scholarly journals Molecular detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes isolated from mastitic milk and humans in El-Behira, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Diab ◽  
Nermin A. Ibrahim ◽  
Yasser F. Elnaker ◽  
Sherif A. Zidan ◽  
Marwa A. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mastitic Milk

Background and Aim: Milk is a chief source of many nutrients. However, we must also bear in mind that it is a potential source for many cases of food poisoning. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cow mastitis and evaluate the presence of enterotoxins and antibiotic resistance patterns in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and contact humans in El-Behira Province, Egypt. Materials and Methods: A total of 680 milk samples from 170 cows and 86 human samples consisting of 43 hand swabs and 43 nasal swabs were analyzed. The milk samples were subjected to the California mastitis test. Results: The general occurrence was 23.1% (157/680) where 48 quarters had clinical mastitis and 109 had subclinical mastitis. Subsequently, S. aureus was isolated in Baird-Parker agar where typical and atypical colonies were selected and submitted to coagulase and complementary tests. Out of 48 samples of mastitic milk studied, 16 (33.3%) showed contamination by S. aureus whereas 109 samples of subclinical mastitis showed contamination in only 18 (16.5%). On the opposite hand, of the 86 human samples, 33 revealed S. aureus contamination, corresponding to 38.37% of the samples. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc and the staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding genes sea, seb, sec, sed, and see were performed after culture, revealing that 88.2% (30/34) of milk samples and 93.9% (31/33) of human samples were variably positive to those genes. Conclusion: The use of nuc gene based PCR is an accurate and rapid method for S aureus isolates detection. A high prevalence of multiple drug-resistant isolates of S. aureus recovered from both human and milk represents further evidence for possible veterinary hazards as well as public hazards, especially to those that consume milk from this region.

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in cattle in Algeria: Frequency of occurrence and bacteriological isolates

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhwane Saidi ◽  
Djamel Khelef ◽  
Rachid Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cattle in eighteen herds in the center region of Algeria. Milk samples were collected from 560 quarters of 140 cows free of clinical mastitis. The samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the positive samples were analysed by bacteriological culture and Speed ​​Mam® Color. The overall quarter prevalence was 28.77% whilst animal prevalence was 28.57%.Bacteriological analysis showed that there was a wide range of bacteria that cause these infections. Staphylococcus aureus (40%) was found to be the most prevalent organism followed by Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Enterobacteriaceae (2.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%), Staphylococcusaureus + Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Streptococcus spp.+ Escherichia coli (7.5%), S. aureus + Mycoplasma spp.(7.5%), and S. aureus +Streptococcus spp.+ E. coli (5%).

scholarly journals THE OCCURRENCE OF BACTERIAL AGENTS CAUSING MASTITIS IN DAIRY SHEEP AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Zigo ◽  
Katarína Veszelits Lakticová ◽  
Mária Vargová M
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Acute Form

Introduction: The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of bacterial agents causing mastitis, forms of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in 300 ewes on a farm in Eastern Slovakia. Material and methods: During the milking season, were performed three complex investigations including clinical examination, California Mastitis Test and laboratory analysis of milk samples. The investigations and milk samples were taken in three phases; the beginning (April), the middle (June) and the end (September) of the milking season. Results: Of all the samples (806), 225 (28.0%) were positive for bacterial pathogens. The highest incidence of mastitis (33.3%) was recorded in September, while April (23.8%) and June (25.3%) had lower incidence. The samples from September showed the highest incidence of subclinical mastitis (20.1%), with 13.2% being an acute form of mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified in 61.7% of the positive samples. Especially, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis and S. schleiferi were most frequently isolated.  Staphylococcus aureus was the causative agent in 20.0% of the positive samples and caused acute or subclinical mastitis in the affected ewes. The tested bacteria showed very high resistance to novobiocin (59.5%) and penicillin (51.4%) and high resistance to amoxycillin (35.1%). We found that 80% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria tested for antibiotic resistance were resistant to novobiocin and 70% were resistant to penicillin. Of all tested CNS, 56.5% were resistant to novobiocin, 39.1% to penicillin, and 34.7% to amoxicillin. Conclusion: Proper isolation and identification of the causative organism play a significant role in the prevention and control of the intramammary infection. In our study, a combinations of Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline were the most effective antibiotics for the control of mastitis.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mastitis on Reproductive Parameters of Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
F. Zigo ◽  
A. Adamová ◽  
M. Vasiľ ◽  
J. Elečko ◽  
S. Ondrašovičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Service Period ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of mastitis and its impact on the reproductive parameters in a herd of 180 dairy cows. Based on the herd records 127 cows of Slovak spotted cattle and their crosses with red Holstein were selected for study between 1—2 months after calving. The examination of the health status of the mammary glands consisted of: the clinical examination of the udder, the California mastitis test (CMT) supplemented by the collection of mixed milk samples, and the laboratory examination of bacterial pathogens causing the mastitis. In addition to the mam­mary investigation, reproduction indicators such as the length of the insemination interval, the service period, the intercalving period and the insemination index were also analyzed. The results of this study indicated: a high incidence of mastitis (41.6 %), especially latent (21.2 %), subclinical (15.7 %) and clinical (4.7 %) forms were most common in the herd. The most frequently isolated bacteria from the infected milk samples were: coagulase negative staphylococci (54.1 %), S. aureus (16.9 %), Streptococcus spp. (15.0 %), A. viridans (7.5 %) and Ent. faecalis (6.4 %). According to the available literature, the optimum values of the intercalving period were 365—400 days, the insemination interval 55—80 days, the insemination index 1.2—2 and the service period 60—110 days. In comparison, our results showed increased, unsatisfactory reproductive values in the group of dairy cows with clinical mastitis. While in healthy cows as well as in groups of cows with latent and subclinical mastitis, all of the reproductive indicators were within the optimal levels.

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies on subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in northern regions of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIA Begum ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk

A cross sectional study was carried out from June, 2008 to December, 2010 to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to determine the responsible bacterial pathogens in lactating dairy goats in northern districts of Bangladesh. A total of 292 goats and 584 udder halves milk samples were screened using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was 56.2% (164/292), and in udder half level it was 33.9% (198/584). The subclinical mastitis prevalence at goat level was high (71.6%) in Jamnapari goats as compared to Black Bengal goats (50.2%), whereas at the udder half level, subclinical mastitis prevalence was 45.1% and 29.6% in Jamnapari and Black Bengal goats, respectively. The pathogens isolated from subclinical mastitic milk samples were coagulase negative Staphylococci, Coliforms, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Among these, the most frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococci (28.8%), Coliforms (22.7%) and Streptococcus spp (15.2%). Out of four potential host related risk factors considered, litter size and body condition of goats were found to influence the prevalence rate of subclinical mastitis in goat significantly (p< 0.05). On the other hand, the subclinical mastitis was very significantly (p=0.0001) associated with the housing system of goats, i.e., goats reared in raised floor had a low subclinical mastitis infection rate (35.8%) as compared to reared in earth floor (62.2%). Antibiogram studies were also performed for the bacterial isolates and Gentamicin was found to be the most effective drug.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 112-122, Jan-Dec 2012

SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN LACTATING COWS: COMPARISON OF FOUR SCREENING TESTS AND EFFECT OF ANIMAL FACTORS ON ITS OCCURRENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Badiuzzaman ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
SHMF Siddiki ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
S Saha
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Cultural Isolation

A total of 444 quarter milk samples from 111 crossbred dairy cows were subjected to California mastitis test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC) test, white side test (WST) and surf field mastitis (SFMT) test to quantify their efficacy in detecting sub clinical mastitis in dairy cows of Bangladesh during the period from 2010 to 2011.Milk samples positive by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT were 265,230, 225 and 222 respectively. All samples were subjected to cultural isolation (gold standard test for comparison of indirect mastitis tests). Of these, 261 samples were positive by cultural isolation. The sensitivity of the CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT were 80.08%, 86.60%, 60.54% and 57.47%; specificity 69.40%, 97.81%, 63.38% and 60.66%; percentage accuracy 75.68%,91.22%, 61.71%  and 58.78%; positive predictive value 78.87%, 98.26%, 70.22% and 67.57%; and negative predictive value 70.95%, 83.64%, 52.97% and 50%respectively. Quarter-wise sub clinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 59.68%, 51.80%, 50.68% and 50% samples by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT, respectively, while animal-wise SCM was recorded in 72.07%, 66.67%, 64.86% and 61.26% samples by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT, respectively. The right hind quarters were most significantly (p<0.001) susceptible to SCM than other quarters. Cows with 3rd and 4th parity and at their early lactation stage had significantly higher (p<0.001) SCM than others. Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of CMT. CMT was concluded to be the most accurate test after cultural isolation and SCC. Unlike laboratory tests as cultural isolation and SCC that require adequate laboratory facilities and skilled personnel, CMT is a reliable diagnostic method in field conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic tools and techniques for fish improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gopikrishna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Mastitis is an economically important disease in goats. In the present study, a total of 100 quarter milk samples were collected from 50 apparently healthy Sirohi Goats in Udaipur district. The culture examination of these samples revealed the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Sirohi goats as 26 (26/100) % and 34 (17/50) % on udder quarter basis and animal basis, respectively. The highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed in 3rd lactation (50 %). Among the different isolates, staphylococci were found as most prevalent organism accounting for 37.50 (12/32) %, followed by streptococci 28.12 (9/32) %, E. coli 18.75 (6/32) %, bacilli 9.37 (3/32) % and Corynebacterium spp. 6.25 (2/32) %. The threshold values of modified California mastitis test, total somatic cell count and electrical conductivity in subclinical mastitic milk samples were observed to be +1, 1.0 million cells/ml of milk and 6.0 mS/cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of udder health in lame cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hisira ◽  
Pavel Slovák ◽  
Paulína Marčeková ◽  
Marián Kadaši ◽  
Pavol Mudroň
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
White Line ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sole Ulcers

The objective of this study was to assess the udder health in lame dairy cows. The study was performed on 35 dairy cows which were admitted to the Clinic of Ruminants. The most frequent claw diseases were white line abscess (28.6%) and toe necrosis (28.6%), followed by digital dermatitis (17.1%), toe ulcers (14.3%), and sole ulcers (11.4%). The prevalence of mastitis in lame cows was 74.3% (26); clinical mastitis was detected in 5 (19.2%) and subclinical mastitis in 21 (80.8%) dairy cows. Distribution of mastitis was similar in terms of front (52.54%) and rear quarters (47.46%). For statistical analyses of mastitis grade in lame dairy cows, a six-point Mastitis Score was created based on physical examination of the mammary gland and results of California Mastitis Test. The Mastitis Score tended to be higher in cows with corium inflammation than in those with digital dermatitis (10.0 and 6.5, respectively). Microbiological culture of 24 positive milk samples was performed and intra-mammary pathogens were isolated in 18 (75%) samples. The most prevalent bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci (50%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (16.7%), Proteus spp. (11.1%), and Aerococcus viridians (11.1%). Of the total bacteria, contagious pathogens were determined in two milk samples (11.1%). In conclusion, high prevalence of mastitis was detected in lame cows suffering from claw diseases without a significant effect of the type of claw diseases on the mastitis grade. Moreover, the dominating isolation of environmental pathogens may be a result of longer lying period of animals affected with lameness.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN MASTITIS SUBKLINIS DAN KLINIS PADA SAPI PERAH (STUDI KASUS DI KOPERASI AGRIBISNIS DANA MULYA KECAMATAN PACET, KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Hefi Choirun Nisa ◽  
Bambang Purnomo S. ◽  
Tita Damayanti L. ◽  
Mas’ud Hariadi ◽  
Romziah Sidik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Regression Trees ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test

The study was conducted to know the factor that potentially affect the incidence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cows in the area Agribusiness Cooperative Dana Mulya Pacet, Mojokerto. Data retrieval were done by examining the incidence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in 100 lactation dairy cows. Milk samples were taken from milking each quarter of dairy cows in the afternoon, then tested using CMT reagent (California Mastitis Test). In addition data was obtained from farmers through structured questionnaires. The data was processed and presented in tabular form and analyzed statistically by the method of regression trees. The conclusion of this research showed that dairy cows in the area of Agribusiness Cooperative Dana Mulya Pacet, Mojokerto affected by subclinical mastitis reached 76% and clinical mastitis 11%. This was influenced by the milking sequence factor of the nipple which was not distinguish between sick and healthy nipples, the lack of sanitation before milking, and the location of livestock disposal is too close to the cowshed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufuno Phophi ◽  
Inge-Marie Petzer ◽  
Daniel Nenene Qekwana
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure, and financial losses have been reported in dairy cows with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) clinical mastitis, however, studies on CoNS infections are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation in CoNS isolated from cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory. Results A total of 142 confirmed CoNS isolates were used for this study. Biofilm formation was identified in 18% of CoNS tested. Staphylococcus chromogenes (11%) had the highest proportion of biofilm formation followed by S. haemolyticus (4.0%), S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. xylosus, and S. simulans with 1% respectively. Ninety percent (90%) of CoNS were resistant to at least one antimicrobial (AMR) and 51% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance among CoNS was the highest to ampicillin (90%) and penicillin (89%), few isolates resistant to cefoxitin and vancomycin, 9% respectively. Similarly, MDR-S. haemolyticus (44%), MDR-S. epidermidis (65%), and MDR-S. chromogenes (52%) were mainly resistant to penicillins. The most common resistance patterns observed were resistance to penicillin-ampicillin (16%) and penicillin-ampicillin-erythromycin (10%). Only 42% of biofilm positive CoNS were MDR. Conclusion The majority of CoNS in this study were resistance to penicillins. In addition, most isolates were β-lactam resistant and MDR. Biofilm formation among the CoNS in this study was uncommon and there was no significant difference in the proportion of MDR-CoNS based on the ability to form a biofilm.

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Camel and Human samples from Aswan Governorate in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates among camel and human samples in Aswan. Materials and Methods: A total of 320 samples: milk, nasal swabs and bus swabs were collected from camels (n= 290) and their human contacts (n= 30) from Aswan governorate. Disc diffusion test was applied to detect resistant and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA isolates. PCR was applied for detection of the virulence genes: nuc, hla, pvl, mecA, vanA, vanB and enterotoxins (sea, seb sec and sed) genes. Results: 112 Out of 165 she camel milk samples (67.9%), 59 out of 125 camel nasal samples (47.2%), 3 out of 5 worker nasal swabs (60%) and 16 out of 25 abscesses' swabs from human infected wound (64%) were positive for staphylococci. Only 34 out of 190 staphylococci were S. aureus (17.9%) and they were tested by PCR of the nuc gene. All S. aureus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. The two human isolates were resistant to streptomycin and erythromycin. Among 25 % of S. aureus isolated from camel milk samples were resistant to gentamicin and ceftriaxone (each), 50% and 31.2 % were resistant or intermediate resistant to streptomycin and clindamycin respectively. Among S. aureus isolated from camel nasal swabs, 18.8% were resistant or intermediate resistant to cefoxitin and ceftriaxone (each). 13 out of 34 S. aureus isolates (38.2%) were MRSA. All S. aureus isolates were amplified 279 bp of nuc gene specific for S. aureus strains. While 28, 12 and 11 isolates were harboring hla, mecA and pvl genes respectively. All S. aureus isolates were negative for vanA, vanB and enterotoxins (sea, seb sec and sed) genes. Conclusion: S. aureus and MRSA isolated from camel milk considered a potential health risk for food poisoning.

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