scholarly journals Short Communication: Erythrocytes and leukocytes profiles of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) at conservation site

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas ◽  
AGUSTIN INDRAWATI ◽  
RIZKA F. SYARAFINA ◽  
TALITA F. MILANI ◽  
M. SURYAPUTRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Tursiops Aduncus ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Thin Blood Smears

Abstract. Satyaningtijas AS, Indrawati A, Syarafina RF, Milani TF, Saleema AK. 2020. Short Communication: Erythrocytes and leukocytes profiles of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) at conservation site. Biodiversitas 21: 3359-3363. Health monitoring of dolphins to ensure optimal welfare in human care is important. This study measured erythrocytes and leukocytes in seven bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) as a parameter to assess physiological status in PT. Wersut Seguni Indonesia (WSI) Marine Mammals Conservation. Blood was sampled through the superficial veins of each tail fin for examination of erythrocytes and leukocytes using hemocytometer method. Differential leukocytes were observed using thin blood smears stained by Giemza. The purpose of this study to collect hematological value of captive bottlenose dolphins. The results showed values of erythrocytes was (5.14±0.56) x 106/mm3, (13.86±1.68) gr/dl for hemoglobin, and (44.29±2.69)% for hematocrit. The value for leukocytes were  (4.2 ± 0,82) x 103/mm3 , 63.14 ± 9.77% for lymphocytes, 3.57 ± 1.72% for monocytes, 31.57 ± 8.43% for neutrophils, 1.29 ± 1.60% for eosinophils and 0.14 ± 0.38% for basophils. The average of the seven bottlenose dolphins Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (N/L) was 0.53.

scholarly journals The resurgence of trypanosomosis in Botswana : short communication

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Sharma ◽  
T.C. Losho ◽  
M. Malau ◽  
K.G. Mangate ◽  
K.B. Linchwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Tsetse Control ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
Trypanosome Infection Rate ◽  
Thin Blood Smears

No sleeping sickness or nagana cases have been reported in Botswana since 1985. In view of several confirmed clinical cases of nagana and reports of heavy bovine mortality, a parasitological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of trypanosome infection in cattle in Maun and Shakawe areas of Ngamiland district. Wet blood films, buffy coat and Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood smears were used to detect trypanosomes in animals. Overall,trypanosome infection rate was 15.98%, with 5.94% and 27.29% in Maun and Shakawe respectively. The urgent need to combat trypanosomosis in Ngamiland, particularly in the Shakawe area, is highlighted, and a 3-phase integrated tsetse control strategy for this disease problem is discussed.

scholarly journals Vocal correlates of arousal in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) in human care

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0250913
Author(s):  
Rachel Probert ◽  
Anna Bastian ◽  
Simon H. Elwen ◽  
Bridget S. James ◽  
Tess Gridley
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Contact Call ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Signature Whistles ◽  
Human Care

Human-controlled regimes can entrain behavioural responses and may impact animal welfare. Therefore, understanding the influence of schedules on animal behaviour can be a valuable tool to improve welfare, however information on behaviour overnight and in the absence of husbandry staff remains rare. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) are highly social marine mammals and the most common cetacean found in captivity. They communicate using frequency modulated signature whistles, a whistle type that is individually distinctive and used as a contact call. We investigated the vocalisations of ten dolphins housed in three social groups at uShaka Sea World dolphinarium to determine how patterns in acoustic behaviour link to dolphinarium routines. Investigation focused on overnight behaviour, housing decisions, weekly patterns, and transitional periods between the presence and absence of husbandry staff. Recordings were made from 17h00 – 07h00 over 24 nights, spanning May to August 2018. Whistle (including signature whistle) presence and production rate decreased soon after husbandry staff left the facility, was low over night, and increased upon staff arrival. Results indicated elevated arousal states particularly associated with the morning feeding regime. Housing in the pool configuration that allowed observation of staff activities from all social groups was characterised by an increase in whistle presence and rates. Heightened arousal associated with staff presence was reflected in the structural characteristics of signature whistles, particularly maximum frequency, frequency range and number of whistle loops. We identified individual differences in both production rate and the structural modification of signature whistles under different contexts. Overall, these results revealed a link between scheduled activity and associated behavioural responses, which can be used as a baseline for future welfare monitoring where changes from normal behaviour may reflect shifts in welfare state.

scholarly journals Vocal correlates of arousal in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) in human care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Probert ◽  
Anna Bastian ◽  
Simon Elwen ◽  
Bridget James ◽  
Tess Gridley
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Contact Call ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Signature Whistles ◽  
Human Care ◽  
The Impact

Human-controlled regimes can entrain behavioural responses and may impact animal welfare. Therefore, understanding the impact of schedules on animal behaviour can be a valuable tool to improve welfare, however information on overnight behaviour and behaviour in the absence of husbandry staff remains rare. Bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops spp.) are highly social marine mammals and the most common cetacean found in captivity. They communicate using frequency modulated signature whistles which are individually distinctive and used as a contact call. We investigated the vocal behaviour of ten dolphins housed in three social groups at uShaka Sea World dolphinarium to determine how acoustic behavioural patterns link to dolphinarium routines. Investigation focused on overnight behaviour, housing decisions, weekly patterns, and transitional periods between presence and absence of husbandry staff. Recordings were made from 17h00 – 07h00 over 24 nights, spanning May to August 2018. Whistle production rate decreased soon after husbandry staff left the facility, was low over night, and increased upon arrival. Results indicated elevate arousal states associated with the morning arrival and presence of husbandry staff and heightened excitement associated with feeding. Housing in pool configurations which limited visual contact between certain groups were characterised by lower vocal production rates. Production of signature whistles was greater over the weekends compared to weekdays however total whistle production did not differ between weekends and weekdays. Heightened arousal associated with staff arrival was reflected in the structural characteristics of signature whistles, particularly maximum frequency, frequency range and number of whistle loops. Overall, these results revealed a link between scheduled activity and associated behavioural responses, which can be used as a baseline for future welfare monitoring where changes in normal behaviour may reflect shifts in welfare state.

scholarly journals Neonatal line may develop after birth in the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-695
Author(s):  
C.M. Kemper ◽  
S. Milano ◽  
A.C. Ciraolo
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Tursiops Aduncus ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Tooth Length

Studies using teeth to estimate age in marine mammals presume that the neonatal line (NNL) develops at birth. This study of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus (Ehrenberg, 1833)) is the first to investigate when the NNL appears in odontocete dentine. Two to four teeth were prepared by decalcification, thin-sectioning, and staining for 103 dolphins, including 7 dolphins of known age. Tooth length, prenatal and postnatal dentine and NNL widths were measured. Developmental class (foetus, young neonate, older neonate, <1-year-old calf, 1-year-old calf) was assigned using carcass external features. NNL presence or absence was categorised for individual dolphins. The NNL was absent in a near-term foetus and all except one young neonate and fully formed in 50% of older neonates, whose estimated ages were 1 week to 2 months. It was absent in a known-age dolphin aged 4–7 weeks. NNL width was greater in dolphins less than 1 year old compared with those that were 1 year old. Factors that trigger NNL development are unknown. The present study suggests that the NNL may not be related to birth per se in dolphins, as has been clearly demonstrated in humans. Physiological processes, driven by diet, and behavioural changes during the first few months of postnatal life may be important drivers for NNL formation in odontocetes.

Reduced Detection of Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in an Inner Harbour Channel During Pile Driving Activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estênio G. Paiva ◽  
Chandra P. Salgado Kent ◽  
Marthe Monique Gagnon ◽  
Robert McCauley ◽  
Hugh Finn
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Tursiops Aduncus

Brightfield and fluorescence in-channel staining of thin blood smears generated in a pumpless microfluidic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kokou S. Dogbevi ◽  
Paul Gordon ◽  
Kimberly L. Branan ◽  
Bryan Khai D. Ngo ◽  
Kevin B. Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Thin Blood Smears

Effective staining of peripheral blood smears which enhances the contrast of intracellular components and biomarkers is essential for the accurate characterization, diagnosis, and monitoring of various diseases such as malaria.

scholarly journals Activity Budget Comparisons Using Long-Term Observations of a Group of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under Human Care: Implications for Animal Welfare

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Tim Huettner ◽  
Sandra Dollhaeupl ◽  
Ralph Simon ◽  
Katrin Baumgartner ◽  
Lorenzo von Fersen
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Welfare State

Zoos and aquaria must provide optimal husbandry conditions and the highest welfare standards for their animals. How the welfare state of an animal or a group of animals can be precisely assessed is currently under debate, and new approaches are necessary to reliably evaluate changes in welfare. One particular measure that is easily applicable is behavioral observations. However, for dolphins and other cetaceans under human care, reliable behavior-based measures are rare. Using long-term observations of a group of bottlenose dolphins, we investigate how their activity budgets and different behaviors changed over time and are impacted by construction noise. Additionally, we investigate whether behavioral differences are also reflected in changes in the dolphins’ performance during daily training sessions. Our results show that construction noise significantly alters the dolphins’ behavior. Play behavior decreases during construction periods; most importantly, the frequency of fast swimming activities significantly increased, and at the same time, a decrease in training performance is found. Additionally, inter- and intraindividual behavioral differences are attributed to factors, such as age or weaning. Significant changes in a dolphin’s activity budget can also pose potential welfare concerns. Thus, this study highlights the importance of regularly assessing and analyzing the behavior of dolphins under human care. Behavioral observations are essential welfare indicators and can—when complemented with other measures, such as assessment of training performance—provide zoo staff with important information about each individual’s state of welfare.

Genetic evidence for sex-biased dispersal in resident bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1607-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana M. Möller ◽  
Luciano B. Beheregaray
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Tursiops Aduncus

scholarly journals The Protection of Animals During Warfare

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Jérôme de Hemptinne
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Sea Lions

In times of war, the first instinct is to relieve the suffering of human beings. Environmental and animal interests are always pushed into the background. However, warfare strongly affects natural resources, including animals, which makes animal issues a matter of great concern. Certain species have been vanishing at a rapid rate because of wars, often with disastrous effects on the food chain and on the ecological balance. Indeed, belligerents rarely take into account the adverse consequences of their military operations on animals. They even take advantage of the chaotic circumstances of war in order to poach protected species and to engage in the trafficking of expensive animal products. While generating billions of dollars each year, such poaching and trafficking allows armed groups to grow and to reinforce their authority over disputed territory. States have also trained, and continue to train, certain animals—principally marine mammals such as bottlenose dolphins and California sea lions—to perform military tasks, like ship and harbor protection, or mine detection and clearance. Millions of horses, mules, donkeys, camels, dogs, and birds are obliged to serve on various fronts (transport, logistics, or communications) and become particularly vulnerable targets.

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