Measurement method of fiber connection loss using steady-state power distribution

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Daido ◽  
E. Miyauchi ◽  
T. Iwama ◽  
N. Tokoyo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
State Power ◽  
Fiber Connection

Measuring fiber connection loss using steady-state power distribution: a method

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Daido ◽  
E. Miyauchi ◽  
T. Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
State Power ◽  
Fiber Connection

Reforms and transformation paths in comparative perspective: challenging comparative views on East European and Chinese reforms

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Csanádi
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
State Power ◽  
State Model ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Dynamic Background ◽  
East European ◽  
Structural Context ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Party State ◽  
Chinese Reforms

Reforms, in view of a comparative party-state model, become the instruments of self-reproduction and self-destruction of party-state power. The specific patterns of power distribution imply different development and transformation paths through different instruments of self-reproduction. This approach also points to the structural and dynamic background of the differences in the location, sequence, speed and political conditions of reforms during the operation and transformation of party-states. In view of the model the paper points to the inconsistencies that emerge in the comparative reform literature concerning the evaluation and strategies of reforms disconnected from their systemic-structural context.

Design of a Steady-State, Parallel-Plate Thermal Conductivity Apparatus for Nanofluids and Comparative Measurements With Transient HWTC Apparatus

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milivoje M. Kostic ◽  
Casey J. Walleck
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Mixture Theory ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Magnetic Phenomena ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

A steady-state, parallel-plate thermal conductivity (PPTC) apparatus has been developed and used for comparative measurements of complex POLY-nanofluids, in order to compare results with the corresponding measurements using the transient, hotwire thermal conductivity (HWTC) apparatus. The related measurements in the literature, mostly with HWTC method, have been inconsistent and with measured thermal conductivities far beyond prediction using the well-known mixture theory. The objective was to check out if existing and well-established HWTC method might have some unknown issues while measuring TC of complex nano-mixture suspensions, like electro-magnetic phenomena, undetectable hot-wire vibrations, and others. These initial and limited measurements have shown considerable difference between the two methods, where the TC enhancements measured with PPTC apparatus were about three times smaller than with HWTC apparatus, the former data being much closer to the mixture theory prediction. However, the influence of measurement method is not conclusive since it has been observed that the complex nano-mixture suspensions were very unstable during the lengthy steady-state measurements as compared to rather quick transient HWTC method. The nanofluid suspension instability might be the main reason for very inconsistent results in the literature. It is necessary to expend investigation with more stable nano-mixture suspensions.

Circuit Representation of Three-Phase Bridge Convertors

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Steady State ◽  
State Power ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Circuit Representation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Model Circuit

The paper shows that the three-phase bridge convertor can be represented in the steady state by a circuit model. Circuit models are deduced for naturally commutated and forced commutated convertors. Steady state power rectification, inversion, the d.c. link, and variable frequency motor control are described.

SOLPS-ITER simulations of high power exhaust for CFETR divertor with full drifts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Si ◽  
Rui Ding ◽  
Ilya Y Senichenkov ◽  
Vladimir A Rozhansky ◽  
Pavel Molchanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
State Power ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plasma Facing Components ◽  
High Impurity ◽  
Impurity Species ◽  
Power Load

Abstract One of the major challenges for the GW-class Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) is to efficiently handle huge power fluxes on plasma-facing components (PFCs), especially the divertor targets. This work investigates the effects of two candidate radiation impurity species, argon (Ar) and neon (Ne), with two different divertor geometries (baseline and long leg divertor geometry) on the reduction of steady-state power load to divertor targets in CFETR by using the SOLPS-ITER code package with full drifts and kinetic description of neutrals. The modeling results show clearly that increasing the seeding rate of Ar or Ne with fixed fueling gas D2 injection rate reduces the target electron temperature and heat flux density for the baseline divertor geometry, which can be reduced further by higher D2 injection rate. With a high impurity seeding rate, partial detachment with steady-state power load at the divertor target below the engineering limit of 10 MWm-2 is demonstrated. In addition, the radiation efficiency for Ar is better than that for Ne. Increasing the divertor leg length reduces the electron temperature and heat load at the targets. This modeling, therefore, suggests that a long leg divertor design with Ar seeding impurity is appropriate to meet the CFETR divertor requirements.

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