scholarly journals Plant interactions control the carbon distribution of Dodonaea viscosa in karst regions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260337
Author(s):  
Genzhu Wang ◽  
Guoyong Tang ◽  
Danbo Pang ◽  
Yuguo Liu ◽  
Long Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Area Index ◽  
C Storage

Biomass and carbon (C) distribution are suggested as strategies of plant responses to resource stress. Understanding the distribution patterns of biomass and C is the key to vegetation restoration in fragile ecosystems, however, there is limited understanding of the intraspecific biomass and C distributions of shrubs resulting from plant interactions in karst areas. In this study, three vegetation restoration types, a Dodonaea viscosa monoculture (DM), a Eucalyptus maideni and D. viscosa mixed-species plantation (EDP) and a Pinus massoniana and D. viscosa mixed-species plantation (PDP), were selected to determine the effects of plant interactions on the variations in the C distributions of D. viscosa among the three vegetation restoration types following 7 years of restoration. The results showed that: (1) plant interactions decreased the leaf biomass fraction. The interaction of P. massoniana and D. viscosa decreased the branch biomass fraction and increased the stem and root biomass fraction, but not the interaction of E. maideni and D. viscosa. Plant interactions changed the C concentrations of stems and roots rather than those of leaves and branches. (2) Plant interactions affected the soil nutrients and forest characteristics significantly. Meanwhile, the biomass distribution was affected by soil total nitrogen, clumping index and gap fraction; the C concentrations were influenced by the leaf area index and soil total phosphorus. (3) The C storage proportions of all the components correlated significantly with the proportion of biomass. Our results suggested that both the biomass distribution and C concentration of D. viscosa were affected by plant interactions, however, the biomass fraction not the C concentration determines the C storage fraction characteristics for D. viscosa.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity In Medicinal Plants Of Sirumalai Hills, Eastern Ghats And Their Role In Melia Dubia Cav

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhoshkumar S ◽  
Nagarajan N
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Microbial World ◽  
Melia Dubia ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

The microbial World is the largest unexplored reservoir of biodiversity on earth. Interest in the exploration of microbial diversity has been promoted by the fact that a microbe performs numerous functions essential for the biosphere that include nutrient cycle and environmental detoxification. Notably, under natural circumstances, plants frequently interact with microbes,which directly arbitrate plant responses to environmental adversities. Some microbe-plant interactions lead to a mitigation of stress-related damages and improvement of plant tolerance to stressful conditions. As a crucial element of soils, microbes are an integral part of the agricultural ecosystem.

scholarly journals Spectral and spatial information from a novel dual-wavelength full-waveform terrestrial laser scanner for forest ecology

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20170049 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mark Danson ◽  
Fadal Sasse ◽  
Lucy A. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Dual Wavelength ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Wide Range

The Salford Advanced Laser Canopy Analyser (SALCA) is an experimental terrestrial laser scanner designed and built specifically to measure the structural and biophysical properties of forest canopies. SALCA is a pulsed dual-wavelength instrument with co-aligned laser beams recording backscattered energy at 1063 and 1545 nm; it records full-waveform data by sampling the backscattered energy at 1 GHz giving a range resolution of 150 mm. The finest angular sampling resolution is 1 mrad and around 9 million waveforms are recorded over a hemisphere above the tripod-mounted scanner in around 110 min. Starting in 2010, data pre-processing and calibration approaches, data analysis and information extraction methods were developed and a wide range of field experiments conducted. The overall objective is to exploit the spatial, spectral and temporal characteristics of the data to produce ecologically useful information on forest and woodland canopies including leaf area index, plant area volume density and leaf biomass, and to explore the potential for tree species identification and classification. This paper outlines the key challenges in instrument development, highlights the potential applications for providing new data for forest ecology, and describes new avenues for exploring information-rich data from the next generation of terrestrial laser scanners instruments like SALCA.

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Nematode–Plant Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Hewezi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Plant Nematode

Epigenetic mechanisms play fundamental roles in regulating numerous biological processes in various developmental and environmental contexts. Three highly interconnected epigenetic control mechanisms, including small noncoding RNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifications, contribute to the establishment of plant epigenetic profiles. During the past decade, a growing body of experimental work has revealed the intricate, diverse, and dynamic roles that epigenetic modifications play in plant–nematode interactions. In this review, I summarize recent progress regarding the functions of small RNAs in mediating plant responses to infection by cyst and root-knot nematodes, with a focus on the functions of microRNAs. I also recapitulate recent advances in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and discuss how cyst nematodes induce extensive and dynamic changes in the plant methylome that impact the transcriptional activity of genes and transposable elements. Finally, the potential role of nematode effector proteins in triggering such epigenome changes is discussed.

scholarly journals Production of lettuce in NFT hydroponic system at different planting seasons and irrigation regimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1042-1047
Author(s):  
Cláudio Silva Soares ◽  
Alde Cleber Silva de Lima ◽  
Jeneilson Alves da Silva ◽  
Marina Suenia de Araújo Vilar ◽  
André Luiz Pereira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Calcium Iron

Hydroponics has drawn huge interests by Brazilians in semi-arid regions due to the lack of water and fertilizer use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of lettuce cultivars in the hydroponic system in two planting seasons and different irrigation regimes. The research was carried out in Campus II / UEPB and followed a 2 x 6 x 3 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, represented by two planting seasons (the summer and the winter), six lettuce cultivars (Elba, Great Lakes, Mimosa Rose, Simpson, American, Cristina), three irrigation regimes (15 min, 30 min, 45 min) and five replications. The hydroponic system used was the NFT. For nutrition, Hidrogood Fert® solution (Compound + Calcium + Iron) was applied. At the 40th day after sowing, green and dry leaf biomass, green stem biomass, leaf area, leaf area index and productivity were analyzed. After that, the variance analysis was performed by the F-test for 5% of probability and the Scott-Knott test for comparison of the averages. The high temperatures caused very small growth in the stem of the Simpson cultivars, independent of the irrigation regime used. Besides the highlight of the American cultivars, the other cultivars presented satisfactory performance in the climatic conditions of Lagoa Seca / PB.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Irrigation on Biometric Growth, Physiological Response, and Essential Oil of Mentha spicata (L.)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino ◽  
Ahmad ◽  
Ferreira ◽  
Alvino
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Area Index

A field experiment was performed on spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) under different irrigation regimes in a hilly area of Southern Italy. Objectives of the study include evaluating the physiological and biometrical response of mint from plant establishment up to its complete maturation, as well as the yield composition in essential oil at two different dates. Increasing levels of water stress affected later developing leaves and plant’s water status and net photosynthesis (from the beginning of stress (DAT 63), while affecting negatively the biometric response very soon and significantly from 35 DAT. Photosynthesis limitation played a critical role from DAT 53 on, namely later, in the harvest period (DAT 35–70). Under severe water stress, crop restricted water losses by modulating stomatal closure and, at harvest, showing lowered mesophyll conductance. Irrigation treatments did not affect the concentration of organic compounds, while the yield of essential oils was negatively affected by water stress due to reduced crop growth, in terms of total and leaf biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and crop height.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Morphophysiological Effects, and Proteomic Responses of Crop Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahed Hossain ◽  
Farhat Yasmeen ◽  
Setsuko Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Proteomic Techniques

Plant cells are frequently challenged with a wide range of adverse environmental conditions that restrict plant growth and limit the productivity of agricultural crops. Rapid development of nanotechnology and unsystematic discharge of metal containing nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment pose a serious threat to the ecological receptors including plants. Engineered nanoparticles are synthesized by physical, chemical, biological, or hybrid methods. In addition, volcanic eruption, mechanical grinding of earthquake-generating faults in Earth’s crust, ocean spray, and ultrafine cosmic dust are the natural source of NPs in the atmosphere. Untying the nature of plant interactions with NPs is fundamental for assessing their uptake and distribution, as well as evaluating phytotoxicity. Modern mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques allow precise identification of low abundant proteins, protein–protein interactions, and in-depth analyses of cellular signaling networks. The present review highlights current understanding of plant responses to NPs exploiting high-throughput proteomics techniques. Synthesis of NPs, their morphophysiological effects on crops, and applications of proteomic techniques, are discussed in details to comprehend the underlying mechanism of NPs stress acclimation.

scholarly journals Observing Post-Fire Vegetation Regeneration Dynamics Exploiting High-Resolution Sentinel-2 Data

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Filipponi ◽  
Giacinto Manfron
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Phenological Metrics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentinel 2 ◽  
Dynamics Of Vegetation

Information related to the impact of wildfire disturbances on ecosystems is of paramount interest to account for environmental loss, to plan strategies for facilitating ecosystem restoration, and to monitor the dynamics of vegetation restoration. Phenological metrics can represent a good candidate to monitor and quantify vegetation recovery after natural hazards like wildfire disturbances. Satellite observations have been demonstrated to be a suitable tool for wildfire disturbed areas monitoring, allowing both the identification of burned areas and the monitoring of vegetation recovery. This research study aims to identify post-fire vegetation restoration dynamics for the area surrounding Naples (Italy), affected by severe wildfires events in 2017. Sentinel-2 satellite data were used to extract phenological metrics from the estimated Leaf Area Index (LAI) and to relate such metrics to environmental variables in order to evaluate the vegetation restoration and landslide susceptibility for different land use classes.

scholarly journals Tree Growth and Wood Quality in Pure Vs. Mixed-Species Stands of European Beech and Calabrian Pine in Mediterranean Mountain Forests

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Russo ◽  
Pasquale A. Marziliano ◽  
Giorgio Macrì ◽  
Giuseppe Zimbalatti ◽  
Roberto Tognetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mixture Effect ◽  
Calabrian Pine

Mixed-species forests may deliver more forest functions and services than monocultures, as being considered more resistant to disturbances than pure stands. However, information on wood quality in mixed-species vs. corresponding pure forests is poor. In this study, nine plots grouped into three triplets of pure and mixed-species stands of European beech and Calabrian pine (three dominated by European beech, three dominated by Calabrian pine, and three mixed-species plots) were analysed. We evaluated tree growth and wood quality through dendrochronological approaches and non-destructive technologies (acoustic detection), respectively, hypothesizing that the mixture might improve the fitness of each species and its wood quality. A linear mixed model was applied to test the effects of exogenous influences on the basal area index (BAI) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEd). The recruitment period (Rp) was studied to verify whether wood quality was independent from stem radial growth patterns. Results showed that the mixture effect influenced both wood quality and BAI. In the mixed-species plots, for each species, MOEd values were significantly higher than in the corresponding pure stands. The mixture effect aligned MOEd values, making wood quality uniform across the different diameter classes. In the mixed-species plots, a significant positive relationship between MOEd and Rp, but also significantly higher BAI values than in the pure plots, were found for European beech, but not for Calabrian pine. The results suggest the promotion of mixing of European beech and Calabrian pine in this harsh environment to potentially improve both tree growth and wood quality.

The trade-off between vegetation restoration and soil & water conservation in Loess Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqiang Gao ◽  
Shuguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Soil And Water

<p>China has implemented an ambitious ecological project Grain for Green Project (GGP) on the Loess Plateau (LP) at the end of last century. The GGP was to increase vegetation coverage, reduce soil and water erosion and store Carbon by converting croplands on steep slopes barren hills and wasteland to forests. Assessing the ecological effects of GGP correctly could improve vegetation restoration activities worldwide. In this study, two major ecological indicators (vegetation restoration and soil & water conservation) were used to evaluate the ecological benefits of GGP from 1982 to 2017. Our results show that the vegetation growth for most pixels of LP region have significantly increased at 21 century, annual growth rates of fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active Radiation (FPAR) in spring, summer, autumn and active growing season are 1.39, 4.49, 2.14 and 1.47, respectively. For leaf area index (LAI), these growth rates are 6.01, 20.06, 8.11 and 6.90, respectively. And for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), growth rates are 6.30, 25.46, 7.99 and 20.43, respectively. While the soil and water condition has differently changed, annual growth rates of soil moisture (SM) are 4.46, 2.79 and 2.30 for summer, active growing season and whole year, respectively. The coordinated responses of vegetation and soil & water condition suggest that the interaction between organisms (vegetation, animal and human) and environment (soil, water and so on) in the process of vegetation restoration should be further recognized to evaluate the benefits of ecological engineering more comprehensively.</p>

scholarly journals MODEL SIMULASI PERKEMBANGAN, PERTUMBUHAN DAN NERACA AIR TANAMAN KENTANG PADA DATARAN TINGGI DI INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Salwati
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Model Predictions

<div data-canvas-width="788.5249999999997">This research aims to construct a simulation model of development, growth and waterbalance of potato crop. Reasearch</div><div data-canvas-width="802.7183333333334">also predicts climate change impact on potato productivity in several potato production center in Indonesia. The crop</div><div data-canvas-width="802.6816666666664">model being constructed explains process mechanism of development and growth during crop life cycle as a response</div><div data-canvas-width="802.7166666666672">to fluctuation of climatic. Three field experiments were conducted at three locations at Pacet and Galudra in West Java</div><div data-canvas-width="802.7066666666665">Province, and at Kerinci in Jambi Province, to support the model development; for model calibration (Pacet) and model</div><div data-canvas-width="802.6899999999999">validation (Galudra and Kerinci). Paired t-test between model predictions of Granola variety with observations showed</div><div data-canvas-width="802.7116666666665">that there were not significant differences (P&gt; 0,05) on all variables tested, except leaf biomass. In Atlantic variety, there</div><div data-canvas-width="802.6650000000001">were not significant differences (P&gt; 0,05) on root, tuber biomass and soil water content. Based on graphical test showed</div><div data-canvas-width="244.87999999999997">coefficient of determination were (R</div><div>2</div><div data-canvas-width="552.9633333333334">) greater than 0,80 for all variables.Generally, results on validation suggested that</div><div data-canvas-width="802.6866666666666">model predictions were not significantly different with field measurements at Galudra (Granola variety) and Kerinci</div><div data-canvas-width="802.6966666666668">(Atlantis and Granola variety) for variable of plant ages, biomass of root, stem, leaf and tuber, leaf area index, and soil</div><div data-canvas-width="98.58333333333331">water content. </div>

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