scholarly journals Axillary nerve injury associated with glenohumeral dislocation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Avis ◽  
Dominic Power
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Glenohumeral Dislocation

Axillary nerve injury is a well-recognized complication of glenohumeral dislocation. It is often a low-grade injury which progresses to full recovery without intervention. There is, however, a small number of patients who have received a higher-grade injury and are less likely to achieve a functional recovery without surgical exploration and reconstruction. Following a review of the literature and consideration of local practice in a regional peripheral nerve injury unit, an algorithm has been developed to help identification of those patients with more severe nerve injuries. Early identification of patients with high-grade injuries allows rapid referral to peripheral nerve injury centres, allowing specialist observation or intervention at an early stage in their injury, thus aiming to maximize potential for recovery. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:70-77. DOI:10.1302/2058-5241.3.170003.

Electromyographic Biofeedback in Motor Function Recovery After Peripheral Nerve Injury: An Integrative Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Jardim Duarte-Moreira ◽  
Kamyle Villa-Flor Castro ◽  
Cleber Luz-Santos ◽  
José Vicente Pereira Martins ◽  
Katia Nunes Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Electromyographic Biofeedback ◽  
Function Recovery

Neuromas in patients with peripheral nerve injury and amputation - An ongoing study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
N.S. Buch ◽  
E. Qerama ◽  
N.B. Finnerup ◽  
L. Nikolajsen
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Stump Pain ◽  
Number Of Patients

AbstractBackground and aimsInjury to peripheral nerves associated with trauma, amputation, or surgery may lead to the formation of neuromas that can cause severe pain. Unfortunately, neuromas are frequently refractory to medical and surgical treatment. This ongoing study examines whether neuromas are more frequent in patients experiencing pain after peripheral nerve injury or amputation than in patients without pain.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, 80 patients with peripheral nerve injury or amputation will be recruited. Patients will answer pain questionnaires and undergo a clinical examination with quantitative sensory testing performed within the area of spontaneous pain, including areas of brush-evoked allodynia and pinprick hyperalgesia. Neuromas are identified using ultrasound.ResultsPatient inclusion is ongoing. At present, fourteen amputees have participated in the study: nine males and four females, aged 38–77 years. Six patients had no neuromas. Stump pain in this group ranged from 0 to 8 and phantom pain from 0 to 10 on a numerical rating scale, 0–10. Eight patients had neuromas. Stump pain in this group ranged from 0 to 7 and phantom pain from 0 to 8. Further results will be presented at the congress.ConclusionsBecause of a limited number of patients included, it is not yet possible to conclude if neuromas are more frequent in patients with pain.Hopefully, this study will increase our understanding of the role of neuromas in patients with pain after peripheral nerve injury and amputation.

scholarly journals Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Astrocyte Activation in Spinal Ventral Horn Contributes to Nerve Regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhui Qian ◽  
Dandan Tan ◽  
Xianghai Wang ◽  
Lixia Li ◽  
Jinkun Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Astrocyte Activation ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Function Recovery

Accumulating evidences suggest that peripheral nerve injury (PNI) may initiate astrocytic responses in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the response of astrocytes in the spinal ventral horn and its potential role in nerve regeneration after PNI remain unclear. Herein, we firstly illustrated that astrocytes in the spinal ventral horn were dramatically activated in the early stage following sciatic nerve injury, and these profiles were eliminated in the chronic stage. Additionally, we found that the expression of neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), also accompanied with astrocyte activation. In comparison with the irreversible transected subjects, astrocyte activation and the neurotrophic upregulation in the early stage were more drastic in case the transected nerve was rebridged immediately after injury. Furthermore, administering fluorocitrate to inhibit astrocyte activation resulted in decreased neurotrophin expression in the spinal ventral horn and delayed axonal regeneration in the nerve as well as motor function recovery. Overall, the present study indicates that peripheral nerve injury can initiate astrocyte activation accompanied with neurotrophin upregulation in the spinal ventral horn. The above responses mainly occur in the early stage of PNI and may contribute to nerve regeneration and motor function recovery.

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