Correction: Prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia infection in Hong Kong: A population-based geospatial household survey and testing

ObjectivesAnxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D symptoms and their relationship with sociodemographic and other risk factors and comorbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.DesignA population-based cohort study with random cluster household survey sampling method.SettingSecond round of Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study (KERCADRS) (2014–2018) performed in Southeastern, Iran.ParticipantsWe recruited 9997 participants (15–80 years) in the second round of the study, from whom 2820 persons were the people who also participated in the first round of KERCADRS in 2009–2012. The age-standardised A&D prevalence was measured among all participants, and the 5-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free from A&D in the first round in 2009–2012 and were at risk of A&D in the follow-up. The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, p<0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3%, p<0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among widowed (31.4%), unemployed (21.3%), obese (19.4%), and opium users (17.4%). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance of developing anxiety. The 5-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.ConclusionDespite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D symptoms in last 5 years in the area, young adults, women, unemployed, opium users, people with low physical activity and those with obesity had a higher chance of developing anxiety and are in need of more targeted interventions.

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Quantifying Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Related Health Risks: Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Among Indian Males

Central Asian Journal of Global Health ◽

10.5195/cajgh.2015.218 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Neetu Purohit ◽

Divya K. Bhati ◽

Shiv D. Gupta ◽

Azad S. Kundu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Non-communicable diseases account for a significant disease burden in the South East Asia region. India is facing an increased incidence of lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been under investigated in India. This study was designed to explore risk factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease among Indian males.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,235 males in the age group of 18-60 years across three states of India. A household survey was used to collect demographic and socioeconomic status information in addition to lifestyle-related attributes such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to identify the role of various factors that may be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in this population.Results: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the male respondents contacted through a household survey was reported to be 9.8%. Logistic regression revealed that males with higher education and higher income were more likely to report CVD. With age as a strong predictor of CVD, the risk of CVD was found to be five times higher in the older age group. Current smokers were 1.3 times more likely to have CVD compared to those who never smoked. Those who were engaged in physical activity were less likely to have CVD; however, the adverse effects of smoking and excessive consumption of red meat showed a stronger association with CVD than the protective effects of physical activity.Conclusion: In developing countries, where the increase in earning capacity and change in lifestyle has been found to be accompanied by substantial risk of heart disease for males, public health measures like health promotion programs need to be implemented to decrease CVD burden.

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Deprivation is associated with anxiety and stress. A population-based longitudinal household survey among Chinese adults in Hong Kong

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2020-214728 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. jech-2020-214728

Author(s):

Roger Yat-Nork Chung ◽

Michael Marmot ◽

Jonathan Ka-Long Mak ◽

David Gordon ◽

Dicken Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Income Poverty ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Using Data ◽

Over Time

BackgroundMental illness is a major disease burden in the world and disproportionately affects the socially disadvantaged, but studies on the longitudinal association of poverty with anxiety and stress are rare, especially in Asia. Using data from Hong Kong, we aimed to (1) assess the cross-sectional association of poverty with anxiety and stress at baseline, and (2) to examine whether baseline poverty and change in poverty status over time are associated with a subsequent change in anxiety and stress.MethodsData were obtained from two waves of a territory-wide longitudinal survey in Hong Kong, with sample sizes of n=1970 and n=1224 for baseline and follow-up, respectively. Poverty was measured with a Deprivation Index and income-poverty. Anxiety and stress symptoms were assessed using Chinese Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 Items. We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses on the association of poverty with anxiety and stress.OutcomesDeprivation, but not income-poverty, was significantly associated with both outcomes at baseline. Increased deprivation over time was associated with greater score and increased risk of anxiety and stress. Persistent deprivation over time was associated with greater anxiety and stress, and increased risk of incident anxiety.InterpretationDeprivation could have significant independent effects on anxiety and stress, even after adjusting for the effects of income-poverty. Greater attention should be paid to deprivation in policymaking to tackle the inequalities of mental health problems, especially since stress and anxiety are precursors to more severe forms of mental illness and other comorbidities.

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59 Annual Incidence of Childhood Burn Injuries and Prevalence of Household Risk Factors in Rural Ghana: A Population-based Cluster-randomized Survey

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S39-S39

Author(s):

Kajal Mehta ◽

Adam Gyedu ◽

Charles Mock ◽

Barclay T Stewart

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Household Survey ◽

Female Gender ◽

Population Based ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Middle Income ◽

Rural Ghana ◽

Cluster Randomized

Abstract Introduction Childhood burns are a leading cause of injury in low- and middle-income countries. Many childhood burns can be prevented by modifications in the household environment and targeted education. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence of childhood burn injuries and describe the prevalence of potentially modifiable household risk factors. Methods We performed a population-based, cluster-randomized, household survey of 358 households in a rural district in Ghana. From the district, 6 of 11 community clusters were randomly selected. Within these clusters, a census of all households with a caregiver of at least one child < 5 years of age was conducted. Caregivers were interviewed regarding childhood burn injury (CBI) within the past 6 months and potentially modifiable household risk factors. Results Of the 358 households sampled, most households lived in completed structures they owned (67%, 95% CI 61.9–71.6%). The adjusted annual incidence of childhood burn injury was 7.9%. The median age of burn injury was 3 years. The most common etiology of CBI was flame burn (53%, 95% CI 36.8–67.7%). Increasing year of age (AOR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84–1.01) and households with an older sibling ³12 years (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.24–1.17) were weakly associated with lower odds of CBI. The majority of households (84%, 95% CI 80.5–88%) used an open fire with firewood as fuel arrangement for cooking. In most households there was not a separate room used as a kitchen (90%, 95% CI 86–92.4%) and the stove/cooking arrangement height was within reach of children under five (< 1 meter; 96%, 95% CI 94.6–97%). Female gender (AOR 1.37, 95% CI 0.71–2.64), outdoor cooking arrangement (AOR 1.05, 95% CI 0.42–2.62) and an increased number of children under caregiver supervision (≥5 children; AOR 1.32, 95%CI 0.42–2.62) were not predictive of CBI. Conclusions Burns are a common cause of childhood injury in rural Ghana. There may be opportunities to reduce the risk of burn injuries in rural settings by supporting the transition to safer cooking arrangements, child barrier apparatuses (e.g. playpens that separate children from cooking arrangements), and/or health promotion initiatives. Given the high incidence of childhood burn injuries, strategic burn-related healthcare capacity development is also required to limit preventable death and disability. Applicability of Research to Practice These findings, which differ somewhat from similar studies in other LMIC communities, suggest that there is not a one-size-fits-all solution for the prevention of childhood burn injuries. Community-specific and contextually relevant interventions that aim to prevent childhood burn injuries can be identified by results from population-based surveys of injury epidemiology and potentially modifiable risk factors.

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Unintentional Injury Burden in Hong Kong: Results from a Representative Population-Based Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8826

Author(s):

Eric Ho Man Tang ◽

Laura Elizabeth Bedford ◽

Esther Yee Tak Yu ◽

Emily Tsui Yee Tse ◽

Weinan Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Unintentional Injury ◽

Population Level ◽

Population Based ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Unintentional Injuries ◽

Insufficient Sleep ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Disturbed Sleep

Unintentional injuries are major causes of mortality and morbidity. Although generally perceived as accidents, it is possible to identify those at higher risk and implement appropriate prevention measures. This study aims to investigate the common causes of unintentional injuries and their associated risk factors among a large representative sample. Data of 12,022 individuals who completed the Hong Kong Population Health Survey 2014/15 were extracted. The primary outcome was the prevalence of having unintentional injury(-ies) in the previous 12 months that was severe enough to limit daily activities. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associations between injuries and sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle factors. 14.5% of respondents reported episode(s) of unintentional injury in the past 12 months in the population level. The main causes of top three most severe unintentional injuries were sprains (24.0%), falls (19.9%) and being hit/struck (19.6%). 13.2% injury episodes were work-related among the most severe episode. Factors independently associated with significantly higher risks of injury included currently employed, homemaker or student, born in Hong Kong (as compared with immigrants), doctor-diagnosed chronic conditions, harmful alcohol consumption, insufficient sleep, and disturbed sleep. To summarize, unintentional injuries are highly prevalent and associated with harmful drinking, insufficient sleep, and disturbed sleep, which are potential modifiable risk factors for prevention.

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