scholarly journals Influence of socio-economic indicators and territorial networks at the spatiotemporal spread dynamics of Covid-19 in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Da Guia Albuquerque ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Angelita Fialho Silveira ◽  
Dardo Lorenzo Bornia Junior ◽  
Rozele Borges Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Spread Dynamics ◽  
The Face

This work aims to provide an overview of the territorial evolution of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in Brazil using socio-demographic variables, for the time span between February 26, 2020 until January 24, 2021. Socio-demographic indicators, basic sanitation infrastructure data, and epidemiological bulletins were integrated using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to develop a social vulnerability index (SVI), to estimate the degree of exposure risk of the Brazilian population to COVID-19. The results indicate that the majority of confirmed cases were reported from the main Brazilian capitals, linked to well-developed port and airport modes. In terms of deaths, the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Ceará and Pernambuco were at the top of the ranking. On the contrary, there were some states of the mid-west (Mato Grosso do Sul) and the north (Acre, Amapá, Roraima, Rondônia and Tocantins), that recorded low mortality indexes. The SVI reveals that the states of the north and north-east are the most vulnerable. Regarding the metropolitan areas, it was observed that the main capitals of the north and north-east, with the exception of Salvador, present significantly more critical numbers in terms of dissemination and deaths by COVID-19 than the capitals of the south-southeast, where the SVI is lower. The comparative exception was Santa Catarina state metropolitan areas. Finally, as the virus does not strike everyone in the same way, one of the great challenges is to search for solutions to cope with COVID-19 in the face of very unequal realities. Thus, a reflection on the strategies adopted by the Brazilian government is relevant, while considering the continental dimensions and the diversity of the Brazilian regions, to obtain a better analysis of the more vulnerable populations and social groups.

Levelling across the life‐span?: Tracing the face vowel in panel data from the North East of England

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Buchstaller ◽  
Anne Krause ◽  
Anja Auer ◽  
Stefanie Otte
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Life Span ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Overview on COVID-19 outbreak indicators across Brazilian federative units

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Maria Guerra-Shinohara ◽  
Simone Schneider Weber ◽  
Clovis Paniz ◽  
Guilherme Wataru Gomes ◽  
Eduardo Jun Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Study Results

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID 19) spread rapidly across Brazil. The country has 27 federative units, with wide regional differences related to climate, lifestyle habits, socioeconomic characteristics and population density. Therefore, we aimed to document and monitor the increase in COVID 19 cases across each federative unit in Brazil, by tracking its progression from inception to 15 May 2020. Methods: Observational study. Results: The first confirmed COVID 19 case in the country was notified in Sao Paulo on 26 February, while the first death occurred on 17 March, in Rio de Janeiro. Since then, there has been a dramatic increase in both confirmed cases and deaths from the disease. Sao Paulo, in the Southeast region, was initially considered the COVID 19 epidemic epicentre in Brazil. However, 10 states in the North and Northeast regions were ranked among the 14 highest incidences (over 100 cases per 100,000 people) observed on 15 May. Higher incidence rates (>100 cases per 100,000) were associated to higher rates of inadequate water supply and sewerage (OR, 5.83 (95% CI, 1.08 to 29.37, P=0.041)). North and Northeast states with the highest social vulnerability index scores had higher increases in the incidence rate between 14 April and 15 May. States with medium human development index (HDI) showed higher incidence increases from 14 April to 15 May, being seven of them with ratios in the range from 27.49 to 63.73 times. Conclusion: Spreading of COVID 19 in Brazil differs across both regions and federative units, being influenced by different socioeconomic contexts.

A Conservative Party? Pots and People in the Hebridean Neolithic

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Copper ◽  
Ian Armit
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Party ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
The Face

Recent analysis of the ceramic assemblage from the Neolithic loch islet settlement of Eilean Dòmhnuill, North Uist, in the Western Isles of Scotland has highlighted the intense conservatism of the potting traditions over a period of more than 800 years. Hebridean Neolithic pottery exhibits clear relationships with pottery from Argyll, Arran, and Bute, as well as Orkney and the north-east mainland of Scotland. It appears to have developed a distinctive, often decoratively elaborate regional form very soon after its initial appearance, which subsequently appears to have undergone little or no significant change until the introduction of Grooved Ware in the early 3rd millenniumbc. An association exists between large assemblages of elaborately decorated Hebridean pottery and a number of artificial islets in freshwater lochs, some very small and producing little or no evidence for domestic activities. This might be explained by the importance of commensality in mediating relations between small communities in the Western Isle at such sites following the introduction of agriculture in the 2nd quarter of the 4th millenniumbc. The conservatism and stasis evident at Eilean Dòmhnuill, in the face of environmental decline, raises wider issues around the adaptive capabilities of the first farming communities prior to significant social changes in the earlier 3rd millenniumbc.

Some Romano-British Sculptures from Ancaster and Wilsford, Lincolnshire

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Frere
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
The Core ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face

The purpose of this paper is to record three stones recently brought to my attention. The first was found about twenty years ago by Mr. Benjamin Wyles when digging a dyke in a field called the Long Liner near Slate House Farm, in the parish of Wilsford near Grantham. It is preserved in Wilsford church and is published by the kind permission of the Rector, the Rev. J. D. Smart. The other two, which are fragmentary, were found in the core of the north-east buttress of the east of Ancaster church in the course of reconstruction during August 1960. The wall, which is of the late twelfth century with flat plain buttresses, has had a fourteenth century window inserted into it, and has been repaired and refaced possibly at same time as the insertion of the window. There remain traces of the jamb-shafts and arch-springing of the original triple twelfth-century window. The wall developed serious settlement-cracks, and these were bonded by inserting concrete tie-beams behind the face of the wall, and at the same time grouting the loose core. Both stones are likely to have been built into the buttress in the twelfth century. I am indebted to Mr. L. H. Bond, L.R.I.B.A., for bringing them and the above facts to my notice, and to the Rev. L. W. B. Bacon, Vicar of Ancaster, for permission to publish.

scholarly journals Socio-economic deprivation and admission rates to secure forensic psychiatry services

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy W. Coid
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
District Health ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Geographical Locations

Annual admission rates from the North-East Thames Region to maximum- and medium-secure forensic psychiatry services demonstrated a highly significant correlation with social deprivation measured at district health authority level using the Jarman UPA 8. There were specific associations with the number of unemployed persons, overcrowded households, and persons from ethnic minorities in the districts studied. There was a 10-fold difference in treated prevalence rates across the region, indicating that certain purchasing authorities may be seriously underfunded to meet the needs of their catchment area populations for secure forensic psychiatry services. Further research is required into the nature of the association between admissions to these services and social deprivation. It is readily apparent that a new formula is required for the allocation of resources in the face of such wide disparities in demand from different geographical locations.

scholarly journals “Whey Aye My Good Sir”: Has Cheryl Fernandez-Versini’s Accent Moved from Tyneside English to RP?

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Victoria Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Speech Community ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Time Points ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Received Pronunciation ◽  
Time Point

This article analyses the speech of Cheryl Fernandez-Versini (nee Tweedy, formerly Cole), henceforth “Cheryl” , who experienced rapid geographical and socioeconomic mobility between 2002 and 2014. In 2002, Cheryl was a working-class 19-year-old from Newcastle Upon Tyne, north-east England. Since then, she has risen to fame on the talent show Popstars: The Rivals , in the girl band Girls Aloud , through her marriage to footballer Ashley Cole, and through her work as a judge on The X Factor , among other things. This paper seeks to analyse the effect this has had on her accent.Four recordings between 2002 and the present day are analysed to discuss changes to her original Tyneside English (TE) accent, specifically through the changing phonetics of the FACE  and the GOAT  vowels. These changes are discussed in terms of both the TE speech community and Cheryl’s personal experiences. The  two vowels have traditional diphthongs in TE which are different from the diphthongs in Received Pronunciation (RP). However, these vowels have been found to be undergoing dialect levelling, with many TE speakers producing them as the monophthongs found in the rest of the North (Watt 2000, 2002). The paper therefore investigates whether Cheryl follows the pattern of other TE speakers or moves towards RP.The recordings used are taken from online videos of interviews. The first time point studied is 2002, when Cheryl first rose to fame through Popstars: The Rivals , in which her GOAT  and FACE  vowels are shown to be the Northern monophthongs which have resulted from dialect levelling in TE. The intermediate time points studied are 2006 and 2011. In 2006, Cheryl was engaged to Ashley Cole and had been living and working in the south of England for 4 years. Both vowels move closer to RP in position but remain monophthongal. The 2011 recording is an interview in the US, during Cheryl’s brief career on American X Factor. The data for this time point are particularly interesting as the position of the vowels varies more, and the average position of both vowels does not fit the pattern of change, indicating style-shifting. The 2014 recording was the most recent interview of substantial length which could be found at the time of data collection. The analysis shows that Cheryl’s GOAT  vowel is significantly closer to RP than it was in 2002, despite remaining a monophthong, while her FACE  vowel appears to have become a diphthong as in RP.The results show that Cheryl does undergo lifespan change in these two vowels, being closer to RP at the time of writing than in 2002. However, the two intermediate time points studied show that these vowels do not change in parallel, as predicted by Watt (2000). The intermediate time points, in particular the 2011 data, give support to the conclusions of Rickford and Price (2013) and Bowie (2009) that in order to fully understand data on lifespan change, intermediate time points and factors other than age must be taken into account.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of the Ghiss Nekor aquifer in order to elaborate the aquifer contract

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Wissal Baite ◽  
A. Boukdir ◽  
A. Zitouni ◽  
S. D. Dahbi ◽  
H. Mesmoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Face ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Al Hoceima

The Ghiss-Nekor aquifer, located in the north-east of the action area of the ABHL, plays a strategic role in the drinkable water supply of the city of Al Hoceima and of the neighboring urban areas. It also participates in the irrigation of PMH. However, this aquifer has problems such as over-exploitation and pollution. In the face of these problems, the only Solution is the establishment of a new mode of governance, which privileges the participation, the involvement and the responsibility of the actors concerned in a negotiated contractual framework, namely the aquifer contract. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the current state of the Ghiss Nekor aquifer, the hydrogeological characterization of the aquifer, the use of the waters of the aquifer, the Problem identification and the introduction of the aquifer contract, which aims at the participatory and sustainable management of underground water resources in the Ghiss- Nekor plain, to ensure sustainable development.

scholarly journals Study of Physical Vulnerability Mapping of the Coastal Areas of North - East Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Agus Sumardi ◽  
Eldina Fatimah ◽  
Nizamuddin Nizamuddin
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability ◽  
Physical Vulnerability ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The coastal physical vulnerability study conducted in the North-East coast region of Aceh, which was focused on the calculation of the physical vulnerability index based on the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) method which was integrated with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the most dominant contribution to coastal vulnerability. The index is calculated based on six variables: geomorphology, coastal erosion, slope, changes in sea level, wave height and tidal range. Basically, the emphasis on methodological aspects is related to: (i) the use of GIS techniques to construct, interpolate, filter, and sample data for shoreline networks, (ii) physical vulnerability calculations using the CVI method approach, and (iii) values CVI is applied in vulnerability maps using the GIS program by providing CVI ratings to three levels, namely low, medium, and high. The results of this study indicate that the coastal physical vulnerability of the North East Aceh region is dominated by a moderate level of vulnerability of 83.61% with 51 sub-districts, and then a low vulnerability of 9.84% with 6 sub-districts, and a high vulnerability of 6.56% with 4 sub-districts out of a total of 61 Districts in 10 Regencies / Cities on the North-East coast of Aceh. According to physical conditions, each variable has the same weight, so that each variable has the same contribution to the vulnerability index of the North-East coastal region of Aceh.

Contributions to the Craniology of the People of the Empire of India. Part I.—The Hill Tribes of the North-East Frontier and the People of Burma

1899 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 550-552
Author(s):  
Wm. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Short Account ◽  
The Public ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hill Tribes ◽  
The Hill

AbstractThe author contributes the first of a series of memoirs on the craniology of the natives of the countries comprising the Empire of India. The skulls of the hill tribes were from the Lushai-Chin hill tracts, the Nágá Mountains near Manipur, and Nepaul. The author was indebted for the majority of the specimens to former pupils engaged in the public service in India. A short account of the geographical position and of the external characters of the tribes is given, compiled from the writings more especially of Captain Butler, Colonel Lewin, Colonel Woodthorpe, Surgeon-Colonel Reid, General Sir James Johnstone, and from notes furnished to the author by Surgeon-Captain D. Macbeth Moir, Dr C. L. Williams, Surgeon-Major D. H. Graves, Surgeon-Major Bannerman, and Surgeon-Colonel F. W. Wright.Eleven adult skulls from the Lushai-Chin hill tracts were examined—nine of which were those of men, two of women. Their characters and measurements were described in detail. Four specimens were dolichocephalic, index below 75; five were between 75 and 77·5, and two from the South Lushai hill tracts were above 80; the mean of the series was 76·l. When the two brachycephalic skulls are excluded the mean index was 74·6, so that the people are in the main dolichocephalic. As regards the relation of length to height the mean of the series was 73·8, and as a rule the breadth exceeded the height. Generally speaking the face was orthognathous and chamæprosopic, the nose was mesorhine, the orbit was megaseme, and the palato-alveolar arch was brachyuranic. The mean cubic capacity of the skulls of nine men was 1353 c.cm., the range being from 1270 to 1480.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in Brazil (1996- 2015): temporal modeling using inflection point regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Silva de Paiva ◽  
Jussara Almeida de Oliveira Baggio ◽  
Thiago Cavalcanti Leal ◽  
Leonardo Feitosa da Silva ◽  
Lucas Gomes Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Temporal Modeling ◽  
The North

Background: cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are the second leading cause of death in the world. Objective: to analyze the trend of mortality from CVD in Brazil (1996-2015) and its association with the human development index (HDI) and the social vulnerability index (IVS). Methods: this is an ecological study involving mortality rates standardized by CVDD. Death data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. For temporal analyzes, the inflection point regression model was used, with the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC), with a confidence interval of 95% and significance of 5%. The trends were classified as increasing, decreasing or stationary. The multivariate regression model was used to test the association between mortality from CVD, HDI and IVS. Results: 1,850,811 deaths due to CVD were recorded in the studied period. There was a reduction in the national mortality rate (APC:-2.4; p=0.001). Twenty federative units showed significant trends, 13 of which were decreasing, including all from the Midwest (n=4), Southeast (n=4) and South (n=3) regions. The HDI had a positive association and the IVS, a negative association with mortality (p=0.046 and p=0.026, respectively). Conclusion: the study showed an unequal epidemiological behavior of mortality among the regions, being higher in the states of the Southeast and South, but with a significant tendency to decrease, and lower in the states of the North and Northeast, but with a significant trend of growth. HDI and IVS were associated with mortality.

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