Desirability of Tribo-Performance of Natural Based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Composites: A Concise Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Dhandapani ◽  
Senthilkumar Krishnasamy ◽  
Thitinun Ungtrakul ◽  
Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani ◽  
Rajini Nagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Sliding Distance

Tribology, which may be defined as an interdisciplinary subject, deals with relative motion between two or more bodies, i.e., surfaces that are interacting relatively. Thus, tribology is a science covering three vital classes, namely, 1) wear, 2) friction, and 3) lubrication. The focus of this article is to bring out the elements that are influencing the wear-resisting behavior of thermosetting and thermoplastic composites with natural-based constituents. It was also identified from the literature sources that 1) the treatments on the natural fibers acting as reinforcement and 2) the addition of fillers in resin acting as matrix could improve the wear-resisting behavior of the composites. Additionally, other conditions such as 1) sliding speed, 2) sliding velocity, 3) sliding distance, and 4) operating temperature could also influence the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of the natural-based composites.

ADHESIVE WEAR AND FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF MULTILAYERED POLYESTER COMPOSITE BASED ON BETELNUT FIBER MATS UNDER WET CONTACT CONDITIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. YOUSIF ◽  
ALVIN DEVADAS ◽  
TALAL F. YUSAF
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Wet Contact

In the current study, a multilayered polyester composite based on betelnut fiber mats is fabricated. The adhesive wear and frictional performance of the composite was studied against a smooth stainless steel at different sliding distances (0–6.72 km) and applied loads (20–200 N) at 2.8 m/s sliding velocity. Variations in specific wear rate and friction coefficient were evaluated at two different orientations of fiber mat; namely parallel (P–O) and normal (N–O). Results obtained were presented against sliding distance. The worn surfaces of the composite were studied using an optical microscope. The effect of the composite sliding on the stainless steel counterface roughness was investigated. The results revealed that the wear performance of betelnut fiber reinforced polyester (BFRP) composite under wet contact condition was highly dependent on test parameters and fiber mat orientation. The specific wear rate performance for each orientation showed an inverse relationship to sliding distance. BFRP composite in N–O exhibited better wear performance compared with P–O. However, the friction coefficient in N–O was higher than that in P–O at lower range of applied load. The predominant wear mechanism was debonding of fiber with no pullout or ploughing. Moreover, at higher applied loads, micro- and macrocracking and fracture were observed in the resinous region.

scholarly journals Friction and Wear Behavior of Polyimide Composites Reinforced by Surface-Modified Poly-p-Phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) Fibers in High Ambient Temperatures

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Yu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Tang ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Interface Properties ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Friction And Wear Behavior ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

(1) In order to improve the properties of antifriction and wear resistance of polyimide (PI) composite under high temperature conditions, (2) 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and Lanthanum (La) salt modifications were employed to manufacture poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO)/PI composites with different interface properties. The representative ambient temperatures of 130 and 260 °C were chosen to study the friction and wear behavior of composites with different interface properties. (3) Results revealed that while both modification methods can improve the chemical activity of the surface of PBO fibers, the La salt modification is more effective. The friction coefficient of all composites decreases with the increase of sliding velocity and load at two temperatures, and the specific wear rate is increases. Contrary to the situation in the 130 °C environment, the wear resistance of the unmodified composite in the 260 °C environment is greatly affected by the sliding velocity and load, while the modified composites are less affected. Under the same test parameters, the PBO–La/PI composite has the lowest specific wear rate and friction coefficient, and (4) La salt modification is a more effective approach to improve the properties of antifriction and wear resistance of PI composite than APTES modification in high ambient temperatures.

Effect of Linear Sliding Speed on Wear Behavior of Al2O3/TiC Ceramic Composite and Diamond Slicing Blade

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Witsarut Penglao ◽  
Luangvaranunt Tachai ◽  
Boonrat Lohwongwatana
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Sliding Distance

Pin-on-disk technique was used as a tool to study the tribological properties of contacting surfaces of alumina-titanium carbide composite material and diamond slicing blade. Conditions for testing are linear sliding speed between 0.2 and 0.4 m/s under applied load of 10 N and sliding distance up to 5000 m. The physical properties of both specimens which are mass loss, surface roughness and morphology of worn surface are investigated. The effect of linear sliding speed is analyzed in term of friction coefficient, surface roughness, and specific wear rate. It was found that, at initial state of wear, when sliding distant is less than 1000 m, the wear is severe, as seen by high values of specific wear rate and large fluctuation of friction coefficient. Worn surface of AlTiC is rougher than as-received condition. For a longer sliding distant, milder abrasion is found, as seen by the lower specific wear rate, and less fluctuation of friction coefficient, which produces worn AlTiC surface which is smoother than the as-received condition.

scholarly journals Influence of Test Conditions on Sliding Wear Performance of High Velocity Air Fuel-Sprayed WC–CoCr Coatings

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3074
Author(s):  
Kaveh Torkashvand ◽  
Vinod Krishna Selpol ◽  
Mohit Gupta ◽  
Shrikant Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Sliding Distance

Sliding wear performance of thermal spray WC-based coatings has been widely studied. However, there is no systematic investigation on the influence of test conditions on wear behaviour of these coatings. In order to have a good understanding of the effect of test parameters on sliding wear test performance of HVAF-sprayed WC–CoCr coatings, ball-on-disc tests were conducted under varying test conditions, including different angular velocities, loads and sliding distances. Under normal load of 20 N and sliding distance of 5 km (used as ‘reference’ conditions), it was shown that, despite changes in angular velocity (from 1333 rpm up to 2400 rpm), specific wear rate values experienced no major variation. No major change was observed in specific wear rate values even upon increasing the load from 20 N to 40 N and sliding distance from 5 km to 10 km, and no significant change was noted in the prevailing wear mechanism, either. Results suggest that no dramatic changes in applicable wear regime occur over the window of test parameters investigated. Consequently, the findings of this study inspire confidence in utilizing test conditions within the above range to rank different WC-based coatings.

Investigation of the Wear Behavior of AA6082 Against Different Counterparts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye İpek Ayvaz ◽  
Mehmet Ayvaz
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Oxidation Wear

In this study, the effect of different counterparts on the wear resistance of AA6082 aluminum alloy was investigated. In tests using pin-on-disk method, 6 mm diameter Al2O3, 100Cr6 and WC-6Co balls were used as counterparts. The tests were carried out using 500 m sliding distance and 5N load. The lowest specific wear rate was measured as 7.58x10-4 mm3/Nm in WC-6Co / AA6082 couple, and the highest value was measured as 9.71x10-4 mm3/Nm in 100Cr6/AA6082 couple. In the Al2O3/AA6082 couple, the specific wear rate of the AA6082-T6 sample was determined as 8.23x10-4 mm3/Nm.While it was observed that the dominant wear type in the 100Cr6/AA6082 pair was abrasive wear, oxidation wear and oxide tribofilm were detected in the WC-6Co/AA6082 and Al2O3/AA6082 couple besides the abrasive wear.

Specific Wear Rate of Kenaf Epoxy Composite and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Epoxy Composite in Dry Sliding

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmiah Kasolang ◽  
Mohamad Ali Ahmad ◽  
Mimi Azlina Abu Bakar ◽  
Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Wear Tests

This paper presents an experimental investigation carried out to compare specific wear rate and surface morphology between two types of natural fibres namely kenaf and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Kenaf fibres were received in long fiber size and OPEFB in different sizes (100, 125, 180 and 250 μm). Both materials were mixed with the epoxy resin to produce epoxy composites. Wear tests were carried out using Abrasion Resistance Tester in dry sliding condition. These tests were performed at room temperature for different loads and at a constant sliding velocity of 1.4m/s. Based on the results, the specific wear rate of Kenaf Fibre composite starts to converge to one similar value beyond 6km distance. In the case of OPEFB epoxy composite, it was found the fiber size of 100 um has produced the highest specific wear rate.

Friction Coefficient and Wear Rate of Different Materials Sliding Against Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Ss 304

This paper examines the relation between friction/wear and different types of steel materials under different normal loads and sliding velocities and to explore the possibility of adding controlled normal load and sliding velocity to a mechanical process. In order to do so, a pin on disc apparatus is designed and fabricated. Experiments are carried out when different types of disc materials such as stainless steel 304 (SS 304), stainless steel 316 (SS 316) and mild steel slide against stainless steel 304 (SS 304) pin. Variations of friction coefficient with the duration of rubbing at different normal loads and sliding velocities are investigated. Results show that friction coefficient varies with duration of rubbing, normal load and sliding velocity. In general, friction coefficient increases for a certain duration of rubbing and after that it remains constant for the rest of the experimental time. The obtained results reveal that friction coefficient decreases with the increase in normal load for all the tested materials. It is also found that friction coefficient increases with the increase in sliding velocity for all the materials investigated. Moreover, wear rate increases with the increase in normal load and sliding velocity. At identical operating condition, the magnitudes of friction coefficient and wear rate are different for different materials depending on sliding velocity and normal load.

Sliding Wear Behavior of a Duplex Stainless Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Mestra ◽  
Gemma Fargas ◽  
Marc Anglada ◽  
Antonio Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Sliding Distance

Duplex stainless steels contain similar amounts of austenite  and ferrite α. This two-phase microstructure leads to an excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, there are few works dealing with the wear behaviour of these steels. This paper aims to determine the sliding wear mechanisms of a duplex stainless steel type 2205. In order to do it, three different sliding velocities (0.2, 0.7 and 1.2 m/s) and six sliding distances (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 m) were selected. The results show that wear rate depends on both sliding velocity and sliding distance. The wear mechanisms detected were plowing, microcracking and microcutting (typical mechanisms of fatigue wear). These mechanisms evolve according to sliding velocity and sliding distance, highlighting a transition zone in which wear rate is reduced.

Optimization of dry sliding wear parameters of recursive friction stir processed aluminium 7075 alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012094161
Author(s):  
G Girish ◽  
V Anandakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Sliding Distance

In this work, the dry sliding wear behaviour of recursively friction stir processed AA7075 was investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing apparatus. The microstructure of the processed specimen was probed using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi experimental design by varying three different parameters like load, sliding velocity and sliding distance, and the analysis of variance was performed to identify the influence of the parameters over the wear rate. From the main effect plot, the combination of 9.81 N of load, 2 m/s of sliding velocity and a sliding distance of 2000 m was identified as the optimum levels that minimize the wear rate. The regression model was developed to calculate the wear rate, and the validation test was performed with the optimum parameter combination and compared with the experimental results. Wear tracks were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy to identify the type of wear mechanism.

Effect of Normal Stiffness in Loading System on Wear of Carbon Steel—Part 2: Dynamic Normal Load and Effective Sliding Distance

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Chiou ◽  
K. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Normal Stiffness ◽  
Loading System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sliding Distance

In order to explain the effect of normal stiffness in the loading system on wear, the mean dynamic normal load and the effective sliding distance were determined from the record of dynamic normal load. The mean dynamic normal load was approximately constant at normal stiffnesses smaller than 10 N/mm and increased markedly at normal stiffnesses larger than 103 N/mm. The effective sliding distance was approximately equal to the apparent sliding distance at normal stiffnesses smaller than 10 N/mm and decreased markedly at normal stiffnesses larger than 103 N/mm. The effective wear rate was newly defined in terms of the effective sliding distance. The change of effective wear rate with the change of sliding velocity was linearly correlated to the change of mean dynamic normal load under each normal load and normal stiffness.

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