2.1 Black fungi inhabiting rock surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-86
Author(s):  
Claudia Coleine ◽  
Laura Selbmann
Keyword(s):  
Black Fungi

scholarly journals Muellerella, a lichenicolous fungal genus recovered as polyphyletic within Chaetothyriomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-381
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Sergio Pérez-Ortega ◽  
Damien Ertz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
Black Fungi ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Multilocus Phylogeny

AbstractMolecular data and culture-dependent methods have helped to uncover the phylogenetic relationships of numerous species of lichenicolous fungi, a specialized group of taxa that inhabit lichens and have developed diverse degrees of specificity and parasitic behaviors. The majority of lichenicolous fungal taxa are known in either their anamorphic or teleomorphic states, although their anamorph-teleomorph relationships have been resolved in only a few cases. The pycnidium-forming Lichenodiplis lecanorae and the perithecioid taxa Muellerella atricola and M. lichenicola were recently recovered as monophyletic in Chaetothyriales (Eurotiomycetes). Both genera are lichenicolous on multiple lichen hosts, upon which they show a subtle morphological diversity reflected in the description of 14 species in Muellerella (of which 12 are lichenicolous) and 12 in Lichenodiplis. Here we focus on the teleomorphic genus Muellerella and investigate its monophyly by expanding the taxon sampling to other species occurring on diverse lichen hosts. We generated molecular data for two nuclear and one mitochondrial loci (28S, 18S and 16S) from environmental samples. The present multilocus phylogeny confirms the monophyletic lineage of the teleomorphic M. atricola and M. lichenicola with their L. lecanorae-like anamorphs, but places the rest of the Muellerella species studied in two different monophyletic lineages with strong support. The first, Muellerella spp. 1, is nested within some new lineages of black fungi isolated from different epilithic lichen thalli, while the second, Muellerella spp. 2, is closely related to the Verrucariales. Based on these results, we reappraise the phylogenetic placement of Muellerella and suggest its polyphyly within Chaetothyriomycetidae.

Black fungi: clinical and pathogenic approaches

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. de Hoog ◽  
F. Queiroz-Telles ◽  
G. Haase ◽  
G. Fernandez-Zeppenfeldt ◽  
D. Attili Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Fungi

Leaf-cutting ants: an unexpected microenvironment holding human opportunistic black fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. M. Duarte ◽  
D. Attili-Angelis ◽  
N. C. Baron ◽  
L. C. Forti ◽  
F. C. Pagnocca
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Black Fungi

scholarly journals UJI DAYA HAMBAT JAMUR ENDOFIT AKAR BAKAU Rhizophora apiculata TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiae coli

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riskah Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Advance Study ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Black Fungi ◽  
Mangrove Roots

Abstract: Endophytic Fungus is a microbial resources whichexist in the plant tissues and produce bioactive compounds which potentially could be developed into raw materials for drugs/medicine, such as anticancer and antibiotics. Endophytic Fungi could be found on many plants, such as Rhizophora apiculata, one of the mangroves found in Indonesia. This research aims  to procure the endophytic fungal isolates from the mangrove roots Rhizophora apiculataand to test the activity of anti-bacterial of endophytic fungi on bacterium Staphylococcus aureus andEscherichiae coli. This research was done in Pharmacology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine on Sam Ratulangi University, Manado from November 2013 to January 2014. This research was an experimental research in the laboratory using the Control Trial Design. The endophytic fungi was cultured on carbohydrate-rich media, and then the bioactivity on the experimental bacterium was tested. The result of the research showed that there were two endophytic fungals isolates procured, which were black fungi and white fungi. As antibacterial activity, both of the endophytic fungi showed that there was an inhibition at the two experimental fungis. The antibacterial’s activity testing of mangrove roots Rhizophora apiculataon the growth of bacterial Staphylococcus aureusandEscherichiae coliwas showing an inhibitory effect to both of the fungi. Advance study are needed. Keyword: Antibacterial, endophytic fungi, endophytic microbes, Rhizophora apiculata  Abstrak: Jamur endofit merupakan suatu sumber daya mikroba yang terdapat dalam jaringan tumbuhan dan memproduksi senyawa-senyawa bioaktif yang potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi bahan baku obat, seperti antikanker dan antibiotik. Jamur endofit dapat ditemukan pada berbagai jenis tumbuhan, seperti misalnya Rhizophora apiculata, salah satu tumbuhan bakau yang banyak dijumpai di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat jamur endofit dari akar bakau Rhizophora apiculata, dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri jamur endofit tersebut terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiae coli. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado Sejak bulan November 2013 hingga Januari 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan rancangan control trial. Secara umum, jamur endofit dikultur dalam media kaya karbohidrat, kemudian diuji bioaktivitasnya terhadap bakteri uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua isolat jamur endofit yang dihasilkan, yaitu jamur hitam dan jamur putih. Pada pengujian antibakteri, kedua jamur endofit tersebut menunjukkan adanya daya hambat pertumbuhan kedua bakteri uji. Uji aktivitas antibakteri akar bakau Rhizophora apiculata terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiae coli memberikan efek penghambatan terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut. Perlu diadakan penelitian lebih lanjut. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Jamur endofit, Mikroba endofit, Rhizophora apiculata

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Sites: Is There Something More Than Exophiala xenobiotica? New Insights into Black Fungal Diversity Using the Long Cold Incubation Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Daniela Isola ◽  
Alessandra Scano ◽  
Germano Orrù ◽  
Francesc Xavier Prenafeta-Boldú ◽  
Laura Zucconi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Taxa ◽  
Black Fungi ◽  
Incubation Method

Human-made hydrocarbon-rich environments are important reservoirs of microorganisms with specific degrading abilities and pathogenic potential. In particular, black fungi are of great interest, but their presence in the environment is frequently underestimated because they are difficult to isolate. In the frame of a biodiversity study from fuel-contaminated sites involving 30 diesel car tanks and 112 fuel pump dispensers (52 diesel and 60 gasoline, respectively), a total of 181 black fungal strains were isolated. The long cold incubation (LCI) of water-suspended samples, followed by plating on Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC), gave isolation yields up to six times (6.6) higher than those of direct plating on DRBC, and those of enrichment with a phenolic mix. The sequencing of ITS and LSU-rDNA confirmed the dominance of potentially pathogenic fungi from the family Herpotrichiellaceae and Exophiala xenobiotica. Moreover, other opportunistic species were found, including E. opportunistica, E. oligosperma, E. phaeomuriformis, and Rhinocladiella similis. The recurrent presence of E. crusticola, Knufia epidermidis, Aureobasidium melanogenum, Cladosporium spp., and Scolecobasidium spp. was also recorded. Interestingly, 12% of total isolates, corresponding to 50% of taxa found (16/32), represent new species. All the novel taxa in this study were isolated by LCI. These findings suggest that black fungal diversity in hydrocarbon-rich niches remains largely unexplored and that LCI can be an efficient tool for further investigations.

Infections caused by black fungi

1987 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 1300-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Black Fungi

scholarly journals CNS Infections Caused by Brown-Black Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Velasco ◽  
Sanjay Revankar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Cns Infections ◽  
Black Fungi

Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by brown-black or dematiaceous fungi are distinctly rare and represent a small proportion of infections termed phaeohyphomycoses. However, these are becoming more commonly reported. Though many fungi have been implicated in disease, most cases are caused by only a few species, Cladophialophora bantiana being the most common. Most of the fungi described are molds, and often cause infection in immunocompetent individuals, in contrast to infection with other more common molds such as Aspergillus, which is usually seen in highly immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is challenging, as there are no specific tests for this group of fungi. In addition, these infections are often refractory to standard drug therapies, requiring an aggressive combined surgical and medical approach to improve outcomes, yet mortality remains high. There are no standardized treatments due to a lack of randomized clinical trials, though guidelines have been published based on available data and expert opinion.

Molecular Docking Studies on the Anti-Fungal Activity of Allium Sativum (Garlic) Against Mucormycosis (Black Fungus) by BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 21.1.0.0

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaweta Sharma ◽  
Akhil Sharma ◽  
Utsav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Inhibition Constant ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Glucan Synthase ◽  
Fungal Protein ◽  
Discovery Studio ◽  
Black Fungi

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major concern. However, its association and rising cases of mucormycosis, also known as black fungus make the scenario even more troublesome. In addition, no specific medication against mucormycosis/black fungus makes things even worse.Objective: Garlic phytoconstituents have shown remarkable antifungal properties against various fungal species in various studies. Thus, the objective of the study was to check the potency of garlic phytoconstituents against the 1,3-beta-glucan synthase fungal protein using in-silico methods.Method: Auto Dock was used to evaluate selected garlic phytochemical molecules against 1,3-beta-glucan synthase fungal protein, and Discovery studio visualizer was used to create 3D and 2D interaction photos.Results: Five out of 9 phytoconstituents were found to form conventional hydrogen bonds, and only alliin formed the highest number of hydrogen bonds. However, the binding energy and inhibition constant of all nine phytoconstituents were determined. Interestingly, Z-ajoene showed the lowest binding energy of -5.07 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 192.57µM.Conclusion: The results of our investigation suggested that garlic phytochemicals can have a good impact against black fungi, pertaining to the significant binding energies of phytoconstituents during blind docking. Specifically, Z-ajoene could be a good alternate against black fungi. However, detailed research is required to explore the antifungal activity of garlic against mucormycosis.

Black fungi: clinical and pathogenic approaches

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. de Hoog ◽  
F. Queiroz-Telles ◽  
G. Haase ◽  
G. Fernandez-Zeppenfeldt ◽  
D. Attili Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Fungi
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