scholarly journals Youth-friendly HIV self-testing: Acceptability of campus-based oral HIV self-testing among young adult students in Zimbabwe

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253745
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Koris ◽  
Kearsley A. Stewart ◽  
Tiarney D. Ritchwood ◽  
Daniel Mususa ◽  
Getrude Ncube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Youth Friendly

Background Targeted HIV testing strategies are needed to reach remaining undiagnosed people living with HIV and achieve the UNAIDS’ 95-95-95 goals for 2030. HIV self-testing (HIVST) can increase uptake of HIV testing among young people, but user perspectives on novel distribution methods are uncertain. We assess the acceptability, perceived challenges, and recommendations of young adult lay counselor-led campus-based HIVST delivery among tertiary school students aged 18–24 years in Zimbabwe. Methods We purposively sampled participants from an intervention involving campus-based HIVST using lay workers for distribution. We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) among young adults from 10 universities and colleges in Zimbabwe who: (1) self-tested on campus; (2) self-tested off campus; and (3) opted not to self-test. We audio recorded and transcribed all interviews. Using applied thematic analysis, two investigators identified emergent themes and independently coded transcripts, achieving high inter-coder agreement. Results Of the 52 young adults (53.8% male, 46.1% female) interviewed through 26 IDIs and four FGDs, most IDI participants (19/26, 73%) favored campus-based HIVST, describing it as a more autonomous, convenient, and socially acceptable experience than other facility or community-based HIV testing services. Despite general acceptability, participants identified challenges with this delivery model, including: perceived social coercion, insufficient privacy and access to post-test counseling. These challenges influenced some participants to opt against self-testing (6/52, 11.5%). Recommendations for improved implementation included integrating secondary distribution of test kits and increased HIV counseling options into campus-based programs. Conclusions Barriers to HIV testing among young people are numerous and complex. As the number of new HIV infections among youth continue to grow worldwide, targeted strategies and youth friendly approaches that increase access to testing are needed to close the diagnostic coverage gap. This is the first study to describe young adult acceptance of campus-based delivery of HIVST by lay counselors in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Transitioning behaviourally infected HIVpositive young people into adult care: Experiences from the young person’s point of view

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Katusiime ◽  
R Parkes-Ratanshi ◽  
A Kambugu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Transition Clinic

Background. There is limited literature on the transition of young people living with HIV/AIDS (YPLHIV) from adolescent/young adult HIV care to adult HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective. We aimed to share the experiences of HIV-seropositive young adults transitioning into adult care, to inform best practice for such transitioning. Methods. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of the transition of 30 young adults aged ≥25 years from our adolescent/young adult HIV clinic at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, to adult HIV healthcare services between January 2010 and January 2012. Results. Six major themes emerged from the evaluation: (i) adjustment to adult healthcare providers, (ii) the adult clinic logistics, (iii) positive attributes of the adult clinic, (iv) transfer to other health centres, (v) perceived sense of stigma, and (vi) patient-proposed recommendations. A model for transitioning YPLHIV to adult care was proposed. Conclusion. Th ere is a paucity of evidence to inform best practice for transitioning YPLHIV to adult care in resource-limited settings. Ensuring continuity in HIV care and treatment beyond young adult HIV programmes is essential, with provision of enhanced support beyond the transition clinic and youth-friendly approaches by adult-oriented care providers. S Afr J HIV Med 2013;14(1):20-23. DOI:10.7196/SAJHIVMED.885

scholarly journals “I Don’t Want to go for an HIV Test Out of Fear that I Might be Positive”: Barriers and Facilitators to the Uptake of HIV testing Services Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Machinga District, Malawi.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Jasper Sakala ◽  
William Stones
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Testing Services ◽  
Youth Friendly

Abstract Background: While studies generally indicate low utilization of HIV testing services (HTS) by young people in Sub-Saharan Africa, other reports also indicate a worrying HIV burden among the same group, evidenced by a recent trends in new infections. The low uptake of HTS among young people means that for many, new infections remain undiagnosed, hindering public health efforts for disease controlWe aimed to explore the factors that hinder – as well as those that encourage – HIV testing among adolescents and young adults in at individual, interpersonal, community and health system levels in a Malawi district.Methods: 24 In-depth interviews (IDIs) and 4 key-informant interviews (KIIs) were used to collect data, and purposive sampling was used to identify the respondents. IDIs targeted adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years, whereas KIIs targeted HTS and youth-friendly health service (YFHS) providers. Coding and analysis were done using a modified Social-Ecological Framework.Results: Fear of a positive result, poor communication in relationships and families, cultural norms as well as lack of youth-friendly HIV testing services were key barriers to HIV testing. Perceived susceptibility to infection, presence of partner support, availability of community-level youth clubs or support groups, and the provision of HTS through outreach clinics were key facilitators for HIV testing. Conclusions: There is a pressing need for widespread mobile HIV testing at the community level to encourage uptake among young people who fail to visit health facilities for various reasons. Access to HIV self-testing through the distribution of kits at government health facilities is a promising strategy for young people who distrust service providers when it comes to maintaining the confidentiality of their results.

Designing HIV Testing and Self-Testing Services for Young People in Nigeria: A Discrete Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Ong ◽  
Ucheoma Nwaozuru ◽  
Chisom Obiezu-Umeh ◽  
Collins Airhihenbuwa ◽  
Hong Xian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Self Testing

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Peer-Delivered HIV Self-Tests for MSM in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Okoboi ◽  
Barbara Castelnuovo ◽  
Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden ◽  
Oucul Lazarus ◽  
Lung Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: Distribution of HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits through MSM peer networks is a novel and effective strategy to increase HIV testing coverage in this high-risk population. No study has evaluated the cost or cost effectiveness of peer distribution of HIVST strategies among MSM in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: From June to August 2018, we conducted a pilot study of secondary MSM peer HIVST kit distribution at The AIDS Support Organization at Entebbe and Masaka. We used an ingredients approach to estimate the cost of MSM peer HIVST kit distribution relative to standard-of-care (SOC) hotspot testing using programme expenditure data reported in US dollars. The provider perspective was used to estimate incremental cost-effective ratios per HIV infection averted using the difference in HIV annual transmission rates between MSM with HIV who knew their status and were not virologically suppressed and MSM with HIV who did not know their status.Results: We enrolled 297 participants of whom 150 received MSM peer HIVST kit distribution (intervention group) and 147 received TASO standard of care HIV testing (control group). Provider cost for the intervention was $2,276 compared with $1,827 for SOC during the 3-month study period. Overall, the intervention resulted in higher HIV positivity yield (4.9 vs. 1.4%) and averted more HIV infections per quarter (0.364 vs. 0.104) compared with SOC. The cost per person tested was higher for the intervention compared to SOC ($15.90 vs. $12.40). Importantly, the cost per new HIV diagnosis ($325 vs. $914) and cost per transmission averted ($6,253 vs. $ 17,567) were lower for the intervention approach relative to SOC. The incremental cost per HIV transmission averted by the self-testing program was $1,727. The incremental cost to providers per additional HIV-positive person identified by the intervention was $147.30.Conclusion: The intervention strategy was cost-effective, and identified more undiagnosed HIV infections than SOC hotspot testing at a cost-effectiveness threshold of US $2,129. Secondary distribution of HIVST kits through peers should further be evaluated with longer duration aimed at diagnosing 95% of all persons with HIV by 2030; the first UNAIDS 95-95-95 target.

scholarly journals Broken society, anti-social contracts, failing state? Rethinking youth marginality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Squires ◽  
Carlie Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Liberal Approach

Peter Squires and Carlie Goldsmith examine social exclusion of youth and the conservative the ideology of the ‘broken society.’ They address young people’s hardship and marginality through a critical analysis of neo-liberal political ideology. They that young adult ‘quality of life’ has diminished as a result of ‘tough justice’ and punitive welfare policies. They question the neo-liberal approach to young adults with its focus on risk and compliance measures while young people receive sanctions, disciplines and punishments.

Social networks and the employment of young people leaving care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Shang ◽  
Karen R. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Job Placement ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Transitions

This chapter illustrates how most young people in Chinese state care become state wards as very young children and have disabilities. When they reach adulthood, many of them remain unemployed. Before the economic transitions in the 1980s, the government provided most of these young people with jobs when they became young adults, or they gained employment in welfare enterprises with tax concessions to employ people with disabilities. After the economic transition, however, many welfare factories reduced their employees or closed down, and state directives for job placement were dismantled. The chapter shows how job placement for young adult orphans has become a challenge for child welfare institutions, and a bottleneck for the support of new children entering state care.

scholarly journals Formative research to inform the development of a peer-led HIV self-testing intervention to improve HIV testing uptake and linkage to HIV care among adolescents, young people and adult men in Kasensero fishing community, Rakai, Uganda: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph K. B. Matovu ◽  
Aminah Nambuusi ◽  
Scovia Nakabirye ◽  
Rhoda K. Wanyenze ◽  
David Serwadda
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
Hiv Testing Services ◽  
Linkage To Hiv Care

Abstract Background Despite efforts to improve HIV testing and linkage to HIV care among adolescents, young people and adult men, uptake rates remain below global targets. We conducted formative research to generate data necessary to inform the design of a peer-led HIV self-testing (HIVST) intervention intended to improve HIV testing uptake and linkage to HIV care in Kasensero fishing community in rural Uganda. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in three study communities in Kasensero fishing community in Rakai district, Uganda, in May 2019. Six single-sex focus group discussions (FGDs) comprising 7–8 participants were conducted with adolescents and young people (15–24 years) and adult men (25+ years). We collected data on people’s perceptions about peer-led HIVST; potential acceptability of a peer-led HIVST intervention and suggestions on how to improve linkage to HIV care after a positive HIVST result. Peer-led HIVST was defined as an approach where trained lay people distribute HIVST kits to other people in the community. FGDs were audio-recorded with permission from the participants, transcribed verbatim and analysed manually following a thematic framework approach. Results Forty-seven participants (31 men and 16 women) participated in the FGDs. Across communities and age-groups, most participants mentioned that peer-led HIVST would be generally acceptable to people in the fishing community but people will need support in performing the test due to fear of performing the test wrongly or failing to cope with HIV-positive results. Most participants felt that peer-led HIVST would bring HIV testing services closer to the community “because [the peer-leader] could be my immediate neighbour”, making it easier for people to obtain the kits at any time of their convenience. To improve linkage to HIV care, participants felt that the use of peer-leaders to deliver the initial ART dose to self-tested HIV-positive individuals would be more preferable to the use of community-based ART groups or home-based ART initiation. Conclusion Our study shows that peer-led HIVST is potentially acceptable in the fishing community. These findings suggest that this approach can improve uptake of HIV testing and linkage to HIV care services among populations that are usually missed through conventional HIV testing services.

Ethical Problems of Young-Adult Genre and Book Video Bloging, As Formation of a Reading Circle in Modern Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
E. Boyarshinova
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Adult Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

This paper examines the history and current state of literature for teenagers. In modern criticism young-adult genre stands out in literature for adolescents. An introductory excursion into the history of the concept of “young adults” and literature for this category of readers is given. Criticism of such works is considered by video bloggers who place their clips on Youtube platform. It is analyzed whether these responses affect the book market conditions. According to the most conservative estimates, more than half of the literature published by major publishers is Young-adult books. They are read not only by teenagers, but also by adults who want to immerse themselves in their youth. The theme of Young-adult literature is serious and multifaceted. It attracted both professional authors, whose works become real literary events, and young, non-professional authors. The study of these works is important from the point of view of studying the sociology of teenage life, to understand what young people live, what problems are reflected in such works, albeit in a crooked mirror.

scholarly journals Barriers to HIV Testing Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): Experiences from Clark County, Nevada

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Pharr ◽  
Nancy L. Lough ◽  
Echezona E. Ezeanolue
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Clark County ◽  
Young Msm ◽  
Fear Of Rejection ◽  
Sex With Men

<p>Clark County, Nevada had a 52% increase in newly diagnosed HIV infections in young people age 13-24 with 83% of the new diagnoses in this age group being men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV testing and counseling is critical for HIV prevention, care and treatment, yet young people are the least likely to seek HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to HIV testing experienced by young MSM in Clark County, Nevada.<strong> </strong>We conducted a qualitative focus group discussion to identify barriers and facilitators to HIV testing among eleven young MSM in March, 2015. The primary barrier to HIV testing identified by the group was a lack of awareness or knowledge about testing for HIV. Other barriers within the person included: fear of results, fear of rejection, and fear of disclosure. Barriers identified within the environment included: access issues, stigma, and unfriendly test environments for young people. In addition to increasing awareness, intervention to increase HIV testing among MSM young people should incorporate access to testing in environments where the adolescents are comfortable and which reduces stigma. HIV testing sites should be convenient, accessible and young person/gay friendly.</p>

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