scholarly journals Examining and investigating the impact of demographic characteristics and chronic diseases on mortality of COVID-19: Retrospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257131
Author(s):  
Abbas Al Mutair ◽  
Alya Al Mutairi ◽  
Saad Alhumaid ◽  
Syed Maaz Abdullah ◽  
Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background Epidemiological features characterization of COVID-19 is highly important for developing and implementing effective control measures. In Saudi Arabia mortality rate varies between 0.6% to 1.26%. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether demographic characteristics (age and gender) and non-communicable diseases (Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus) have a significant association with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods Prior to data collection, an expedite approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB Log No: RC. RC20.09.10) in Al Habib Research Center at Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective design where we used descriptive and inferential analysis to analyse the data. Binary logistic regression was done to study the association between comorbidities and mortality of COVID-19. Results 43 (86%) of the male patients were non-survivors while 7 (14%) of the female patients were survivors. The odds of non-survivors among hypertensive patients are 3.56 times higher than those who are not having a history of Hypertension (HTN). The odds of non-survivors among diabetic patients are 5.17 times higher than those who are not having a history of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The odds of non-survivors are 2.77 times higher among those who have a history of HTN and DM as compared to those who did not have a history of HTN and DM. Conclusions Those patients that had a history of Hypertension and Diabetes had a higher probability of non-survival in contrast to those who did not have a history of Diabetes and hypertension. Further studies are required to study the association of comorbidities with COVID-19 and mortality.

scholarly journals Examining and Investigating the Impact of Demographic Characteristics and Chronic Disease with Mortality of COVID-19: Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Al Mutair ◽  
Alya Al Mutairi ◽  
Saad Alhumaid ◽  
Syed Maaz Abdullah ◽  
Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Retrospective Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has burdened hospitals globally and there is currently no proven treatment available. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether demographic characteristics (age and gender) and non-communicable diseases (hypertension and diabetes mellitus) have a significant association with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a retrospective design where we used descriptive and inferential analysis have been employed to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression was done to study the connection between comorbidities and mortality of COVID-19. Results: 43 (86%) of the male patients were non-survivors while 7 (14%) of the female patients were survivors. The odds of non-survivors among hypertensive patients are 3.56 times higher than those who are not having a history of hypertension (HTN). The odds of non-survivors among diabetic patients are 5.17 times higher than those who are not having a history of diabetes (DM). The odds of non-survivors are 2.77 times higher among those who have a history of HTN and DM as compared to those who did not have a history of HTN and DM.Conclusions: Those patients that had a history of hypertension and diabetes had a higher probability of non-survival in contrast to those who did not have a history of diabetes and hypertension. Further studies are required to study the association of comorbidities with COVID-19 and mortality.

122 In Patients with Lower Extremity Burns and Osteomyelitis, Diabetes Mellitus Increases Amputation Rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S81-S82
Author(s):  
Kathleen A Iles ◽  
Lori Chrisco ◽  
Stephen Heisler ◽  
Booker King ◽  
Felicia N Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical comorbidity with burn injury due to the disrupted healing process. Previous reports have confirmed the increased rate of osteomyelitis (OM) and subsequent amputation in this cohort, however this has yet to be studied in comparison to non-diabetic patients. In this retrospective analysis, we investigate OM and amputation in both the diabetic and non-diabetic lower extremity burn populations to determine the impact of DM on these outcomes. Methods The burn registry was used to identify all patients admitted to our tertiary burn center from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. Only patients with lower extremity burns (foot and/or ankle) were included. Patients with burns to additional body areas were excluded. Amputations were categorized by time from injury. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test, chi-squared test, and Fischer’s exact test. Results Of the 315 patients identified, 103 had a known diagnosis of DM and 212 did not. Scald injury was the most common mechanism and average TBSA was similar. Differences were observed in average length of stay (LOS) and admission cost, with diabetics demonstrating both a higher LOS (13.7 days vs 9.2 days, p-value= 0.0016) and cost ($72,883 vs $50,500, p-value= 0.0058) (Table 1). In total, 17 patients were found to have radiologically confirmed OM within three months of the burn injury. Fifteen of these patients had a history of DM and two had no history of DM (p-value= < 0.001) (Table 2). The DM OM patients were found to have a higher blood glucose level on admission (219 mg/dL vs 110 mg/dL, p-value= 0.0452). No significant difference was seen in Hgb A1c in diabetics with or without OM (9.26% vs 8.81%, p= 0.2743). Notably, when non-diabetics were diagnosed with OM, significant differences were observed in both LOS and cost in comparison to their counterparts without OM (36 days vs 9 days; p= 0.0003; $226,289 vs $48,818, p=0.0001). Of the 11 patients who required an amputation, 10 (90.9%) of these patients had comorbid DM. Conclusions DM patients with lower extremity burns are more likely to develop OM than their non-diabetic counterparts. When radiologically confirmed OM is present, DM patients have an increased rate of amputation. OM incurs significant healthcare utilization and cost in both the diabetic and non-diabetic populations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Unenhanced Computed Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Huda Osama ◽  
Afraa Siddig ◽  
Awadia Gareeballah ◽  
Moawia Gameraddin ◽  
Hanady Elyas Osman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ct Attenuation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Chronic liver disease occurs due to different etiologies. Most diabetic patients are unaware that the effective control of hyperglycemia might reduce complications and mortality rates. Fatty liver disease is considered a risk factor of hepatic cirrhosis and cancers. Methods and Results: We conducted a case-control study to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the liver using a CT scan. A total of 100 patients with T2DM and 96 non-diabetic patients as a control group were selected using a convenient sampling method. There was a significant difference in liver attenuation in diabetic and control groups. The CT attenuation values of the liver, pancreas, and spleen were significantly lower in patients with T2DM than in non-diabetics (P<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of T2DM and CT attenuation of the liver, pancreas, and spleen (P<0.01). Conclusion: The CT attenuation of the liver was significantly lower in T2DM than in the non-diabetic patients, and liver attenuation decreased as the duration of T2DM increased.

scholarly journals Kidney Indices and Serum Electrolytes of Diabetic Patients Attending Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Aishatu Bello ◽  
Ibrahim Abubakar ◽  
Sadisu Abubakar ◽  
Sani Adamu Manga ◽  
Modu Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
And Gender

Glucose levels in the blood are elevated because the pancreas' b-cells produce less insulin or are more resistant to the hormone's effects. Diabetes mellitus is a persistent metabolic condition. Insulin is linked to long-term difficulties in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The objective of this study was to determine kidney indices and serum electrolytes of diabetic patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State. In total, A total of 240 subjects were used for the analysis (200 diabetic and 40 control subjects) and were divided based on their ages and gender Face to face inter-view was used to collect the data and other possible clinical data associated with diabetes mellitus. Fasting venous blood sample was collected to assess serum kidney indices, weight and height were recorded. The result shows individual kidney abnormalities of elevated serum creatinine and urea, elevated level of chloride and reduced sodium and bicarbonate level, according to gender and age groups. Gender, aging, higher body mass indexes (BMI), kidney indices abnormalities and electrolytes imbalance, were the risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus that led to diabetic nephropathy which can increase morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Effective control of blood sugar can stop or prevent the progression of diabetes mellitus to all these complications.

Glucose Levels and Outcome After Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Ruiqi Chen ◽  
Chao You ◽  
Lu Ma ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose: Hyperglycemia is reported to be associated with poor outcome in patients with spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH), but the association between blood glucose level and outcomes in Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage (PIVH) remains unclear. We sought to identify the parameters associated with admission hyperglycemia and analyze the impact of hyperglycemia on clinical outcome in patients with PIVH. Methods: Patients admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital with PIVH between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively included in our study. Clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of poor outcomes. Results: One hundred and seventy patients were included in the analysis. Mean admission blood glucose level was 7.78±2.73 mmol/L and 10 patients (5.9%) had a history of diabetes mellitus. History of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.01; Odds Ratio [OR], 9.10; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.64 to 50.54) was independent predictor of admission critical hyperglycemia defined at 8.17 mmol/L. Patients with admission critical hyperglycemia poorer outcome at discharge (P < 0.001) and 90 days (P < 0.001). After adjustment, admission blood glucose was significantly associated with discharge (P = 0.01; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) and 90-day poor outcomes (P = 0.03; OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.58), as well as mortality at 90 days (P = 0.005; OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.78). In addition, admission critical hyperglycemia showed significantly increased the incidence rate of pneumonia in PIVH (P = 0.02; OR, 6.04; 95% CI 1.27 to 28.80) even after adjusting for the confounders. Conclusion: Admission blood glucose after PIVH is associated with discharge and 90-day poor outcomes, as well as mortality at 90 days. Admission hyperglycemia significantly increases the incidence rate of pneumonia in PIVH.

Current Status of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Ahmad Dakeel Al Awad ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and the complications may be life-threatening; however, with proper treatment and control measures, it can be very well-managed. Self-management training and education of diabetes are critical in diabetes care and management. It is essential that patients with diabetes must have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the disease, risk factors, complications, and possible treatment modalities to attenuate the complications. Over the last few years, DM in Saudi Arabia has been rapidly growing at an alarming rate. It has affected around one-fifth of the adult population, and by 2030, the numbers are predicted to rise further and exceed more than double the present number. An estimated tenfold increase has been reported over the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, there has not been much research focusing on understanding the knowledge and awareness of DM in Saudi Arabia as compared to developed nations. This review aims to present an overview of the current knowledge and awareness level of DM among the population of Saudi Arabia through an extensive review of the currently available literature. The review findings could be of immense assistance to the government, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and researchers to develop evidence-based programs, policies, and guidelines towards increasing the knowledge and awareness about diabetes and its management, so that early detection and management can be ensured to control the escalating burden of diabetes, in Saudi Arabia.

Characterizing the effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation measures: A data-centric approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Olagoke ◽  
Ahmet E. Topcu
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND COVID-19 represents a serious threat to both national health and economic systems. To curb this pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a series of COVID-19 public safety guidelines. Different countries around the world initiated different measures in line with the WHO guidelines to mitigate and investigate the spread of COVID-19 in their territories. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of these control measures using a data-centric approach. METHODS We begin with a simple text analysis of coronavirus-related articles and show that reports on similar outbreaks in the past strongly proposed similar control measures. This reaffirms the fact that these control measures are in order. Subsequently, we propose a simple performance statistic that quantifies general performance and performance under the different measures that were initiated. A density based clustering of based on performance statistic was carried out to group countries based on performance. RESULTS The performance statistic helps evaluate quantitatively the impact of COVID-19 control measures. Countries tend show variability in performance under different control measures. The performance statistic has negative correlation with cases of death which is a useful characteristics for COVID-19 control measure performance analysis. A web-based time-line visualization that enables comparison of performances and cases across continents and subregions is presented. CONCLUSIONS The performance metric is relevant for the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 control measures. This can help caregivers and policymakers identify effective control measures and reduce cases of death due to COVID-19. The interactive web visualizer provides easily digested and quick feedback to augment decision-making processes in the COVID-19 response measures evaluation. CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable

scholarly journals Casa de la Asegurada: A Collective Housing Facility for Women Development in Mexico

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Lucía Martín López ◽  
Rodrigo Durán López
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Mexican Families ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
Mexican Architecture ◽  
The Impact

While several women’s movements that aimed to modify their relationship with public space were taking place across the world, in 1956, the Mexican Social Security Institute founded the program Casa de la Asegurada, the subject of this study, as a tool for improving the social security of Mexican families through the input of cultural, social, artistic, and hygienic knowledge for women. The program’s facilities, Casas de la Asegurada, are located in the large Mexican housing complexes, articulating themselves to the existing city. Despite the impact on the lives of Mexican families, these have been ignored throughout the history of Mexican architecture. The main objective of this paper is to show the state of the art of Casa de la Asegurada and its facilities located in Mexico City. To achieve this, the greatest number available of primary sources on the topic was compiled through archive and document research. Sources were classified identifying information gaps to explain, in three different scales (program, facilities, and a case study), how they work through their objectives, performed activities, and evolved through time, so that the gathered information is analyzed with an urbanistic, architectural, and gender approach to contribute new ideas in the building of facilities that allow women empowerment.

scholarly journals Characteristics of visits and predictors of admission from a paediatric emergency room in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani ◽  
Abdullah A. Yousef ◽  
Bassam H. Awary ◽  
Waleed H. Albuali ◽  
Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Emergency Repartment (ER) is one of the most used areas in healthcare institutions. Problems with over utilisation and overcrowding have been reported worldwide. This study aims at examining the characteristics of paediatric ER visits, the rate of hospital admissions and its associated predictors at King Fahd Hospital of the University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a retrospective, medical record-based study. Variables included gender, age group, nationality, complaints, Triage level, shifts and seasons. Descriptive statistics were reported as frequencies/percentages. P-values were obtained through a Chi-Squared test while unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were estimated by binary logistic regression, where admission was considered as the outcome. Results The total number of paediatric patients included was 46,374, and only 2.5% were admitted. Males comprised 55.4% while females comprised 44.6%. The most common age group were toddlers, and 92.4% of the total sample were Saudis. The most common complaint was fever (26.9%) followed by respiratory symptoms (24.9%). Only 7 patients (0.02%) were classified as triage I (Resuscitation), and most were triage IV (Less urgent) (71.0%). Most visits occurred during the winter months. Adjusted ORs showed that neonates had higher odds of admission (OR = 3.85, 95%CI = 2.57–5.76). Moreover, those presenting with haematological conditions showed an OR of 65.49 (95%CI = 47.85–89.64), followed by endocrine conditions showing an OR of 34.89 (95%CI = 23.65–51.47). Triage I had a very high odds of admission (OR = 19.02, 95%CI = 2.70–133.76), whereas triage V was associated with a very low odds of admission (OR = 0.30, 95%CI = 0.23–0.38). Conclusions A low rate of hospital admission was found in comparison with other rates worldwide. This was mostly attributed to an alarmingly high number of non-urgent ER visits. This further emphasises the problem with improper use of ER services, as these cases should be more appropriately directed towards primary healthcare centres. Further studies to examine the impact of prioritising patients in the ER based on the identified predictors of hospital admission, in addition to the standard triage system, are suggested.

Adjuvant Supplementation with L-Carnitine in Diabetic Population and its effects on Lipid Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2017-2019
Author(s):  
Rao Salman Aziz ◽  
Usman Saeed ◽  
Nasim Aslam Ghumman ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Asif Sohail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Large Discount ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Background: Diabetes is a complicated disease requires continuous clinical care, to govern blood sugar. Aim: To decides the impact of management of L carentin to diabetics at the lipid profile. Methods: This study turned into performed on 120 diabetic Patients had been decided on from endocrinology and diabetes, inside decided on standards. The Patients distributed into three Strata (1st Strata of healthy population and two Strata of patients with diabetes who were on metformin and glibenclamide, one Strata took a L carnitine in a dose of 1000 mg TDS and a Strata dealing with a placebo for a period of ninety days). Results: It is observed those who are on Lcarnitine, confirmed a large discount (p <0.05) with inside the triglyceride level, at the same time as no large adjustments had been located withinside the level of cholesterol and HDL and LDL. Conclusion: These study outcomes that management of L carentin improved profile of lipid in type-2diabetic Patients. Keyword: Dyslipidemia, Diabetes mellitus (DM), l-carnitine (LC).

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