scholarly journals Estimates of Insulin Secretory Function in Apparently Healthy Volunteers Vary as a Function of How the Relevant Variables Are Quantified

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry R Johns ◽  
Fahim Abbasi ◽  
Gerald M Reaven
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

BACKGROUND Several surrogate estimates have been used to define relationships between insulin action and pancreatic β-cell function in healthy individuals. Because it is unclear how conclusions about insulin secretory function depend on specific estimates used, we evaluated the effect of different approaches to measurement of insulin action and secretion on observations of pancreatic β-cell function in individuals whose fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was <7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL). METHODS We determined 2 indices of insulin secretion [homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and daylong insulin response to mixed meals], insulin action [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the insulin suppression test], and degree of glycemia [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and daylong glucose response to mixed meals] in 285 individuals with FPG <7.0 mmol/L. We compared the relationship between the 2 measures of insulin secretion as a function of the measures of insulin action and degree of glycemia. RESULTS Assessment of insulin secretion varied dramatically as a function of which of the 2 methods was used and which measure of insulin resistance or glycemia served as the independent variable. For example, the correlation between insulin secretion (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance varied from an r value of 0.74 (when HOMA-IR was used) to 0.22 (when SSPG concentration was used). CONCLUSIONS Conclusions about β-cell function in nondiabetic individuals depend on the measurements used to assess insulin action and insulin secretion. Viewing estimates of insulin secretion in relationship to measures of insulin resistance and/or degree of glycemia does not mean that an unequivocal measure of pancreatic β-cell function has been obtained.

Plasma Secretagogin is Increased in Individuals with Glucose Dysregulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Hua Qu ◽  
Xiaolan Zhao ◽  
Yingru Hu ◽  
Jiayao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion

Abstract Objective Secretagogin, a Ca2+ binding protein, is one of the most abundant proteins in pancreatic β-cells and is critical for maintaining the structural integrity and signaling competence of β-cells. This study seeks to assess the concentrations of plasma secretagogin in participants with prediabetes (pre-DM) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to explore its relationship to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, first-phase insulin secretion, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function. Materials and Methods A total of 126 eligible subjects were divided into three groups: a normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=45), a pre-DM (n=30), and a T2DM (n=51) group. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed, and clinical and biochemical parameters were measured for all subjects. Results Plasma secretagogin levels were significantly higher in both pre-DM and T2DM patients compared with NGT subjects and were highest in the T2DM group. Correlation analysis showed that plasma secretagogin levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, postchallenge plasma glucose (2hPG), HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) but were not correlated with waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function and first-phase insulin secretion indicators. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that 2hPG and BMI were independent predictors for elevation of plasma secretagogin concentrations. Conclusions Increased circulating secretagogin might be a molecular predictor for early diagnosis of diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and explore the role of secretagogin in obesity.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction in Severe Falciparum Malaria with Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1756-1759
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Muralidhar Anantrao Sangle ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Bariha
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Severe Falciparum Malaria

Insulin Resistance is a major factor among patients with critical illness due to various causes. Severe falciparum malaria with MODS diagnosed as per the criteria of MSS and admitted to the Medical ward of our hospital were assessed for IR and β cell function by using homeostasis model assessment. 75 consecutive patients of SFM admitted to the Medical ward of our hospital were included in this study. Malaria was diagnosed as per criteria of WHO and organ dysfunction was diagnosed as per Malaria Severity Score. Insulin Resistance and β cell function was assessed by using homeostasis model assessment on Day-1 and Day-7. Out of 75 patients of severe falciparum malaria with MODS 2, 3, 4, and 5 organ dysfunctions constituted 16 (21.3%), 34 (45.3%), 16 (21.3%), and 9 (12.0%) patients, respectively.Hepatic failure was the most common organ system failure (n=58; 77.3%), followed by neurological (n=50;66.6%) ,renal (n=40;53.3%), hematological (n=30; 40.0%), and, respiratory failure ( n=15; 20.0%). Hyperglycemia was present in 25 (33.3%) cases where as normoglycemia was present in 50 (66.6%) cases. The values of FBS, Tg, insulin, IR, and β cell function decreased on Day-7 compared to Day-1 after recovery from critically ill state. The patients who died had a high insulin value, IR, but low β cell dysfunction compared to the survivors. This study showed that IR and β cell dysfunction were associated with severe malaria with MODS with increased mortality.

scholarly journals Plasma Asprosin Concentrations Are Increased in Individuals with Glucose Dysregulation and Correlated with Insulin Resistance and First-Phase Insulin Secretion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuren Wang ◽  
Hua Qu ◽  
Xin Xiong ◽  
Yuyang Qiu ◽  
Yong Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Dysregulation

Background. Adipokines are reported to participate in many common pathologic processes of glucose dysregulation, such as insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Objective. To detect the concentrations of plasma asprosin in subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (nT2DM) and its relationship to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell function. Methods. 143 eligible participants were included and were divided into three groups including normal glucose regulation (NGR, n=52), IGR (n=40), and nT2DM group (n=51). The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and clinical and biochemical parameters were measured in all participants. Results. Plasma asprosin levels were higher in IGR (82.40 ± 91.06 ng/mL, P<0.001) and nT2DM (73.25 ± 91.69 ng/mL, P<0.001) groups compared with those in the NGR (16.22 ± 9.27 ng/mL) group, especially in IGR subjects. Correlation analysis showed that plasma asprosin levels were positively correlated with waist circumference (Wc), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postchallenge plasma glucose (2hPG), HbA1c, triglyceride (TG), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and negatively correlated with homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β), area under the curve of the first-phase (0–10 min) insulin secretion (AUC), acute insulin response (AIR), and glucose disposition index (GDI) (all P<0.05). Multiple logistical regression analyses revealed that plasma asprosin concentrations were significantly correlated with IGR and nT2DM after controlling for age, sex, BMI, and WHR. Conclusions. Circulating asprosin might be a predictor of early diagnosis in DM and might be a potential therapeutic target for prediabetes and T2DM.

scholarly journals Σύγκριση πλειοτροπικών δράσεων υπολιπιδαιμικών θεραπειών

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελισάβετ Μουτζούρη
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Pla2 Activity ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Β Cell Function

Εισαγωγή: Οι στατίνες διαθέτουν δράσεις, οι οποίες είναι ανεξάρτητες τηςυπολιπιδαιμικής τους δράσης. Σε αυτές συμπεριλαμβάνονται κυρίως αντιφλεγμονώδεις καιαντιοξειδωτικές δράσεις, καθώς επίσης και επιδράσεις στο μεταβολισμό τους ουρικούοξέος και στο μεταβολισμό της γλυκόζης.Σκοπός: Σκοπός αυτής της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η σύγκριση των επιδράσεωνδιαφορετικών στατινών ή του συνδυασμού μιας στατίνης με την εζετιμίμπη, με τις ίδιεςυπολιπιδαιμικές δράσεις, σε παραμέτρους του οξειδωτικού stress, της φλεγμονής καθώςκαι παραμέτρους του μεταβολισμού του ουρικού οξέους και του μεταβολισμού τηςγλυκόζης σε υπερχοληστερολαιμικούς ασθενείς.Μέθοδοι: Πρωτόκολλο 1 Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 153 υπερχοληστερολαιμικοίασθενείς που τυχαιοποιήθηκαν σε σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg ή σε σιμβαστατίνη/εζετιμίμπη10/10 mg ή σε ροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg ημερησίως.Μετρήσαμε (πριν και μετά από 12 εβδομάδες θεραπείας):- Παραμέτρους του οξειδωτικού stress:1) 8-Epi prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epiPGF2a)2) Oxidized LDL (oxLDL)- Παραμέτρους της φλεγμονής:1) Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and mass- Παραμέτρους του μεταβολισμού της γλυκόζης:1) Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)2) Ινσουλίνη νηστείας3) Γλυκόζη νηστείας4) Γλυκοζυλιωμένη αιμοσφαιρίνη (HbA1c)5) HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-B)- Παραμέτρους του μεταβολισμού του ουρικού οξέους:1) Επίπεδα του ουρικού οξέος,2) Κλασματική απέκκριση του ουρικού οξέοςΠρωτόκολλο 2: Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 60 ασθενείς που τυχαιοποιήθηκαν σεσιμβαστατίνη 40 mg ή σε σιμβαστατίνη/εζετιμίμπη 10/10 mg ημερησίως.Μετρήσαμε (πριν και μετά από 12 εβδομάδες θεραπείας):1) Τη μεμβρανική έκφραση των TLR2 και TLR4 σε περιφερικά μονοκύτταρα,2) Την επαγώμενη από λιποπολυσακχαρίτη ενδοκυττάρια έκκριση των ιντερλευκινών1β και 6.Αποτελέσματα: Πρωτόκολλο 1: Παρατηρήθηκε μια σημαντική μείωση στα επίπεδαπλάσματος των 8-ισοπροστανίων και της oxLDL σε όλες τις ομάδες [10%, 8% και 6% (p <0.05 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές) και 41%, 40% και 39% (p < 0.001 σε σύγκριση με τιςαρχικές τιμές) για την ομάδα της σιμβαστατίνης, σιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης καιροσουβαστατίνης, αντίστοιχα]. Σε όλες τις ομάδες παρατηρήθηκε μια σημαντική μείωσητης μάζας και ενεργότητας της Lp-PLA2 (36%, 31% και 38% και 36%, 32% και 32% για τηνομάδα της σιμβαστατίνης, σιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης και ροσουβαστατίνης, αντίστοιχα, p< 0.001 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές). Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν διαφορές ανάμεσα στιςομάδες.Και οι 3 θεραπείες σχετίστηκαν με σημαντική αύξηση του δείκτη HOMA-IR και τωνεπιπέδων ινσουλίνης νηστείας (p < 0.05 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές). Δενπαρατηρήθηκαν διαφορές ανάμεσα στις ομάδες. Δεν σημειώθηκαν αλλαγές στα επίπεδατης γλυκόζης νηστείας, της HbA1c και του δείκτη HOMA-Β.Σημαντική μείωση των επιπέδων του ουρικού οξέος παρατηρήθηκε σε όλες τιςομάδες (σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg: -5.7%, σιμβαστατίνη/εζετιμίμπη 10/10 mg: -3.8% καιροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg: -3.8%; p<0.05 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές, p=NS για τησύγκριση ανάμεσα στις 3 θεραπευτικές ομάδες). Η κλασματική έκκριση του ουρικού οξέοςαυξήθηκε, ωστόσο στατιστικά μη σημαντικά, σε όλες τις ομάδες (σιμβαστατίνη/εζετιμίμπη10/10 mg: +6.8%, σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg: +6.8% και ροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg: +5.9%). Ημείωση των επιπέδων του ουρικού οξέος συσχετιζόταν με τη με την αύξηση τηςκλασματικής απέκκρισης του ουρικού οξέος. Οι παράμετροι της νεφρικής λειτουργίαςπαρέμειναν αμετάβλητοι σε όλες τις ομάδες.Πρωτόκολλο 2: Οι υπερχοληστερολαιμικοί ασθενείς είχαν υψηλότερα επίπεδα μεμβρανικής έκφρασης TLR2 και TLR4 σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα ελέγχου (p < 0.02). Τόσο ηθεραπεία με σιμβαστατίνη όσο και η θεραπεία με το συνδυασμόσιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης οδήγησαν σε σημαντική μείωση της έκφρασης των TLR2 και 4 (p< 0.01 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές), χωρίς διαφορές ανάμεσα στις 2 ομάδες. Επιπλέονκαι οι 2 θεραπείες οδήγησαν σε συγκρίσιμες μειώσεις των επιπέδων έκφρασης της LPS-επαγώμενης ιντερλευκίνης-1β και IL-6 (p < 0.05 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές).Συμπεράσματα: Πρωτόκολλο 1: Η σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg, ο συνδυασμόςσιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης 10/10 mg και η ροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg μειώνουν σημαντικά ταεπίπεδα των 8-ισοπροστανίων, της oxLDL καθώς και τη μάζα και ενεργότητα της Lp-PLA2 σεπαρόμοιο βαθμό.Οι 3 παραπάνω θεραπείες δε διαφέρουν ως προς τις δράσεις τους στο μεταβολισμότης γλυκόζης.Η σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg, ο συνδυασμός σιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης 10/10 mg και ηροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg μειώνουν συγκρίσιμα τα επίπεδα του ουρικού οξέος.Πρωτόκολλο 2: Η σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg σε σύγκριση με το συνδυασμό σιμβαστατίνηςμε εζετιμίμπη 10/10 mg μείωσαν παρόμοια τα επίπεδα μεμβρανικής έκφρασης των TLR2,TLR4 και την LPS-επαγώμενη ενδοκυττάρια παραγωγή ιντερλευκίνης -1β και -6 σεπεριφερικά μονοκύτταρα υπερχοληστερολαιμικών ασθενών.

scholarly journals Effect of different exercise trainings on β-cell function, insulin resistance, and osteocalcin levels in overweight men

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Mehdi Rostamizadeh ◽  
Alireza Elmieh ◽  
Farhad Rahmani Nia
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Β Cell Function

Background and aims: Many findings have shown the potential relation between osteocalcin (OCN) and regulating energy metabolism. In addition, it has been revealed that physical activity increases OCN levels. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise trainings on β-cell function, insulin resistance, and OCN levels in overweight men. Methods: In this study, 33 overweight, young men [Body mass index (BMI): 29.32±0.75 and age range of 31.50±2.23] were randomly divided into control (n=11), aerobic exercise (n=11), and resistance exercise (n=11) groups. Participants of the exercise group were on the 8-week supervised exercise training program for three sessions per week. Weight, body fat percentage, and BMI were analyzed, and then OCN, insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed from fasting blood samples before and after the 8-week exercise program. Finally, data were analyzed by t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Based on the results, BMI and body weight, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR reduced following the exercise (P<0.05) whereas serum OCN significantly increased in aerobic exercise (P=0.001) and resistance exercise (P=0.000) groups. There were no significant changes in β-cell function in aerobic exercise (P=0.512) and resistance exercise (P=0.16) groups. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that OCN levels were not correlated with HOMA-IR (P=0.743) and insulin levels (P=0.143). However, OCN was positively associated with the homeostasis model assessment of b-cell function (P=0.014) and glucose (P=0.025). Conclusion: The results of the present study confirmed that aerobic and resistance exercises cause some changes in body weight and BMI, as well as the OCN and HOMA-IR. Nonetheless, changes in OCN levels were not predictors of changes in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance in Human

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-654
Author(s):  
So Young Park ◽  
Jean-François Gautier ◽  
Suk Chon
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Β Cell Function

The impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance (or decreased insulin sensitivity) play a major role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is very important to assess the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/ sensitivity to determine the type of DM and to plan an optimal management and prevention strategy for DM. So far, various methods and indices have been developed to assess the β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity based on static, dynamic test and calculation of their results. In fact, since the metabolism of glucose and insulin is made through a complex process related with various stimuli in several tissues, it is difficult to fully reflect the real physiology. In order to solve the theoretical and practical difficulties, research on new index is still in progress. Also, it is important to select the appropriate method and index for the purpose of use and clinical situation. This review summarized a variety of traditional methods and indices to evaluate pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity and introduced novel indices.

scholarly journals Proinsulin levels in patients with pancreatic diabetes are associated with functional changes in insulin secretion rather than pancreatic β-cell area

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G K Breuer ◽  
Bjoern A Menge ◽  
Matthias Banasch ◽  
Waldemar Uhl ◽  
Andrea Tannapfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intrinsic Defect ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Secondary Diabetes ◽  
Β Cell Function

IntroductionHyperproinsulinaemia has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is unclear whether this is due to an intrinsic defect in β-cell function or secondary to the increased demand on the β-cells. We investigated whether hyperproinsulinaemia is also present in patients with secondary diabetes, and whether proinsulin levels are associated with impaired β-cell area or function.Patients and methodsThirty-three patients with and without diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases were studied prior to pancreatic surgery. Intact and total proinsulin levels were compared with the pancreatic β-cell area and measures of insulin secretion and action.ResultsFasting concentrations of total and intact proinsulin were similar in patients with normal, impaired (including two cases of impaired fasting glucose) and diabetic glucose tolerance (P=0.58 andP=0.98 respectively). There were no differences in the total proinsulin/insulin or intact proinsulin/insulin ratio between the groups (P=0.23 andP=0.71 respectively). There was a weak inverse association between the total proinsulin/insulin ratio and pancreatic β-cell area (r2=0.14,P=0.032), whereas the intact proinsulin/insulin ratio and the intact and total proinsulin levels were unrelated to β-cell area. However, a strong inverse relationship between homeostasis model assessment index of β-cell function and both the total and the intact proinsulin/insulin ratio was found (r2=0.55 andr2=0.48 respectively). The association of insulin resistance (IR) with intact proinsulin was much weaker than the correlation with fasting insulin.ConclusionsHyperproinsulinaemia is associated with defects in insulin secretion rather than a reduction in β-cell area. The weak association between intact proinsulin and IR argues against the usefulness of this parameter in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Study on the correlation between the changes of TNFR1, TNF-α, and adiponectin in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921984634
Author(s):  
Jie Xie ◽  
Lan Dai ◽  
Xiaolei Tang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to pregnant women with impaired glucose tolerance, which could bring high risk to the mother and fetus. However, the early diagnosis and treatment of GDM remained unclear. In this study, 60 patients with GDM were selected as the research group and 50 healthy pregnant women as the control group. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and adiponectin (ADP) in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were also detected to calculate homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and pancreatic β-cell function index (HOMA-HBCl). Compared with the control group, the serum levels of TNFR1, TNF-α, and HbA1c in research group were significantly increased ( P < 0.05), while ADP showed lower levels ( P < 0.01). Furthermore, FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR were evidently increased ( P < 0.05), while homeostasis model assessment insulin secretion index (HOMA-β) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were decreased ( P < 0.05) in research group. TNFR and TNF-α were positively correlated with FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR ( P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between ADP and FINS and HOMA-IR ( P < 0.01). From logistic regression analysis, age, gestational age, FBG, FINS, TNFR1, TNF-α, and ADP ( P < 0.05) were shown to be risk factors to affect the function of islet β-cells. In conclusion, the high levels of TNFR1 and TNF-α and the low levels of ADP in the second trimester of pregnancy are the risk factors of GDM, which are related to the insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic β-cell function.

scholarly journals Nutrient regulation of insulin secretion and action

2014 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. R105-R120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Newsholme ◽  
Vinicius Cruzat ◽  
Frank Arfuso ◽  
Kevin Keane
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Altered Metabolism

Pancreatic β-cell function is of critical importance in the regulation of fuel homoeostasis, and metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM). The β-cell is an intricately designed cell type that couples metabolism of dietary sources of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids to insulin secretory mechanisms, such that insulin release occurs at appropriate times to ensure efficient nutrient uptake and storage by target tissues. However, chronic exposure to high nutrient concentrations results in altered metabolism that impacts negatively on insulin exocytosis, insulin action and may ultimately lead to development of DM. Reduced action of insulin in target tissues is associated with impairment of insulin signalling and contributes to insulin resistance (IR), a condition often associated with obesity and a major risk factor for DM. The altered metabolism of nutrients by insulin-sensitive target tissues (muscle, adipose tissue and liver) can result in high circulating levels of glucose and various lipids, which further impact on pancreatic β-cell function, IR and progression of the metabolic syndrome. Here, we have considered the role played by the major nutrient groups, carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids, in mediating β-cell insulin secretion, while also exploring the interplay between amino acids and insulin action in muscle. We also focus on the effects of altered lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and liver resulting from activation of inflammatory processes commonly observed in DM pathophysiology. The aim of this review is to describe commonalities and differences in metabolism related to insulin secretion and action, pertinent to the development of DM.

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