scholarly journals New mechanism for the cosmological red-shift explaining: non-observation of dark energy, large-number- coincidence and the cosmic coincidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Hasmukh K. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Equivalent Mass ◽  
The Universe

<p>Accepting Einstein’s General Relativity Theory, that the changes in the gravitational field can propagate at the speed of light, it is proposed here that: before an electron in an atom emits a photon, the energy (<em>h f<sub>0</sub></em>) of the photon was a part of total energy of the atom; contributing to establish the gravitational-field around the atom. As soon as an electron in that atom emits a photon of energy <em>h f<sub>0</sub></em>, and the photon starts moving away from the atom, the gravitational-field around the atom partly reduces, proportional to the photon’s energy <em>h f<sub>0</sub></em>, and this wave of ‘reduced gravitational field’ propagates radially-outwards at the speed of light. And a part of energy of the photon gets spent in “filling” the ‘gravitational potential-well’ produced by its energy, when it was a part of energy of the atom. From the derivation presented here we find that the energy spent by the photon to “fill” the ‘gravitational potential-well’, during its inter-galactic journey manifests as the ‘cosmological red-shift’. And the so called ‘total-mass-of-the-universe'’ and ‘radius-of-the-universe'’ are just mathematically-equivalent mass and distance arising while converting electrostatic potential-energy into gravitational potential-energy. This is the reason why we find the large-number-coincidence (LNC). And since there is no expansion of the universe, there is no ‘cosmic coincidence’, that why only in this epoch we find the ‘large-number-coincidence’!</p>

Red shift of photon frequency in the gravitational field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Tong Wang ◽  
Jiangdi Fan ◽  
Aaron X. Kan
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Photon Frequency

It has been well known that there is a redshift of photon frequency due to the gravitational potential. Scott et al. [Can. J. Phys. 44 (1966) 1639, https://doi.org/10.1139/p66-137 ] pointed out that general relativity theory predicts the gravitational redshift. However, using the quantum mechanics theory related to the photon Hamiltonian and photon Schrodinger equation, we calculate the redshift due to the gravitational potential. The result is exactly the same as that from the general relativity theory.

Accretion onto a Black Hole

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Bailyn
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Accretion Flows ◽  
Flow Geometry

This chapter explores the ways that accretion onto a black hole produces energy and radiation. As material falls into a gravitational potential well, energy is transformed from gravitational potential energy into other forms of energy, so that total energy is conserved. Observing such accretion energy is one of the primary ways that astrophysicists pinpoint the locations of potential black holes. The spectrum and intensity of this radiation is governed by the geometry of the gas flow, the mass infall rate, and the mass of the accretor. The simplest flow geometry is that of a stationary object accreting mass equally from all directions. Such spherically symmetric accretion is referred to as Bondi-Hoyle accretion. However, accretion flows onto black holes are not thought to be spherically symmetric—the infall is much more frequently in the form of a flattened disk.

scholarly journals Mach principle based explanation for the ‘cosmological red-shift’ and it’s evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Hasmukh K. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Gravitational Effect ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Mach Principle ◽  
Electrostatic Potential Energy ◽  
Pioneer 10

<p>We first find here that the ratio of: (loss in energy of cosmologically red-shifting photon) and (loss in electrostatic potential-energy of an electron at the same distance <em>D</em>) remains equal to the famous ratio (G m<sub>e </sub>m<sub>p</sub>) / e<sup>2</sup> leading us towards a possibility that ‘cosmological red-shift’ may be due to gravitational effect. Also the ratio <em>h H<sub>0</sub> / m<sub>e</sub> c<sup>2 </sup>= (G m<sub>e </sub>m<sub>p</sub>) / e<sup>2</sup></em>. Starting with Mach’s principle, that ‘mass’ of an object is because of its ‘cosmic gravitational potential energy’, we arrive at a possibility that every moving chunk of matter and energy should experience a fixed value of acceleration <em>H<sub>0 </sub>c</em>. For the purpose of comparison, we express the ‘cosmological red shift’ as deceleration of the photon, and find that the deceleration experienced by the photon matches perfectly with the expected value. Then it is argued that if such a deceleration is true for a chunk of energy called photon, then it must be true for every particle of matter too. Strikingly, the decelerations experienced by the space-probes Pioneer-10, Pioneer-11, Galileo and Ulysses, as carefully measured by Anderson J.D. ET. Al. Match perfectly with the deceleration of the ‘cosmologically red-shifting photons’; thus providing supportive evidence for the new explanation proposed here.</p>

scholarly journals Explosions from stellar collapse

2003 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
Chris L. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Massive Star ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Stellar Collapse ◽  
The Universe

The collapse of a massive star releases a considerable amount of gravitational potential energy. This energy is believed to be the power source of some of the largest explosions in the universe: supernovae, hypernovae, gamma-ray bursts. In this proceedings, we review the mechanisms by which the potential energy from stellar collapse can be tapped to produce these strong explosions, emphasizing how our understanding of massive stars can help constrain these mechanisms.

Tracker-assisted modelling: simultaneous validation of the conservation law of energy and the work-energy theorem

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 015012
Author(s):  
Unofre B Pili ◽  
Renante R Violanda
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Conservation Law ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Free Falling ◽  
Work Done

Abstract The video of a free-falling object was analysed in Tracker in order to extract the position and time data. On the basis of these data, the velocity, gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and the work done by gravity were obtained. These led to a rather simultaneous validation of the conservation law of energy and the work–energy theorem. The superimposed plots of the kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the total energy as respective functions of time and position demonstrate energy conservation quite well. The same results were observed from the plots of the potential energy against the kinetic energy. On the other hand, the work–energy theorem has emerged from the plot of the total work-done against the change in kinetic energy. Because of the accessibility of the setup, the current work is seen as suitable for a home-based activity, during these times of the pandemic in particular in which online learning has remained to be the format in some countries. With the guidance of a teacher, online or face-to-face, students in their junior or senior high school—as well as for those who are enrolled in basic physics in college—will be able to benefit from this work.

scholarly journals Walking in simulated reduced gravity: mechanical energy fluctuations and exchange

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Griffin ◽  
Neil A. Tolani ◽  
Rodger Kram
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Reduced Gravity

Walking humans conserve mechanical and, presumably, metabolic energy with an inverted pendulum-like exchange of gravitational potential energy and horizontal kinetic energy. Walking in simulated reduced gravity involves a relatively high metabolic cost, suggesting that the inverted-pendulum mechanism is disrupted because of a mismatch of potential and kinetic energy. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the fluctuations and exchange of mechanical energy of the center of mass at different combinations of velocity and simulated reduced gravity. Subjects walked with smaller fluctuations in horizontal velocity in lower gravity, such that the ratio of horizontal kinetic to gravitational potential energy fluctuations remained constant over a fourfold change in gravity. The amount of exchange, or percent recovery, at 1.00 m/s was not significantly different at 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50 G (average 64.4%), although it decreased to 48% at 0.25 G. As a result, the amount of work performed on the center of mass does not explain the relatively high metabolic cost of walking in simulated reduced gravity.

scholarly journals Feedback of outflows in the Taurus Molecular Cloud

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S292) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Huixian Li ◽  
Di Li ◽  
Rendong Nan
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Molecular Cloud ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Total Kinetic Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Taurus Molecular Cloud

AbstractWe collected 27 outflows from the literature and found 8 new ones in the FCRAO CO maps of the Taurus molecular cloud. The total kinetic energy of the 35 outflows is found to be about 3% of the gravitational potential energy from the whole cloud. The feedback effect due to the outflows is minor in Taurus.

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