Systematic review of school tobacco prevention programs in African countries from 2000 to 2016

Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders’ understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.

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A Systematic Review of Community-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs

Journal of Obesity & Weight loss Therapy ◽

10.4172/2165-7904.1000188 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol S3 (05) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Melinda J Ickes

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevention ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Community Based ◽

Childhood Obesity Prevention ◽

Obesity Prevention Programs

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A Systematic Review of Suicide Prevention Programs for Healthcare Personnel

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing ◽

10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.4.386 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 386 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sunyoung Hwang ◽

Heeseung Choi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Healthcare Personnel ◽

Suicide Prevention Programs

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Effects of iron intake on neurobehavioural outcomes in African children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16931.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Agnes M. Mutua ◽

Kelvinson Mwangi ◽

Amina Abubakar ◽

Sarah H. Atkinson

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Developmental Delay ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

African Countries ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

African Children ◽

Randomised Controlled

Background: Iron deficiency and developmental delay are common in African children. While experimental studies indicate an important role of iron in brain development, effects of iron on child development remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of iron supplementation or fortification on neurobehavioural outcomes in African children and further summarise these effects in children living in non-African countries for comparison. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane Library for studies published up to 22nd October 2021. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating effects of iron supplementation or fortification on neurobehavioural outcomes in children. Due to heterogeneity in study methods, we analysed all studies qualitatively and in secondary analyses only seven RCTs with 11 arms were meta-analysed. Results: We identified 2231 studies and included 35 studies (n=9988) in the systematic review. Only five studies (n=1294) included African children while 30 (n=8694) included children living in non-African countries. Of the five African studies, two (n=647) reported beneficial effects of iron supplementation on neurobehavioural outcomes in anaemic children, while three (n=647) found no beneficial effects. Of 30 studies in children living in non-African countries, 10 (n=3105) reported beneficial effects of iron supplementation or fortification on neurobehavioural outcomes, seven (n=786) reported beneficial effects only in children who had iron deficiency, iron deficiency anaemia or anaemia while 13 (n=4803) reported no beneficial effects. Conclusions: There are few studies in African children despite the high burden of iron deficiency and developmental delay in this population. Evidence on the effects of iron supplementation on neurobehavioural outcomes remains unclear and there is need for further well-powered studies evaluating these effects in African populations. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018091278 (20/03/2018)

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Incidence and Mortality of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With Burns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.709642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Baoli Wang ◽

Wei Chenru ◽

Yong Jiang ◽

Lunyang Hu ◽

He Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Inhalation Injury ◽

African Countries ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively estimate the incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in overall and subgroups of patients with burns.Data sources: Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL databases, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database were searched until September 1, 2021.Study selection: Articles that report study data on incidence or mortality of ARDS in patients with burns were selected.Data extraction: Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality. We performed a meta-analysis of the incidence and mortality of ARDS in patients with burns using a random effects model, which made subgroup analysis according to the study type, inclusion (mechanical ventilation, minimal burn surface), definitions of ARDS, geographic location, mean age, burn severity, and inhalation injury. Primary outcomes were the incidence and mortality of burns patients with ARDS, and secondary outcomes were incidence for different subgroups.Data synthesis: Pooled weighted estimate of the incidence and mortality of ARDS in patients with burns was 0.24 [95% confidence interval (CI)0.2–0.28] and 0.31 [95% CI 0.18−0.44]. Incidences of ARDS were obviously higher in patients on mechanical ventilation (incidence = 0.37), diagnosed by Berlin definition (incidence = 0.35), and with over 50% inhalation injury proportion (incidence = 0.41) than in overall patients with burns. Patients with burns who came from western countries and with inhalation injury have a significantly higher incidence of ARDS compared with those who came from Asian/African countries (0.28 vs. 0.25) and without inhalation injury (0.41 vs. 0.24).Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the incidence of ARDS in patients with burns is 24% and that mortality is as high as 31%. The incidence rates are related to mechanical ventilation, location, and inhalation injury. The patients with burns from western countries and with inhalation injury have a significantly higher incidence than patients from Asian/African countries and without inhalation injury.Systematic Review Registration: identifier: CRD42021144888.

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