indica (neem) and its chief constituents play essential role in anticancer management via the modulation of different molecular pathways including NF- κ B, p53, PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2, pTEN and VEGF. Many parts of the plant are traditionally used in the treatment of various pharmacological action, the analgesic activity of Neem Seed Oil has already reported but Neem Leaves. Methods: The antinociceptive activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves (AZIL) was examined using heat-induced-mechanical (hot-plate and tail-immersion test) and chemical-induced (acetic acid, formalin, glutamic acid, cinnamaldehyde) nociception models in mice at 50,100, and 200 mg/kg doses. ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathway, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway and involvement of opioid system was also tested using glibenclamide, methylene blue and naloxone/morphine respectively. The methanolic extract of leaves of A.Indica was assessed by using different in vitro antioxidant models of screening like scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical. Results: AZIL showed antinociceptive activity and antioxidant activity. In both hot plate and tail immersion tests AZIL significantly increases the latency to the thermal stimuli. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract repressed the number of abdominal writhing. Similarly, AZIL produced substantial dose-dependent inhibition of paw licking in both neurogenic and inflammatory pain induced by intraplanar injection of formalin. As well, AZIL also expressively withdrawn cinnamaldehyde-induced pain and the glutamate-induced pain in mice. It was also proved that pretreatment with naloxone significantly reversed the antinociception produced by AZIL in mechanical tests signifying the involvement of opioid system in its effect. Furthermore, administration of methylene blue, enhanced AZIL induced antinociception while glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist, could not converse antinociceptive activity induced by AZIL. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it can be said that AZIL keeps significant antinociceptive activity which acts in both central and peripheral mechanisms.

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