scholarly journals Tiberal (Ro 7-0207-Roche) in the Treatment of Intestinal Amoebiasis - Part II

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 403-11
Author(s):  
Sunoto Sunoto ◽  
S. H. Pudjiadi ◽  
Suharjono Suharjono ◽  
Z. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Intestinal Amoebiasis

Twenty-four intestinal amoebiasis patients have been treated with a new amoebicid tiberal (Roche) or metronidazole as a control in a dosage of 15- 30 mg/kg body weight per day for 5 consecutive days. The results show that both drugs achieve a 100% cure rate. No side effects or signs of drug toxicity as evaluated from the results of the safety tests were observed. No signs of clinical or parasitological relapses were seen (after discharge. In comparison with the previous trial with a lower dosage (7~ - 15 mg.) and longer course (7 days) the results were even better, e.g. clinical improvement and parasitological disappearance were achieved in a shorter time.

scholarly journals European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults with a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-245
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Marwan El Ghoch ◽  
Annamaria Colao ◽  
Maria Hassapidou ◽  
Volkan Yumuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been recently proposed as an appealing nutritional strategy for obesity management. The VLCKD is characterized by a low carbohydrate content (&#x3c;50 g/day), 1–1.5 g of protein/kg of ideal body weight, 15–30 g of fat/day, and a daily intake of about 500–800 calories. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the current document is to suggest a common protocol for VLCKD and to summarize the existing literature on its efficacy in weight management and weight-related comorbidities, as well as the possible side effects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This document has been prepared in adherence with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development, and quality appraisal were performed independently by 2 authors and the data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 645 articles retrieved, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing 4 main findings. First, the VLCKD was shown to result in a significant weight loss in the short, intermediate, and long terms and improvement in body composition parameters as well as glycemic and lipid profiles. Second, when compared with other weight loss interventions of the same duration, the VLCKD showed a major effect on reduction of body weight, fat mass, waist circumference, total cholesterol and triglyceridemia as well as improved insulin resistance. Third, although the VLCKD also resulted in a significant reduction of glycemia, HbA1c, and LDL cholesterol, these changes were similar to those obtained with other weight loss interventions. Finally, the VLCKD can be considered a safe nutritional approach under a health professional’s supervision since the most common side effects are usually clinically mild and easily to manage and recovery is often spontaneous. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The VLCKD can be recommended as an effective dietary treatment for individuals with obesity after considering potential contra-indications and keeping in mind that any dietary treatment has to be personalized. <b><i>Prospero Registry:</i></b> The assessment of the efficacy of VLCKD on body weight, body composition, glycemic and lipid parameters in overweight and obese subjects: a meta-analysis (CRD42020205189).

Attitudes about Antidepressants: Influence of Information about Weight-Related Side Effects

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Cash ◽  
Melissa A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
College Women ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Medications ◽  
Body Image Ideals ◽  
Clinical Populations

Antidepressant drugs are frequently prescribed for women and have various side effects, including potential effects on body weight. This experiment examined the effects of information about the weight-related side effects of antidepressants on women's attitudes toward the drugs. 60 college women were randomly assigned to read about one of two drugs, fluoxetine (Prozac) or Imipramine (Tofranil). Participants were either told or not told about veridical weight-related side effects, namely, weight loss for Prozac and weight gain for Tofranil. As hypothesized, weight-gain information lowered the personal acceptability of Tofranil, and weight-loss information enhanced the acceptability of Prozac. Although research with clinical populations is required, undergraduate women's decisions about the use of antidepressant medications may be influenced by societal body-image ideals.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Zinc Sulfate with Systemic Meglumine Antimoniate in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Javad Yazdanpanah ◽  
Mahnaz Banihashemi ◽  
Fakhrozaman Pezeshkpoor ◽  
Mohammad Khajedaluee ◽  
Sororozaman Famili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Meglumine Antimoniate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate comparison between oral zinc sulfate and meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). So 100 patients with CL were included and randomly divided into two groups. The first group was treated with oral zinc sulfate (10 mg/kg/day during 45 days period), and the second group was treated with systemic meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 20 days). Acceptable cure after completing 45 days of followup occurred in 30.2% of lesions in first group, while this was 35.5% for the second group. There is not any significant difference between the two treatment groups (P=0.42). Serious side effects resulting in treatment discounting occurred in only meglumine antimoniate group. Although cure rate of systemic meglumine antimoniate group was better the treatment with zinc sulfate is much easier, cheaper, more convenient in consumption, safer, and nearly close cure percentage to systemic meglumine antimoniate injections without serious side effect.

scholarly journals The efficacy of plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enerst C. Ohanu ◽  
Paul C. Inyang-Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Amebiasis caused by <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Treatment failure with specific chemotherapy has been reported suggesting the possibility of drug resistance. This study investigated the anti-amoebic effects of four plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats. The cecal amebiasis was induced by the injection of 3.0×105 troph/mL of <em>E. histolytica</em> parasite directly into the rat’s caecum. A total of 137 rats were used for these studies; five rats in each group for both positive and negative control, 15 rats in each group to test the four plant extracts and metronidazole. The infected rats were treated for cecal amebiasis using each of the four plant extracts at graded doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and with metronidzole at a dose of 62.5 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg for five consecutive days. The efficacy of the four plant extracts were evaluated based on Neal’s, 1951 method. The plant extracts of Garlic, <em>Guava</em>, Pawpaw and Pumpkin at 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body-weight gave a cure rate of 80%, 100%, 60%, 40% and 40%, 80%, 40%, 0%, respectively. The mean parasite count in the cecal contents of the treated rats at a dose 400 mg/kg were 18.5±1.6, 0.0±0.0, 33.3±1.8 and 49.5±4.0, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). This study has revealed that Guava at a high dosing level (400 mg/kg body weight) is as good as the standard drug in reducing the both parasite load (probably with limited side effect).

AUREOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL INFECTIONS WITH H. INFLUENZAE, TYPE B

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
CAROLINE A. CHANDLER ◽  
HORACE L. HODES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Type B ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Residual Damage ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Aureomycin, in doses of 20 mg./kg. body weight, was as effective in the treatment of mice infected with H. influenzae, type B, as streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin, and more effective than polymyxin or Q-19. Two infants with H. influenzae, type B, meningitis were treated successfully with aureomycin and sulfadiazine. Spinal fluid cultures became negative and marked clinical improvement occurred within 48 hours. Both patients went on to complete recovery. Three children were treated with aureomycin alone. Although their response to treatment was not so rapid as that of the infants treated with aureomycin and sulfadiazine, rccovery was assured within four to seven days and subsequently there were no evidences of residual damage. No serious toxic reactions to aureomycin were apparent. A sixth patient, desperately ill on admission, succumbed within 36 hours in spite of adequate treatment with combined aureomycin and sulfadiazine.

Pharmacogenomics Genome Wise Association Clinical Studies

2015 ◽  
pp. 218-233
Author(s):  
Udayaraja GK
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Dose Adjustment ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Error Method

Pharmacogenomics deals with drug responses in individual based on genetic variation in genome. Based on genetic variations, drugs may produce more or less therapeutic effect, and same way in side effects also. Physicians can use information about your genetic makeup to choose those drugs and drug doses to get better therapy. Optimizing drug therapy and rational dose adjustment with respect to genetic makeup will maximize drug efficacy and minimal adverse effects. This broken traditional ‘trial and error' method of ‘one drug fits all', and ‘one dose fits all' which contributing to 25–50% of drug toxicity or treatment failures. This will contribute to improve the ways in which existing drugs are used, genomic research will lead to drug development to produce new drugs that are highly effective without serious side effects. This approach to bring personalized medicine more practice and drug combinations are optimized for each individual' genetic makeup.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Tolerance of Single-dose Azithromycin for Treatment of Chlamydial Cervicitis During Pregnancy

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Oral Azithromycin

Objective: The intent of this study was to determine the efficacy and tolerance of single-dose oral azithromycin in the treatment of pregnant women with endocervical chlamydial carriage.Methods: A retrospective review of clinic records over a two-year period identified pregnant patients treated with a single 1-g dose of azithromycin for chlamydial carriage. The side effects and subsequent chlamydial carriage (test of cure) were noted.Results: A total of 146 pregnant women treated with azithromycin was reviewed. A cure rate of 96% was found. Side effects were reported in 5%.Conclusions: A single 1-g oral dose of azithromycin is effective for the treatment of chlamydia and is well tolerated in pregnant women.

Isotretinoin Use in Acne: Prospective Evaluation of Adverse Events

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Hull ◽  
Coby Demkiw-Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Prospective Evaluation ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Lower Back

Background: Isotretinoin is an effective treatment for severe acne. Although the spectrum of side effects has been well documented, the changing incidence of such side effects over the course of treatment has not been studied in detail. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to examine a group of patients monthly over their course of treatment and prospectively document the side effects experienced. Methods: Over the period between January 1991 and July 1996, 124 courses of treatment with isotretinoin for severe acne were followed. The patients were treated for 4 months at a dose of 1 mg per kg body weight. A questionnaire was administered monthly, inquiring specifically about side effects known to be associated with isotretinoin. Any additional side effects were also noted. Results: The majority of patients experienced persistent dryness of lips. Dry eyes affected 40% of patients; this continued throughout treatment in 25%. Contact lens wearers were more likely to develop conjunctivitis. Lower back pain was reported early in about 30% of patients and fewer than 10% of patients would develop it later in the course of treatment. Arthralgia was noted in 16.5% of patients at the first visit and there was little change with ongoing treatment. Hair loss was experienced in a small percentage but was rarely noted on more than one occasion. Headaches occurred in less than 10% and were occasionally severe, but most often intermittent and recorded at a single visit. Depression occurred in 4% of patients and tended to persist throughout the treatment. All these patients completed the full course of treatment. Conclusion: This prospective analysis has shown that patients treated with isotretinoin experienced a predictable series of side effects. Some occurred fleetingly, but several persisted for the duration of treatment.

Efficacy and Clinical Tolerance of a New Combination of Trimethoprim with Sulphonamide

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Celotti ◽  
Franklin Nüdemberg ◽  
Osvaldo Magni ◽  
Francesca Piaia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Combination Product ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Life Threatening

To obtain a direct clinical evaluation of a new sulpha-trimethoprim combination product (Kelfiprim®) from general practitioners or specialist practitioners, an extensive post-marketing survey has been organized in Brazil involving 1,177 doctors and 5,885 patients. These experienced different infections susceptible to oral antimicrobial chemotherapy with a sulpha-trimethoprim combination. The results indicated that the product was very effective (91.2% cure rate) and well tolerated (4% incidence of side-effects). Side-effects were usually mild and transient. No life-threatening adverse reactions were observed. The results obtained support those already published in clinical trials involving 1,119 patients.

scholarly journals T231. QUALITY OF LIFE IN ANTIPSYCHOTIC-NAïVE YOUTH: EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY WITH METABOLIC SIDE-EFFECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S321-S321
Author(s):  
Araba Chintoh ◽  
Mahavir Agarwal ◽  
Nicole Mackenzie ◽  
Gary Remington ◽  
Margaret Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Metabolic Side Effects ◽  
Metabolic Indices

Abstract Background This observational, exploratory pilot study aims to understand changes in clinical presentation and quality of life (QoL) in antipsychotic-naïve youth. Outcomes for these first-episode psychosis patients will be explored in the context metabolic changes during their first three months of treatment. Methods Participants (n = 10) aged 14–29 years were followed throughout their first three months of treatment with an antipsychotic medication (of physician’s/patient’s choice). Participants were evaluated on metabolic indices including weight, waist circumference, and BMI, as well as QoL [Pediatric Quality of Life Index (PedsQL) and PedsQL General Well-Being Scale] and clinical presentation [Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale]. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were conducted to compare significant changes across these variables. Results Significant changes in metabolic indices were observed over the first three months of treatment, as measured in weight gain (p = 0.02), increased waist circumference (p = 0.02) and increased BMI (p = 0.01). Physicians rated clinical improvement in participants, CGI score (p = 0.03). However, patient-rated QoL remained unchanged within all subcategories, including psychosocial (p = 0.52) and general well-being (p = 0.35). Discussion It appears that antipsychotic-related metabolic side effects may not impede upon early clinical improvement or impact QoL. In addition, there does not appear to be a relationship between clinical presentation and QoL as our small sample show QoL remains neutral or positive. Taken together, these findings suggest that clinical presentation and metabolic side effects may not be influential in early psychosis. From a clinical perspective, these early pilot data add to the literature highlighting the significant, early, antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects in youth, and also encouraging clinicians to attend to the interplay between treatment and related QoL. This study is limited by its small sample size and naturalistic treatment allocation. These participants will be followed longitudinally to monitor development of adverse metabolic outcomes as well as changes in QoL in later stages of treatment/illness. The field must to understand how treatment and management of metabolic side effects can be augmented to promote clinical improvement and QoL, given the prevalence of adolescent patients who eventually wish to discontinue antipsychotic drugs because of metabolic side effects.

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