scholarly journals Evolution of industrial diversification and its determinants in West Germany: Evidence from population data of enterprises

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259352
Author(s):  
Sandra Kublina ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Industrial Diversification ◽  
German Regions ◽  
Industry Diversification ◽  
The Evolution Of Industry ◽  
Unrelated Variety

Germany is among the largest countries in the world in terms of total GDP, owing largely to rapid industrialization and expansion of economic activities into several sectors. This paper contributes to the literature on German economic development by investigating the evolution of industry diversification in Germany; particularly focusing on the recent concepts of related (RV) and unrelated variety (UV) in West German regions. It also identifies the statistical and economic determinants of variation in variety over time. Among several industry structure measures; RV is the only measure that reveals a pronounced increasing trend. Since RV is composed of two parts: 1) entropy at five-digit within a two-digit classification, and 2) shares of two-digit sectors in total output, we examined which of the two components dominate. Our findings suggest that the entropy component within two-digit sectoral shares of the RV index is more dominant than the two-digit sectoral shares themselves. We further examined entries and exits of the firms among regions with top and bottom rankings in RV. Findings suggest that both the top and bottom regions experienced an increase in the total number of industries, however, exits were much less pronounced in the bottom regions. It suggests that an increase in variety among top regions is the result of the creative destruction type effect where new industries force inefficient old industries to leave the region. Finally, analysis shows support for the inverse u-shaped relationship between development and diversification.

Making statistical maps

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
John C. Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statistical Map

How many elementary students become involved to some degree with statistical maps? Probably most of them do, since density and distribution concepts taught in the arithmetic program are supplemented with statistical maps found in social studies texts. A distribution or statistical map may convey information about resources, economic activities, or population data. In the past, excessive use of pictorial detail sometimes detracted from the effectiveness of these maps. How often the student bas been bewildered by a clutter of steers' heads here, a shock of corn there, and a general hodgepodge of symbols! Three standard cartographic techniques used in the construction of distribution maps will be illustrated and discussed here. There are many others—one-, two- and three-dimensional.

Human Capital Model as a Strategy for Development of Weaving Home Industry in Sambas District of West Kalimantan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Jamaliah Jamaliah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Human Capital Model

Objective - Goals of economic development is to increase economic growth, increase employment opportunity, equalize income distribution, and increase standard of living which will reach out community welfare. Therefore, to achieve all those goals, programs which can enhance economic activities with high intensity are needed. It will create more job opportunities and higher income, which mean poverty can be minimalized. One of the efforts to increase economic growth and public income is to develop human capital. The research is aimed to create the development of human capital model which includes training, skill, experience, and other supports particularly creativity and innovation and regarding enhancing welfare of weaving industry's workers. Methodology/Technique - This research used quantitative and qualitative methods with primary and secondary data which were taken by interviews, questionnaires, and observation. The research took place in several villages/districts in Sambas Regency, those were Jagur, Tumuk Manggis, Tanjung Mekar, Sumber Harapan, and Sajad districts. Considering that population data was not available accurately, respondents were selected based on purposive method and was adapted with the research goal. Findings - The research showed that human capital model to develop weaving industry was very likely to be done through comprehensive development by stakeholders in Sambas Regency (government and public figures), higher education institutions, and companies (business group) so that labour income could increase. Novelty - This developed model, then, is one of means that can be used to improve welfare of weaving industrial workers so that it can be new finding for human capital theory development. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Human Capital, Household Weaving Industry Development, Stakeholders. JEL Classification: J01, J08, R11.

Main Priorities of the Russian Chemistry Diversification

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
D. Lomovcev ◽  
M. Kizimov ◽  
P. Shevarin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industry Diversification

There foreign economic activities of domestic chemical industry are considering in the article. There the prerequisites of the industry diversification are revealed, the enhancement priorities of the industry structure are marked. The authors outline main phases of the chemistry diversification in Russian present-day conditions.

Chapter V. The World Economy

1968 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Major Industrial Country ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Industrial Expansion ◽  
The World ◽  
National Output

Economic growth in the industrial countries was less in 1967 than in any year since 1958. Their industrial production rose by only about 2 per cent and their total output by about 3 per cent. The slowing down was most marked in North America and West Germany, but Japan was the only major industrial country to maintain (and indeed improve upon) the previous year's rate of industrial expansion or to achieve a significantly bigger increase in total national output.

“If in doubt, count”: the role of community-driven enumerations in blocking eviction in Old Fadama, Accra

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braimah R Farouk ◽  
Mensah Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Population Data ◽  
City Government ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
City Governments ◽  
New City

This paper describes the community-driven enumerations undertaken in Old Fadama, the largest informal settlement in Accra, which has long been threatened with eviction. After meeting with members of shack dweller federations from other nations, residents formed the Ghana Homeless People’s Federation in 2003 (now known as the Ghana Federation of the Urban Poor (GHAFUP). Together with the NGO People’s Dialogue on Human Settlements, they supported the first community-driven enumeration in Old Fadama in 2004 to counter the threat of eviction, by showing the large scale of economic activities in the community and the gap in accurate population data. This was followed by further enumerations, in 2006–2007 and in 2009, to counter new eviction threats from new city governments. These enumerations increased the residents’ confidence, empowering them in terms of engagement with city government. They also changed government’s perspective on informal settlements and helped shape policy away from forced evictions towards participatory relocations or rehabilitation.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1975 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

The recession had probably reached its trough by the middle of the year. Total output in the United States hardly changed in the second quarter and the industrial component began to rise slightly in June, while in Japan industrial production has been increasing since March. On the other hand it now appears that in a number of other industrial countries, notably France and West Germany, output in the early months of the year was substantially lower than we suggested in May and the decline in OECD's aggregate GDP will probably be of the order of 2–2½ per cent for 1975 as a whole. In 1976 we now expect an increase of nearly 5 per cent.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND INTERNAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN ROMANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor YASKAL ◽  
Liviu-George MAHA ◽  
Oksana PETRASHCHAK
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Internal Integration

This paper aims to consider two tendencies in economy simultaneously: internal integration within the country and localization of economic activities. Firstly, we examine the quantitative measurement of internal economic integration in Romania. Different methods of economic integration measuring have been developed over time, so we have defined and discussed three approaches. To estimate a level of internal integration the link between the region's share in the total output and production factors was estimated and the pattern of distribution of these shares among the regions of Romania was assessed. The calculations have underlined an increasing tendency to deepen the internal economic integration of the Romanian economy. Secondly, the analysis of spatial distribution of economic activity has demonstrated that the capital region Bucharest-Ilfov concentrates the biggest share of employment and production. This indicates that initially there were higher economic activities and a labor deficit has been created, which was later covered by moving employees from other regions. As a result, the capital region concentrates 14.35% of the civil economically active population and 26.78% of the regional gross domestic product in 2014. By computing the location coefficient, we have observed that the counties with the biggest shares in the total GDP are characterized by a higher level of specialization simultaneously in many sectors.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of Economic and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Entrepreneurship Across German Regions

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Mrożewski
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
German Regions ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Entrepreneurship is fundamental for a country's economic development through its positive effect on innovation, productivity growth, and job creation. In entrepreneurial research, one of the most important problems is to define the factors that actually determine entrepreneurial action. This study analyzes that question in the case of Germany by taking an aggregated approach that focuses on socio-demographic and economic determinants of regional entrepreneurship. Based on a literature review of German and international regional-level research, six hypotheses are developed and empirically tested using the most recent available data on 385 German regions as units of analysis. The results are surprising. In the case of household income, unemployment, education and marital status the relationship is significant but contrary to earlier research. Only regional age structure seems to be a stable predictor of regional entrepreneurship. The results indicate that in recent years there was a major shift in the determinants and characteristics of entrepreneurship in Germany.

scholarly journals The socio-economic determinants of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Stojkoski ◽  
Zoran Utkovski ◽  
Petar Jolakoski ◽  
Dragan Tevdovski ◽  
Ljupco Kocarev
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Active Debate

AbstractThe magnitude of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has an enormous impact on the social life and the economic activities in almost every country in the world. Besides the biological and epidemiological factors, a multitude of social and economic criteria also govern the extent of the coronavirus disease spread in the population. Consequently, there is an active debate regarding the critical socio-economic determinants that contribute to the resulting pandemic. In this paper, we contribute towards the resolution of the debate by leveraging Bayesian model averaging techniques and country level data to investigate the potential of 35 determinants, describing a diverse set of socio-economic characteristics, in explaining the coronavirus pandemic outcome.

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