Introduction

Author(s):  
Gerard McCann ◽  
Féilim Ó hAdhmaill

The Introduction, outlines the concepts and ideas contained in the book, showing how the development of universal human rights and international oversight since World War Two has led to profound global changes in thinking about social policy and global development. It argues that geo-political tensions, conflicts, continuing global inequalities, and the struggles of people around the world whose rights have been denied, have all influenced understandings of rights and state responsibilities. In essence, the formulation, interpretation, realisation and enforcement of international human rights are sites of continuing struggle. It shows how the book is organised around a range of different themes relating to international human rights, their application and influence on social policy development, with 20 chapters in three different sections, ‘International Human Rights: Context’, ‘Key Issues for Universal Human Rights-Based Approaches’, ‘Human Rights Approaches to Social Policy Development’.

Author(s):  
Margaret Buckley ◽  
Fiona Dukelow

Chapter 13 provides an introduction to Section Three of the book which links international human rights mechanisms to social policy development. It argues that the formulation of specific rights often involves struggle and campaigning and is thus a contested site. It further argues that the presentation of a right does not ensure that it can be realised and often attention must be given to wider social and economic policy developments as well as the promotion and facilitation of community empowerment, development, advocacy and campaigning to ensure rights are realisable and extended in line with changing contexts and circumstances. Finally, it discusses contemporary attempts by NGOs and other campaigning organisations, using right-based approaches, to promote the recognition and realisation of universal socio-economic rights globally.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubica Saktorová

Abstract The idea of the World Court of Human Rights was first envisioned in 1947 along with other institutions designed to create a system capable of the worldwide protection of individual human rights. The focus of the present study is to determine key issues of the prospective establishment of the World Court by an examination of its theoretical position among the United Nations bodies, regional and another inter-governmental human rights organisation. Analysis of the function and mechanisms of the current international human rights protection system would lead to deliberation on the prospective substantial and procedural competences of the World Court, the enforcement mechanism, jurisdiction and related benefits. The objective of the final part is to discuss challenges regarding its political and legal feasibility. Without the visionaries of the past, there would be no substantial system of human rights today. The World Court of Human Rights is a vision for the future.


Author(s):  
Bożena Drzewicka

Conceptions And Interpretations of Human Rights in Europe and Asia: Normative AspectsThe issue of confronting values between civilizations has become very important. It influences not only the level of international politics but also the international normative activity. It is very interesting for the modern international law and its doctrine. The most important factor of causing huge changes in the system of international law is still the international human rights protection and the international humanitarian law which is related to it. It is very difficult to create one catalogue of executive instruments and procedures but it is possible to influence the attitude toward the basic paradigms. The frictions appear from time to time and move to other planes. The West and Asia are still antagonists in the dialogue on the future of the world. The article is a contribution to the intercivilizational dialogue.


Author(s):  
Ronald Labonté ◽  
Arne Ruckert

A long-standing and fundamental facet of global governance for health has been the development of an international human rights framework. Arising from the aftermath of World War II, human rights are comprised of several different covenants that constitute international law, albeit lacking in international enforcement measures. When these rights are instantiated within national laws or constitutions, however, they become justiciable within a country’s legal system. There are also global bodies responsible for oversight of their implementation. Their strength, as with that of the Sustainable Development Goals’ Agenda 2030, may rest more on their normative force—how the world’s people imperfectly expressed through their governments believe the world should work and look like. Given a growing illiberal temper in the emerging post-truth world, whether the norms embedded in human rights law can rise to the challenge of ‘taming’ globalization’s neoliberal underpinnings is a pivotal question still awaiting a firm answer.


Author(s):  
Michael Freeman

This chapter examines the concept of human rights, which derives primarily from the Charter of the United Nations adopted in 1945 immediately after World War II. It first provides a brief account of the history of the concept of human rights before describing the international human rights regime. It then considers two persistent problems that arise in applying the concept of human rights to the developing world: the relations between the claim that the concept is universally valid and the realities of cultural diversity around the world; and the relations between human rights and development. In particular, it explores cultural imperialism and cultural relativism, the human rights implications of the rise of political Islam and the so-called war on terror(ism), and globalization. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the new political economy of human rights.


Author(s):  
Heyns Christof ◽  
Killander Magnus

This article focuses on the regional human rights systems. It suggests that the emergence of these systems constitutes an important dimension of broader participation in the international human rights project because they provide platforms where people from all parts of the world can potentially make their voices heard in the global human rights discourse. It compares the regional human rights systems of Europe, the Americas and Africa and considers other smaller initiatives such as the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).


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