Comparative studies on F-CB3 related antigen, fibrinogen degradation products, soluble fibrin monomer complexes and fibrinogen in patients with renal carcinoma

SummaryPerformance and applicability of ethanol-induced gelation and protamine-induced paracoagulation for the demonstration of soluble fibrin monomer complexes and fragment Xo complexes was studied by using 1. fibrin monomer plasma prepared by adding small amounts of thrombin to plasma, 2. clot lysis products, and 3. thrombin -treated mixture of fibrinogen degradation products and plasma. To increase the specificity of the protamine tests only visible fibrin strand formation was recorded as positive. In addition to qualitative tests the amount of paracoagulable material was measured by a spectrophotometric method.The ethanol gelation test proved very simple, reproducible and considerably more sensitive than the protamine tests in demonstrating soluble fibrin monomer complexes, irrespective of whether fibrinogen degradation products were present or not. On the other hand, the protamine tests were clearly superior for demonstration of clot lysis products (fragment Xo complexes). Therefore it seems advisable to perform both types of tests when screening for intravascular coagulation.

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Analysis of fibrin formation and proteolysis during intravenous administration of ancrod

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v96.8.2793.h8002793_2793_2802 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 96 (8) ◽

pp. 2793-2802

Author(s):

Carl-Erik Dempfle ◽

Sotiria Argiriou ◽

Klaus Kucher ◽

H. Müller-Peltzer ◽

Klaus Rübsamen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Monomer Unit ◽

Threshold Concentration ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Fibrinogen Concentration ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Soluble Fibrin ◽

Fibrin Monomer ◽

High Concentrations

Ancrod is a purified fraction of venom from the Malayan pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma, currently under investigation for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Treatment with ancrod leads to fibrinogen depletion. The present study investigated the mechanisms leading to the reduction of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Twelve healthy volunteers received an intravenous infusion of 0.17 U/kg body weight of ancrod for 6 hours. Blood samples were drawn and analyzed before and at various time points until 72 hours after start of infusion. Ancrod releases fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen, leading to the formation of desAA-fibrin monomer. In addition, a considerable proportion of desA-profibrin is formed. Production of desA-profibrin is highest at low concentrations of ancrod, whereas desA-profibrin is rapidly converted to desAA-fibrin at higher concentrations of ancrod. Both desA-profibrin and desAA-fibrin monomers form fibrin complexes. A certain proportion of complexes carries exposed fibrin polymerization sites EA, indicating that the terminal component of the protofibril is a desAA-fibrin monomer unit. Soluble fibrin complexes potentiate tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced plasminogen activation. Significant amounts of plasmin are formed when soluble fibrin in plasma reaches a threshold concentration, leading to the proteolytic degradation of fibrinogen and fibrin. In the present setting, high concentrations of soluble fibrin are detected after 1 hour of ancrod infusion, whereas a rise in fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products, and plasmin-α2–plasmin inhibitor complex levels is first detected after 2 hours of ancrod infusion. Ancrod treatment also results in the appearance of cross-inked fibrin degradation productd-dimer in plasma.

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The Resistance of Soluble Derivatives of Fibrinogen and the Sensitivity of Its Insoluble Forms to Fibrinolytic Degradation in Blood

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647727 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 (02/03) ◽

pp. 582-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victor Gurewich ◽

Andrzej Nowak ◽

Izabella Lipinska ◽

Boguslaw Lipinski

Keyword(s):

Fibrinolytic Activity ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Venous Occlusion ◽

Protamine Sulfate ◽

Electrophoretic Method ◽

Soluble Fibrin ◽

Fibrin Degradation Products ◽

Fibrin Monomer ◽

Derivatives Of

SummaryThe effect of naturally induced fibrinolytic activity on fibrinogen and certain soluble and insoluble derivatives was studied. Experiments were performed on blood removed after venous occlusion of the arm and immediately after death. A previously described electrophoretic method was used by which the heterogeneity of fibrinogen can be demonstrated directly in intact plasma. It was shown that fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomer (FM) complexes and fibrin degradation products are resistant to degradation by naturally-induced fibrinolytic activity. By contrast, rapid lysis of fibrin, protamine sulfate (PS) precipitated fibrinogen, and PS and ethanol induced gels of FM occurred. The observations are believed relevant to our understanding of the pathway of fibrinogen and FM catabolism and the interpretation of the origin of serum FDP.

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The Effects of Infusing Thrombin and Its Acetylated Derivative

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651259 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 20 (01/02) ◽

pp. 190-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L Pechet ◽

A. M Engel ◽

C Goldstein ◽

B Glaser

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Hypercoagulable State ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽

Fibrin Monomer ◽

Lysis Time ◽

Factor Ii ◽

Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽

Fibrin Monomers

Summary and ConclusionsDogs and rabbits were infused with acetylated thrombin (thrombin E) and clotting thrombin (thrombin C). Similar effects were noted in both animal series. Very large amounts of thrombin E could be tolerated, but resulted in defibrination. Following a transient hypercoagulable state, the blood became unclottable. The platelets and factors I, V, and VIII were markedly decreased. Factor II was moderately affected and factor VII-X showed no significant changes in most experiments. The presence of fibrinogen degradation products was indicated by a delay in the polymerization of fibrin monomers.Based on the shortening of the euglobulin lysis time, a decrease in the proactivator, and the appearance of inhibitors of fibrin monomer polymerization, it is concluded that transient fibrinolysis is induced by the infusion of thrombin. Its immediate mechanism could not be determined.

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Interaction of Early Fibrinogen Degradation Products with Soluble Fibrin

Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis ◽

10.1159/000214022 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 189-197

Author(s):

B. Ly ◽

E. Jakobsen

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽

Soluble Fibrin

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DETECTION OF SOLUBLE FIBRIN MONOMER COMPLEXES - COMPARISON OF A HAEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY WITH THE ETHANOL GELATION TEST

10.1055/s-0038-1644886 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

G Oehler ◽

H Klaus ◽

E Spanuth ◽

K E Stötzer

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Positive Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Soluble Fibrin ◽

Fibrin Degradation Products ◽

Fibrin Monomer ◽

At Iii ◽

Positive Results ◽

Fibrin Monomers ◽

Gelation Test

Hypercoagulability and disseminated intravascularcoagulation (DIC) are characterized by the presenceof circulating fibrin monomer complexes in plasma.In342 patients with possible DIC fibrin monomers, fibrinogen, reptilase time, antithrombin III and othercoagulation parameters were determined at frequent intervals.Testing of soluble fibrin monomer complexeswas performed using a sensitive and reliable haemagglut- ination assay, with red cells sensitized by fibrin monomers (FM-Test) and the ethanol gelation test(EGT). Method comparison regarding the influence offibrinogen levels and fibrin degradation products shows that high fibrinogen levels lead to false positive results with EGT. The same effect is observed forfibrin degradation products and EGT whereas no influence of fibrinogen level and fibrin degradation products on the FM-Test occurs.It could be shown that with normal fibrinogen concentrations (200-400 mg/dl) the positive test results by FMT and EGT are comparable, whereas with fibrinogen concentrations below 200 mg/dl the number of positive results obtained with the EGT amounted to half the number given by FMT. In the case of fibrinogen concentrations above 400 mg/dl, positive results obtained with EGT were 3.3 times higher than FMT. Nearlyidentical results were obtained by comparing the influence of degradation products. In case of high degradation product concentrations, EGT gives 4.5 timesmore positive results than FMT.Further we compared the number of positive test results obtained by the FMT with the level of AT III because it is wellknown that the AT IIIHevel decreases caused by proteolytic activity generated in DIC.In this study it could be shown that fibrin monomer increases in parallel with the decrease of AT III. Thiseffect does not occur with fibrin degradation products.

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Measurement of soluble fibrin monomer-fibrinogen complex in plasmas derived from patients with various underlying clinical situations

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1613469 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (05) ◽

pp. 832-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yumiko Kazahaya ◽

Yuichi Shintani ◽

Kensuke Yamazumi ◽

Yutaka Eguchi ◽

Shin Koga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Research Society ◽

Distinct Entity ◽

Soluble Fibrin ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Fibrin Degradation Products ◽

Fibrin Monomer ◽

D Dimer

SummaryWe previously reported a monoclonal antibody named IF-43 that specifically recognizes thrombin-modified fibrinogen (desAA- and desAABB- fibrin monomer) bound with fibrinogen or other D1 domain-containing plasmic fragments such as fragments X, Y, and D1, but not intact fibrinogen or cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XDP). Here, we tentatively named such complexes, soluble fibrin monomer (FM) -fibrinogen complex.By utilizing IF-43, we have developed a kit to measure soluble FM-fibrinogen complex and compared the profiles with those of two established molecular markers for thrombo-embolic disorders: i.e. the thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and the D-dimer in plasma of patients who underwent surgery without any thrombo-embolic complications. The result indicated that soluble FM-fibrinogen complex is a distinct entity from the two established molecular markers. We have also attempted to observe their profiles in patients with the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC). Although the profiles of soluble FM-fibrinogen complex in individual patients appeared to vary from one patient to the other, the plasma level of soluble FM-fibrinogen complex was found to be increased at the initial phase of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Thus, the soluble FM-fibrinogen complex may serve as an independent molecular marker for the detection of thrombin generation and the diagnosis of thrombosis. The soluble FM-fibrinogen complex may also serve as a risk factor for thrombosis, because it may precipitate as insoluble complexes beyond its threshold in plasma, or when it is modified by thrombin.Part of this paper was originally presented at the 17th International Fibrinogen Workshop of the International Fibrinogen Research Society (IFRS) held in Munich, Germany, September, 2002.

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