J123013 Practical examination of qualitative evaluation process on failure analysis and risk assessment; case study of assessment to high pressure food processing equipment

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (0) ◽  
pp. _J123013-1-_J123013-5
Author(s):  
Jumpei FUJII ◽  
Yuichi OTSUKA ◽  
Yoshiharu MUTOH
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Practical Examination

Recent Advances in High Pressure Food Processing Equipment and Equipment Requirements to Meet New Process Needs

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Farkas ◽  
Joseph A. Kapp
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Processing System ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Liquid Food ◽  
Food Treatment ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
High Temperature Short Time

Foods preserved by high pressure processes (HPP) are sold in Japan, the United States, and Europe. HPP technology is used to pasteurize low acid solid and liquid foods such as oysters, hams, and guacamole and to extend refrigerated shelf-life. HPP technology can commercially sterilize liquid and solid acid products such as fruit juices, salsa, and cut tomatoes. Product sales have reached millions of pounds per year. New processes have been developed to sterilize low acid foods using a combination of heat and pressure. Foods at temperatures of 90 to 1000C can be compressed to 600 to 700 MPa for one or more cycles and thus heated uniformly by compression heating in the range of 111 to 121 0C. Decompression brings the product back to its starting temperature for final cooling. This application provides a high-temperature-short-time sterilization process for low acid foods and thus preserves fresh product quality. Commercial HPP foods require rapid cycling of equipment and maximum use of the pressure vessel volume. These requirements have been met in commercial, semi-continuous, liquid food treatment systems. A single 25 liter pressure vessel can cycle 15 times per hour with a three minute product hold at a pressure of 580 MPa. This vessel operating 5000 hours per year can treat over four million pounds of liquid food. Batch equipment designed to cycle over 12 times per hour with a three minute product hold at 680 MPa is under construction. All units manufactured for the HPP treatment of foods use stainless steel contacting parts, potable water as the compression fluid, and are designed to have a safe cycle life of over 100,000 cycles at 580 MPa. Equipment used for the HPP treatment of food must have an up-time in excess of 90% and must be capable of repair and maintenance by food process line technicians. Ease of access and ease of seal and wear part replacement is required. Equipment must meet cleaning and sanitation requirements of the FDA and the USDA if used to treat meat containing products. Pressure chamber volume use in batch systems must be optimized. Even one additional package per cycle at 12 cycles per hour and 5000 hours per year can yield 60,000 additional packages. High cycle rates require automatic package handling systems for loading packages into carriers and for loading and unloading carriers at the pressure vessel. The operation of high pressure food processing equipment must integrate with a specified food packaging and package handling system as it is desirable to have the high pressure processing system as an integral part of the total food processing and packaging system.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENT RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PLANTS OF DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES INCLUDING BANGLADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Syeda Fahria Hoque Mimmi ◽  
Aparna Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Assessment Guidelines ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Clear Description

Genetically Engineered (GE) plants are the demand of time for increased need of food. The regulation system, followed from the development of a GE plant to its release into the environment is categorized into separate stages for maintaining the proper biosafety including Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). ERA identifies potential risks and its impacts through science based evaluation process where it follows a case by case study. All the countries dealing with GE plants follow specific guidelines to conduct a successful ERA. In this study, ERA guidelines of 4 developing and 4 developed countries including Bangladesh were compared in terms of required data and information against ten criteria. Surprisingly, an adequate amount of data and information requirements (e.g. if the intended modification has been achieved or not, growth habit of GE plants, potential adverse effects on the human health etc.) matched between all the countries. However, a few differences of data requirement such as agronomic conventions of non-transformed plants, clear description of experimental procedures followed etc. were also observed in the study. Moreover, the result indicates that only a few countries provide instructions on the quality of the data used for ERA. Thus, if the similarities are recognized in a more framed manner then the approval pathway of GE plants can be shared.

Impact of downward releases on the risk profile in hydrocarbon process plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Fariba Askari ◽  
Colin Crowley ◽  
Hojat Kord
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Consequence Analysis ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
The Cost

Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) calculations for major hazard installations often involve consequence analysis calculations for thousands of events, and therefore, some simplifying assumptions are generally required. The simplifications are usually designed to make the analysis reasonably practicable and reduce the cost of the QRA. Nevertheless, the overall methodology and the applied parameters should be chosen conservatively to cover possible uncertainties. One of the key assumptions in many QRAs is the release direction, which is usually assumed to be horizontal. This is generally assumed to provide a conservative representation of all other possible release directions, which may occur vertically (upward or downward) or at an angle. A sensitivity analysis has been performed and presented in this paper to investigate how different release direction assumptions affect the results of consequence analysis, and eventually, QRA outcomes, i.e. individual and societal risk results. A high-pressure hydrocarbon system is considered as a case study and SNC-Lavalin’s (formerly Atkins) in-house QRA software, ‘RiskTool’, has been used to carry out the QRA modelling. The overall conclusion is that the assumption that all releases are horizontal may lead to a significant underprediction of risks for some types of high-pressure release events. This is because an unimpeded horizontal jet may entrain air, and hence, dilute much more rapidly than a jet that impinges on the ground or nearby obstacles.

The Development and Challenges of Pipeline Failure Analysis in China

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
Qingshan Feng ◽  
Biyuan Shui ◽  
Baoji Li ◽  
Jianbin Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Standard Template ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
The Relationship

According to the failure history and the results of failure analysis, the failure of oil & gas pipeline in China was mainly caused by incorrect operations, manufacturing defects, corrosion and third-party damage. Based on a case of failure analysis, such problems as how to develop a standard template of pipeline failure incident / accident report, how to set a guideline of pipeline failure analysis and further improve the failure database of pipeline were discussed. In addition, the relationship between the prediction/prevention technology and risk assessment was also analyzed. Finally, a brief description about how to carry out the research of pipeline failure prediction/prevention technology and promote its application in China, especially for large-diameter, high-pressure gas pipeline was presented.

scholarly journals Supervision as a Kind of Qualitative Evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Riva ◽  
Nikoleta Ratsika
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
The Face ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

<p><em>The contribution presents a reflection on supervision as one of the possible forms of qualitative evaluation, in the field of work with adult educators. Supervision structures a context where theory and practice, emotions and cognitions, values, representations and fears, anxieties and conflicts can be made to dialogue in continuation. The supervisor continuously offers feedback and interpretations to the educators, thanks to attentive listening and decodes what they express. The constructivist approach to Evaluation, on the one hand, gives full value to the subjectivity of the actors involved in the evaluation process and aims to interpret and understand. So, we can call it hermeneutic evaluation (Perla, 2004). Hermeneutic evaluation sets the problem of finding the meaning of the points of view of the participants. This is where the meeting point with the supervision activity, which consists precisely of a practice guided by a leader who helps the educators to better understand their theoretical frameworks of reference and their basic educational models, lies. Supervision and Evaluation therefore represent two important tools for developing the professionalism of the operators, as shown by the case-study analyzed. The practice of supervision is part of a path of  lifelong learning and education (Oggionni, 2013; Zannini, 2005), which passes through experimentation, evaluation and redesigning, in the face of constant monitoring of the needs and learning of the individual and of the team.</em></p><p> </p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document