Solidification Modeling of Plasma Sprayed TBC: Analysis of Remelt and Multiple Length Scales of Rough Substrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Wroblewski ◽  
Rajesh Khare ◽  
Michael Gevelber
Keyword(s):  
Length Scales ◽  
Solidification Modeling ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

Fracture resistance of human cortical bone across multiple length-scales at physiological strain rates

Biomaterials ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (21) ◽  
pp. 5472-5481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Zimmermann ◽  
Bernd Gludovatz ◽  
Eric Schaible ◽  
Björn Busse ◽  
Robert O. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Multiple Length Scales

Patterning of Soft Matter across Multiple Length Scales

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 2609-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim van der Asdonk ◽  
Hans C. Hendrikse ◽  
Marcos Fernandez-Castano Romera ◽  
Dion Voerman ◽  
Britta E. I. Ramakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Multiple Length Scales

Surface integrity analysis of machined Inconel 718 over multiple length scales

CIRP Annals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid M'Saoubi ◽  
Tommy Larsson ◽  
José Outeiro ◽  
Yang Guo ◽  
Sergey Suslov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Integrity Analysis

An Energetic Approach to Modeling Cytoskeletal Architecture in Maturing Cardiomyocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F Sherman ◽  
Mira Asad ◽  
Anna Grosberg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Energetic Approach ◽  
Cytoskeletal Network ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Potential Factors

Abstract Through a variety of mechanisms, a healthy heart is able to regulate its structure and dynamics across multiple length scales. Disruption of these mechanisms can have a cascad- ing effect, resulting in severe structural and/or functional changes that permeate across different length scales. Due to this hierarchical structure, there is interest in understand- ing how the components at the various scales coordinate and influence each other. However, much is unknown regarding how myofibril bundles are organized within a densely packed cell and the influence of the subcellular components on the architecture that is formed. To elucidate potential factors influencing cytoskeletal development, we proposed a compu- tational model that integrated interactions at both the cel- lular and subcelluar scale to predict the location of indi- vidual myofibril bundles that contributed to the formation of an energetically favorable cytoskeletal network. Our model was tested and validated using experimental metrics derived from analyzing single cell cardiomyocytes. We demonstrated that our model-generated networks were capable of repro- ducing the variation observed in experimental cells at different length scales as a result of the stochasticity inher- ent in the different interaction between the various cellu- lar components. Additionally, we showed that incorporat- ing length-scale parameters resulted in physical constraints that directed cytoskeletal architecture towards a structurally consistent motif. Understanding the mechanisms guiding the formation and organization of the cytoskeleton in individual cardiomyocytes can aid tissue engineers towards developing functional cardiac tissue.

scholarly journals 4D and In Situ X-ray Microscopy for Studying Damage Evolution in Materials Across Multiple Length Scales

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1010-1011
Author(s):  
Will Harris ◽  
Hrishikesh Bale ◽  
Steve Kelly ◽  
Benjamin Hornberger
Keyword(s):  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multiple Length Scales

scholarly journals Structural hierarchy confers error tolerance in biological materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 2875-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Michel ◽  
Peter J. Yunker
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
Distinct Features

Structural hierarchy, in which materials possess distinct features on multiple length scales, is ubiquitous in nature. Diverse biological materials, such as bone, cellulose, and muscle, have as many as 10 hierarchical levels. Structural hierarchy confers many mechanical advantages, including improved toughness and economy of material. However, it also presents a problem: Each hierarchical level adds a new source of assembly errors and substantially increases the information required for proper assembly. This seems to conflict with the prevalence of naturally occurring hierarchical structures, suggesting that a common mechanical source of hierarchical robustness may exist. However, our ability to identify such a unifying phenomenon is limited by the lack of a general mechanical framework for structures exhibiting organization on disparate length scales. Here, we use simulations to substantiate a generalized model for the tensile stiffness of hierarchical filamentous networks with a nested, dilute triangular lattice structure. Following seminal work by Maxwell and others on criteria for stiff frames, we extend the concept of connectivity in network mechanics and find a similar dependence of material stiffness upon each hierarchical level. Using this model, we find that stiffness becomes less sensitive to errors in assembly with additional levels of hierarchy; although surprising, we show that this result is analytically predictable from first principles and thus potentially model independent. More broadly, this work helps account for the success of hierarchical, filamentous materials in biology and materials design and offers a heuristic for ensuring that desired material properties are achieved within the required tolerance.

DESIGNING DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS OVER MULTIPLE LENGTH SCALES FOR 21ST CENTURY SOFT MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Armstrong ◽  
Richard J. Spontak
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Dielectric Elastomers ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Electric Stimulus ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Electromechanical Performance ◽  
Strain Cycling

ABSTRACT Dielectric elastomers (DEs) constitute an increasingly important category of electroactive polymers. They are in a class of generally soft materials that, upon exposure to an electric stimulus, respond by changing size, shape, or both. Derived from network-forming macromolecules, DEs are lightweight, robust and scalable, and they are capable of exhibiting giant electroactuation strains, high electromechanical efficiencies, and relatively low strain-cycling hysteresis over a broad range of electric fields. Due primarily to their attractive electromechanical attributes, DEs are of growing interest in diverse biomedical, (micro)robotic, and analytical technologies. Since the seminal studies of these electroresponsive materials (initially fabricated mainly from chemically cross-linked acrylic and silicone elastomers), advances in materials design over multiple length scales have resulted in not only improved electromechanical performance but also better mechanistic understanding. We first review the fundamental operating principles of DEs developed from conventional elastomers that undergo isotropic electroactuation and then consider more recent advances at different length scales. At the macroscale, incorporation of oriented fibers within elastomeric matrices is found to have a profound impact on electroactuation by promoting an anisotropic response. At the mesoscale, physically cross-linked thermoplastic elastomer gel networks formed by midblock-swollen triblock copolymers provide a highly tunable alternative to chemically cross-linked elastomers. At the nanoscale, the chemical synthesis of binetwork and bottlebrush elastomers permits extraordinarily enhanced electromechanical performance through targeted integration of inherently prestrained macromolecular networks.

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