Surgical Simulation to Evaluate Surgical Innovation: Preclinical Studies With MARTYN

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 299-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani J Marcus ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
Dipankar Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Term Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Surgical Devices ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Minimal Evidence ◽  
The Ideal

The safety and effectiveness of surgical devices have come under considerable scrutiny over the past two decades.1 New surgical tools are being introduced into the operating theatre at an increasing rate, and are often rapidly adopted with minimal evidence to support their use. while the IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, long-term study) framework provides clear recommendations for the clinical evaluation of surgical innovations,2 there is undoubtedly also a role for preclinical studies early in the product development cycle.

scholarly journals The IDEAL framework in neurosurgery: a bibliometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (12) ◽  
pp. 2939-2947
Author(s):  
Helen C. U. Ota ◽  
Brandon G. Smith ◽  
Alexander Alamri ◽  
Faith C. Robertson ◽  
Hani Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Ideal Framework ◽  
Specific Search ◽  
Neurosurgical Techniques ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Background The Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term study (IDEAL) framework was created to provide a structured way for assessing and evaluating novel surgical techniques and devices. Objectives The aim of this paper was to investigate the utilization of the IDEAL framework within neurosurgery, and to identify factors influencing implementation. Methods A bibliometric analysis of the 7 key IDEAL papers on Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (2009–2019) was performed. A second journal-specific search then identified additional papers citing the IDEAL framework. Publications identified were screened by two independent reviewers to select neurosurgery-specific articles. Results The citation search identified 1336 articles. The journal search identified another 16 articles. Following deduplication and review, 51 relevant articles remained; 14 primary papers (27%) and 37 secondary papers (73%). Of the primary papers, 5 (36%) papers applied the IDEAL framework to their research correctly; two were aligned to the pre-IDEAL stage, one to the Idea and Development stages, and two to the Exploration stage. Of the secondary papers, 21 (57%) explicitly discussed the IDEAL framework. Eighteen (86%) of these were supportive of implementing the framework, while one was not, and two were neutral. Conclusion The adoption of the IDEAL framework in neurosurgery has been slow, particularly for early-stage neurosurgical techniques and inventions. However, the largely positive reviews in secondary literature suggest potential for increased use that may be achieved with education and publicity.

scholarly journals Fieldwork through the Zoomiverse

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Richard Vokes ◽  
Gertrude Atukunda
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Zoom In

We have been conducting collaborative ethnographic research together for over 20 years. Over the past 12 months, this collaboration has included face-to-face encounters, both in Kampala, Uganda, and in Perth, Australia. However, since the advent of COVID-19-related ‘lockdowns’ in our respective countries, our engagements have been conducted exclusively over online platforms, including WhatsApp, Facebook and – increasingly – Zoom. In this article, we reflect upon our shared experience of conducting ethnography through this platform as a tool for understanding the effects of the pandemic in Uganda. We argue that, despite all kinds of material constraints (at both ends), Zoom has much to off er the ethnographer particularly because it can generate an intimate understanding of experience and time. However, against this advantage, some aspects of social life remain beyond the range of its channels, for which an assemblage of additional methods are required. We finish by reflecting upon what these methods have contributed to our long-term study of emergent cultures of mobility in Uganda – a study which is now being conducted in an ostensible context of immobility.

Classification and evolution of the burrowing sea anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Athenaria): a review of the past and current views

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Primitive Group ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Term Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Study

The opinions of systematists about the classification and evolution of burrowing sea anemones have repeatedly changed over the long-term study of Actiniaria. Four stages can be distinguished over the course of the classification history. Each system was characterized by the use of mainly one particular feature. These features were: (1) characters of the external morphology, (2) arrangement of the mesenteries, (3) presence or absence of the basilar muscles and (4) molecular markers. The views on the origin and the evolution of the burrowing sea anemones were also altered more than once, that led to the emergence of several hypotheses. The burrowing sea anemones were considered as a primitive group or, on the contrary, as more advanced descendants of large hexamerous actinians.

Quinapril for Sclerosis Failed in Long-Term Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
DAMIAN MCNAMARA
Keyword(s):  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study
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