The data reduction for different Speckle images using MATLAB and IMAGE pro-plus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 699-708
Author(s):  
M. Karamanii ◽  
H- Elghandoor ◽  
H. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Laser Speckles

When coherent light rays can be incident on an optically rough object it will scatter randomly through all directions. Interference of these scattered rays leads to the formation of a bright spots (constructive interference), and dark spots (destructive interference), these are called Laser Speckles.

scholarly journals THE DATA REDUCTION USING MATLAB FOR DIFFERENT SPECKLE IMAGES FORM SMALL SURFACES ROUGHNESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572
Author(s):  
M. Karamanii ◽  
◽  
H- Elghandoor ◽  
H. Ramadan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
Predictive Process ◽  
Binary Object ◽  
Laser Speckles

The so-called laser speckles are bright spots and dark spots formed when a coherent ray is incident on a rough surface which scattered randomly in all directions, the interference of these scattered rays form these bright and dark spots (Laser Speckles).In this paper we are concerned with the formation of Objective speckles calculations. Using MATLAB the image can be converted into binary object (0 and 1) as the speckle spots intensities are dark and bright, respectively.To simplify the calculations, two processes (transform and predictive) may be used, and according to the loss of many data for the using of predictive process, the transform process is considered.The calculations are based on the evaluation on small roughness of surfaces in range 0.1 – 1 μm, on the same footing the contrast was considered in the range from zero to one.Fraunhofer diffraction Unfortunately, no calculations in this field had been done from other researchers.

scholarly journals Stationary Wave Interference and Its Relation to Tropical Convection and Arctic Warming

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1369-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Goss ◽  
Steven B. Feldstein ◽  
Sukyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Stationary Wave ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Stratospheric Polar Vortex

Abstract The interference between transient eddies and climatological stationary eddies in the Northern Hemisphere is investigated. The amplitude and sign of the interference is represented by the stationary wave index (SWI), which is calculated by projecting the daily 300-hPa streamfunction anomaly field onto the 300-hPa climatological stationary wave. ERA-Interim data for the years 1979 to 2013 are used. The amplitude of the interference peaks during boreal winter. The evolution of outgoing longwave radiation, Arctic temperature, 300-hPa streamfunction, 10-hPa zonal wind, Arctic sea ice concentration, and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index are examined for days of large SWI values during the winter. Constructive interference during winter tends to occur about one week after enhanced warm pool convection and is followed by an increase in Arctic surface air temperature along with a reduction of sea ice in the Barents and Kara Seas. The warming of the Arctic does occur without prior warm pool convection, but it is enhanced and prolonged when constructive interference occurs in concert with enhanced warm pool convection. This is followed two weeks later by a weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex and a decline of the AO. All of these associations are reversed in the case of destructive interference. Potential climate change implications are briefly discussed.

The Question of Correlation between Photons in Coherent Light Rays

Nature ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 178 (4548) ◽  
pp. 1449-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. PURCELL
Keyword(s):  
Coherent Light ◽  
Light Rays

Joint time-variant spectral analysis — Part 1: Forward modeling the effects of thin-bed layering

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. T967-T983
Author(s):  
Ramses G. Meza ◽  
J. Antonio Sierra ◽  
John P. Castagna ◽  
Umberto Barbato
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Phase Component ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Seismic Wavelet ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Net To Gross

Using time-frequency and time-phase analysis we found that for an isolated thin bed in a binary-impedance setting, there is no observable sensitivity in preferential illumination as layered net-to-gross (NTG) changes within the isolated thin bed, regardless of the way the internal layering is distributed — either uniformly or semirandomly. The NTG signature is observed on the amplitude (magnitude) responses, rather than any specific frequency or phase component. On the other hand, external mutual thin-bed interference can significantly change the preferred phase component for each participating target. This phenomenon is largely driven by the embedded seismic wavelet that determines the nominal seismic response of an isolated thin layer and what phase component would preferentially illuminate it. For vertical separations between mutually interfering and elastically comparable thin beds in which mutual constructive interference is achieved, the target bed will be preferentially illuminated at a phase component that is very close to that of a total seismic isolation, whereas the occurrence of mutual destructive interference will cause a significant departure on the phase preferential illumination from that of an isolated seismic thin bed. All these observations can provide an avenue to yield more robust stratigraphic interpretations of seismic data and enhance the confidence on subsurface description.

Paradoxical shifts in human color sensitivity caused by constructive and destructive interference between signals from the same cone class

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW STOCKMAN ◽  
ETHAN D. MONTAG ◽  
DANIEL J. PLUMMER
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromatic Adaptation ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Cone Type ◽  
Color Sensitivity ◽  
Background Fields

Paradoxical shifts in human color (spectral) sensitivity occur on deep-red (658 nm) background fields. As the radiance of the deep-red background is increased from low to moderate levels, the spectral sensitivity for detecting 15-Hz flicker shifts toward shorter wavelengths, although by more than is predicted by selective chromatic adaptation (e.g., Eisner & MacLeod, 1981; Stromeyer et al., 1987; Stockman et al., 1993). Remarkably, though, at higher background radiances, the spectral sensitivity then shifts precipitously back towards longer wavelengths. Here, we show that both effects are due in large part to destructive and constructive interference between signals generated by the same cone type. Contrary to the conventional model of the human visual system, the M- and L-cone types contribute not just the customary fast signals to the achromatic or luminance pathway, but also slower signals of the same or opposite sign. The predominant signs of the slow M- and L-cone signals change with background radiance, but always remain spectrally opposed (M-L or L-M). Consequently, when the slow and fast signals from one cone type destructively interfere, as they do near 15 Hz, those from the other cone type constructively interfere, causing the paradoxical shifts in spectral sensitivity. The shift in spectral sensitivity towards longer wavelengths is accentuated at higher temporal frequencies by a suppression of fast M-cone signals by deep-red fields.

Wavenumber Decomposition and Extremes of Atmospheric Meridional Energy Transport in the Northern Hemisphere Midlatitudes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Lembo ◽  
Gabriele Messori ◽  
Rune Graversen ◽  
Valerio Lucarini
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Planetary Waves ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Total Transport ◽  
Mean Meridional Circulation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seasonal Dependence

<p>The atmospheric meridional energy transport in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes is mainly accomplished by planetary and synoptic waves. A decomposition into wave components highlights the strong seasonal dependence of the transport, with both the total transport and the contributions from planetary and synoptic waves peaking in winter. In both winter and summer months, poleward transport extremes primarily result from a constructive interference between planetary and synoptic motions. The contribution of the mean meridional circulation is close to climatology. Equatorward transport extremes feature a mean meridional equatorward transport in winter, while the planetary and synoptic modes mostly transport energy poleward. In summer, a systematic destructive interference occurs, with planetary modes mostly transporting energy equatorward and synoptic modes again poleward. This underscores that baroclinic conversion dominates regardless of season in the synoptic wave modes, whereas the planetary waves can be either free or forced, depending on the season.</p>

The Question of Correlation between Photons in Coherent Light Rays

Nature ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 178 (4531) ◽  
pp. 481-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC BRANNEN ◽  
H. I. S. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Coherent Light ◽  
Light Rays

scholarly journals Design of Metasurface with Nanoslits on Elliptical Curves for Generation of Dual-Channel Vector Beams

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3024
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Ren ◽  
Manna Gu ◽  
Xiangyu Zeng ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Yuqin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Spin Component ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Vector Beams ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Difference Time

The manipulations of nanoscale multi-channel vector beams (VBs) by metasurfaces hold potential applications in various important fields. In this paper, the metasurface with two sets of nanoslits arranged on elliptic curves was proposed to generate the dual-channel focused vector beams (FVBs). Each set of nanoslits was composed of the in-phase and the out-of-phase groups of nanoslits to introduce the constructive interference and destructive interference of the output light field of the nanoslits, focusing the converted spin component and eliminating the incident spin component at the focal point. The two sets of nanoslits for the channels at the two focal points were interleaved on the same ellipses, and by setting their parameters independently, the FVBs in the two channels are generated under illumination of linearly polarized light, while their orders and polarization states of FVBs were controlled independently. The generation of the FVBs with the designed metasurfaces was demonstrated by the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and by the experimental verifications. The work in this paper is of great significance for the generation of miniaturized multi-channel VBs and for broadening the applications of metasurfaces.

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