scholarly journals Pathological and microbiological impact of a gentamicin-loaded biocomposite following limited or extensive debridement in a porcine model of osteomyelitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-401
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Blirup-Plum ◽  
Thomas Bjarnsholt ◽  
Henrik E. Jensen ◽  
Kasper N. Kragh ◽  
Bent Aalbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Extensive Debridement ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Surrounding Bone

Aims CERAMENT|G is an absorbable gentamicin-loaded biocomposite used as an on-site vehicle of antimicrobials for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sole effect of CERAMENT|G, i.e. without additional systemic antimicrobial therapy, in relation to a limited or extensive debridement of osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model. Methods Osteomyelitis was induced in nine pigs by inoculation of 104 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Staphylococcus aureus into a drill hole in the right tibia. After one week, the pigs were allocated into three groups. Group A (n = 3) received no treatment during the study period (19 days). Groups B (n = 3) and C (n = 3) received limited or extensive debridement seven days postinoculation, respectively, followed by injection of CERAMENT|G into the bone voids. The pigs were euthanized ten (Group C) and 12 (Group B) days after the intervention. Results All animals presented confirmatory signs of bone infection post-mortem. The estimated amount of inflammation was substantially greater in Groups A and B compared to Group C. In both Groups B and C, peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) of CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue revealed bacteria embedded in an opaque matrix, i.e. within biofilm. In addition, in Group C, the maximal measured post-mortem gentamicin concentrations in CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue samples were 16.6 μg/ml and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that CERAMENT|G cannot be used as a standalone alternative to extensive debridement or be used without the addition of systemic antimicrobials. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):394–401.

DeVega versus ring annuloplasty in severe functional tricuspid insufficiency and their impact on the right ventricle

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Yasser Hamdy ◽  
Mohammed Mahmoud Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Elminshawy
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Tricuspid Valve Repair ◽  
Ring Annuloplasty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Background: Functional tricuspid valve regurgitation secondary to left-sided valve disease is common. DeVega repair is simple, but residual regurgitation with subsequent impairment of the right ventricular function is a concern. This study aims to compare tricuspid valve repair using DeVega vs. ring annuloplasty and their impact on the right ventricle in the early postoperative period and after six months. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 51 patients with rheumatic heart disease who underwent tricuspid valve repair for secondary severe tricuspid regurgitation. Patients were divided into two groups: group A; DeVega repair (n=34) and group B; ring annuloplasty repair (n=17). Patients were assessed clinically and by echocardiography before discharge and after six months for the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular diameter and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Results: Preoperative echocardiographic assessment showed no difference in left ventricular end-systolic diameter, end-diastolic diameter, ejection fraction and right ventricular diameter, however; group A had significantly better preoperative right ventricular function measured by TAPSE (1.96 ± 0.27 vs1.75 ± 0.31 cm; p=0.02). Group B had significantly longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (127.65 ± 13.56 vs. 111.74 ± 18.74 minutes; p= 0.003) and ischemic time (99.06 ± 11.80 vs. 87.15 ± 16.01 minutes; p= 0.009). Pre-discharge, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, but the right ventricular diameter was significantly lower in group B (2.66 ± 0.41 and 2.40 ± 0.48 cm; p=0.049). After six months of follow up, the degree of tricuspid regurgitation (p= 0.029) and the right ventricular diameter were significantly lower in the ring annuloplasty group (2.56 ± 0.39 and 2.29 ± 0.44 cm; p=0.029). Although there was a statistically significant difference in preoperative TAPSE, this difference disappeared after six months. Conclusion: Both DeVega and ring annuloplasty techniques were effective in the early postoperative period, ring annuloplasty was associated with lesser residual regurgitation and better right ventricular remodeling in severe functional tricuspid regurgitation than DeVega procedure after 6-months of follow up.

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

Histopathologic lesions in conventional pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.-L. Austin-Busse ◽  
A. Ladinig ◽  
G. Balka ◽  
S. Zoels ◽  
M. Ritzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pathologic Lesions ◽  
Group B ◽  
Kidney Lesions ◽  
Challenge Group

Summary Objective: In the present study various tissues of pigs were investigated for the presence of histopathologic lesions after an experimental infection with Haemophilus (H.) parasuis serovar 5. Material and methods: Conventional pigs (n = 36) were divided into a control group B (n = 9) and a challenge group A (n = 27), which was infected intratracheally. Pigs that did not die prior to study termination were euthanized on day 14 post inoculation. Postmortem samples of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, left tarsal joint capsule and brain were collected. Results: All but one pig with detectable histopathologic lesions (n = 11) showed typical macroscopic changes. Histopatho logic examination of all tissue samples identified pyelitis (n = 10), synovitis (n = 7) and meningitis (n = 7) and all those animals were euthanized prior to study termination. No histopathologic lesions were found in pigs of the control group. The correlations between pyelitis and meningitis, pyelitis and synovitis and synovitis and meningitis were significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation could be observed between the histopathologic and the clinical examination of the joints. The investigation of samples from the joints by PCR was not significantly correlated with the observed synovitis. The clinical observation of neurologic signs was significantly correlated with meningitis (p = 0.03). A significant correlation (p < 0.001) could be detected between meningitis and the detection of H. parasuis by PCR in brain samples. Conclusions: H. parasuis constantly causes clinical signs and pathologic lesions as soon as it infects the brain while it can infect the joints without causing histopathologic lesions. Pigs with histopathologic lesions do not always show typical clinical signs. Only few studies described the finding of kidney lesions in pigs with Glässer’s disease and this is the first study to describe a pyelitis in pigs experimentally infected with H. parasuis. The observed pyelitis mainly occurred in acute cases.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Bioartificial Bone Tissue Poly-L-lactic Acid/Polycaprolactone and PLLA Scaffolds Applied in Bone Regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizong Weng ◽  
Shaojun Song ◽  
Liehu Cao ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Yuanqi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group A ◽  
Repair Bone Defect ◽  
Group B ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

Bioartificial bone tissue engineering is an increasingly popular technique to repair bone defect caused by injury or disease. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of PLLA/PCL (poly-L-lactic acid/polycaprolactone) by a comparison study of PLLA/PCL and PLLA scaffolds applied in bone regeneration. Thirty healthy mature New Zealand rabbits on which 15 mm distal ulna defect model had been established were selected and then were divided into three groups randomly: group A (repaired with PLLA scaffold), group B (repaired with PLLA/PCL scaffold), and group C (no scaffold) to evaluate the bone-remodeling ability of the implants. Micro-CT examination revealed the prime bone regeneration ability of group B in three groups. Bone mineral density of surgical site in group B was higher than group A but lower than group C. Meanwhile, the bone regeneration in both groups A and B proceeded with signs of inflammation for the initial fast degradation of scaffolds. As a whole, PLLA/PCL scaffoldsin vivoinitially degrade fast and were better suited to repair bone defect than PLLA in New Zealand rabbits. Furthermore, for the low mineral density of new bone and rapid degradation of the scaffolds, more researches were necessary to optimize the composite for bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Prolonged Sinus Pauses upon Termination of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Abnormal Right Atrial Electrophysiologic and Electroanatomic Findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyu Bao ◽  
Hongwu Chen ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
Michael Shehata ◽  
Weizhu Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Activation Times ◽  
The Right

The efficacy of pulmonary vein antral isolation for patients with prolonged sinus pauses (PSP) on termination of atrial fibrillation has been reported. We studied the right atrial (RA) electrophysiologic and electroanatomic characteristics in such patients. Forty patients underwent electroanatomic mapping of the RA: 13 had PSP (group A), 13 had no PSP (group B), and 14 had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (control group C). Group A had longer P-wave durations in lead II than did groups B and C (115.5 ± 15.4 vs 99.5 ± 10.9 vs 96.5 ± 10.4 ms; P=0.001), and RA activation times (106.8 ± 13.8 vs 99 ± 8.7 vs 94.5 ± 9.1 s; P=0.02). Group A's PP intervals were longer during adenosine triphosphate testing before ablation (4.6 ± 2.3 vs 1.7 ± 0.6 vs 1.5 ± 1 s; P &lt;0.001) and after ablation (4.7 ± 2.5 vs 2.2 ± 1.4 vs 1.6 ± 0.8 s; P &lt;0.001), and group A had more complex electrograms (11.4% ± 5.4% vs 9.3% ± 1.6% vs 5.8% ± 1.6%; P &lt;0.001). Compared with group C, group A had significantly longer corrected sinus node recovery times at a 400-ms pacing cycle length after ablation, larger RA volumes (100.1 ± 23.1 vs 83 ± 22.1 mL; P=0.04), and lower conduction velocities in the high posterior (0.87 ± 0.13 vs 1.02 ± 0.21 mm/ms; P=0.02) and high lateral RA (0.89 ± 0.2 vs 1.1 ± 0.35 mm/ms; P=0.04). We found that patients with PSP upon termination of atrial fibrillation have RA electrophysiologic and electroanatomic abnormalities that warrant post-ablation monitoring.

A stabilization period of 5 minutes is adequate when measuring pulmonary artery pressures after turning

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Shinners ◽  
MO Pease
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stabilization Period

OBJECTIVE: To compare hemodynamic measurements made before turning and at 5 and 30 minutes after turning, and to determine whether the stabilization period affects the difference between supine and side-lying pulmonary artery pressures. METHODS: This study was performed in the cardiothoracic surgical intensive care unit of a midwestern university hospital. The 31 postoperative open-heart surgical patients, 26 men and 5 women aged 41 to 76 years (64 +/- 9.3, mean +/- SD) with pulmonary artery catheters in place, were divided into two groups to compare supine to side-lying pressures and the time intervals between the position changes. The supine-first subjects (Group A) were placed in the supine position for baseline measurements and turned to either the right or left side-lying position for the 5- and 30-minute pulmonary artery pressure measurements. The side-first subjects (Group B) were placed in either the right or left side-lying position for baseline measurements and then in the supine position for the 5- and 30-minute pulmonary artery pressure measurements. RESULTS: Pulmonary artery pressures, heart rate and arterial pressure were not significantly different at 5 and 30 minutes. Supine pulmonary artery pressures in Group A were not significantly different from supine pressures in Group B. Side-lying pulmonary artery pressures in Group A were not significantly different from side-lying pressures in Group B. Side-lying vs supine pulmonary artery pressures were significantly different in both Group A and Group B. CONCLUSION: The current practice of turning and settling the patient, zeroing the transducer and proceeding to make the pulmonary artery pressure readings appears to be valid. The stabilization period after turning does not explain the differences found between side-lying and supine pulmonary artery pressures.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of equine cheek teeth and adjacent structures: comparative study of image quality in horses in vivo, post-mortem and frozen-thawed

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Röttiger ◽  
Maren Hellige ◽  
Bernhard Ohnesorge ◽  
Astrid Bienert-Zeit
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ct And Mri

Abstract Background The use of cadavers for radiology research methodologies involving subjective image quality evaluation of anatomical criteria is well-documented. The purpose of this method comparison study was to evaluate the image quality of dental and adjacent structures in computed tomography (CT) and high-field (3 T) magnetic resonance (MR) images in cadaveric heads, based on an objective four-point rating scale. Whilst CT is a well-established technique, MR imaging (MRI) is rarely used for equine dental diagnostics. The use of a grading system in this study allowed an objective assessment of CT and MRI advantages in portraying equine cheek teeth. As imaging is commonly performed with cadaveric or frozen and thawed heads for dental research investigations, the second objective was to quantify the impact of the specimens’ conditions (in vivo, post-mortem, frozen-thawed) on the image quality in CT and MRI. Results The CT and MR images of nine horses, focused on the maxillary premolar 08s and molar 09s, were acquired post-mortem (Group A). Three observers scored the dental and adjacent tissues. Results showed that MR sequences gave an excellent depiction of endo- and periodontal structures, whereas CT produced high-quality images of the hard tooth and bony tissues. Additional CT and MRI was performed in vivo (Group B) and frozen-thawed (Group C) in three of these nine horses to specify the condition of the best specimens for further research. Assessing the impact of the specimens’ conditions on image quality, specific soft tissues of the maxillary 08s and 09s including adjacent structures (pulps, mucosa of the maxillary sinuses, periodontal ligament, soft tissue inside the infraorbital canal) were graded in group B and C and analysed for significant differences within CT and MR modalities in comparison to group A. Results showed that MRI scores in vivo were superior to the post-mortem and frozen-thawed condition. Conclusions On comparing the imaging performance of CT and MRI, both techniques show a huge potential for application in equine dentistry. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical suitability of MRI. For further research investigations it must be considered, that the best MR image quality is provided in live horses.

Electrical Stimulation of Intact or Split Steer or Cow Carcasses

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. McKEITH ◽  
C. G. SMITH ◽  
T. R. DUTSON ◽  
J. W. SAVELL ◽  
R. L. HOSTETLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group D

Fifteen carcasses, 10 from steers and 5 from cows, were used for the present study. Five steer carcasses (group A) were electrically stimulated as intact, unsplit carcasses. The left sides of 5 steer carcasses (group B) and of 5 cow carcasses (group C) were electrically stimulated; the right sides of the same 5 steer carcasses (group D) and of the same 5 cow carcasses (group E) were used as controls and were not electrically stimulated. Electrically stimulated carcasses and sides (groups A and B) had brighter, more youthful colored lean, less “heat-ring” and produced more tender and more palatable rib steaks than did control sides (group D). Electrical stimulation did not (P &gt; .05) affect ultimate pH or sarcomere length in steers or cows. Light and electron micrographs revealed increased (P &lt; .05) structural damage (more severe contracture bands) in steer or cow muscles from electrically stimulated sides than in muscles from control sides; however, structural damage was not (P &gt;.05) increased when intact steer carcasses were electrically stimulated and compared to unstimulated sides. Troponin-T was reduced in SDS gels of muscle from electrically stimulated, as compared to control, sides of cow carcasses (group C versus group E); no differences in percentage of protein subunits were observed between electrically stimulated and control sides of steer carcasses (group B versus group D). Electrical stimulation can be done on intact carcasses or sides of young beef to improve USDA lean maturity and lean color scores, to reduce “heat-ring” incidence and to improve tenderness.

scholarly journals A postmortem study on the weight of the human adrenal glands

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Ara Parven Hosne
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group D

Objective: A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was designed to find out the difference in weight of the right and left adrenal glands of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and to compare with the previous studies. Materials & Methods: The study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2008 to June 2009 and performed on 140 post mortem human adrenal glands collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including group A (11-20 years), group B (21-30 years), group C (31-40 years) & group D (41-60 years) and the weight of the adrenal glands were measured and recorded. Results: There was no difference found in weight in between the right and the left adrenal glands in any age group. For the right adrenal gland, the differences in weight between group A & group B and group A & group D were statistically significant (p<0.05). For the left adrenal gland, the differences in weight between group A & group D and group C & group D were statistically significant (p<0.05). Key words: Adrenal gland; weight of adrenal gland. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6686Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.204-207

scholarly journals A Prospective Randomized Trial to Assess the Antireflux Effect of Antireflux Mucosectomy in the Porcine Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xuan Li ◽  
Weifeng Zhang ◽  
Meihong Chen ◽  
Shuchun Wei ◽  
Xiangyang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background. Both long-term proton pump inhibitor use and surgical fundoplication have potential drawbacks as treatments for chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Our aim was to investigate the potential efficacy of antireflux mucosectomy (ARMS) in porcine and determine the optimal circumference of resection in relation to gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Methods. Nine pigs were allocated into the following 3 groups by computerized randomization: group A: control, group B: 1/3 circumference of the esophagus, and group C: 2/3 circumference of the esophagus. We performed mucosectomy with a crescentic mucosal resection at 3 cm above the GEJ and 1 cm below the GEJ. The animals were kept on a liquid diet for 24 h prior to endoscopy. At 6 weeks, animals underwent esophagoscopy, barium radiography, gastric yield pressure (GYP), and gastric yield volume (GYV) determination. Results. The weight of swines has no significant difference, and all pigs had maintained their weight after the procedure. We both found scar formation at the GEJ in group B and C. Compared with group A and B, group C produced significantly higher GYP (24.23±3.42 mmHg, p=0.004) and significantly smaller GYV (2200.0±238.96 mL, p=0.028) after 6 weeks. Barium radiography showed that the width of the cardia was narrower (13.73±1.19 mm, p=0.032) in group C after 6-week postprocedure. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated the potential antireflux effect of ARMS. We also recommend the 2/3 circumference resection of mucosa at 3 cm distance from the GEJ.

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