scholarly journals Side effects of retinoid therapy on the quality of vision

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Bergler-Czop ◽  
Monika Bilewicz-Stebel ◽  
Anna Stańkowska ◽  
Teresa Bilewicz-Wyrozumska
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Ocular Side ◽  
Quality Of Vision ◽  
Retinoid Therapy ◽  
Retinoid Treatment

AbstractRetinoids are compounds chemically related to vitamin A, which are frequently used in dermatological practice (1). They are characterized by numerous mechanisms of action leading to normalization of keratinocyte proliferation and maturation. They have anti-seborrhoeic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects (1, 2). A number of side effects to retinoid treatment have been recorded; one group of such side effects relates to eyes and vision. Dry eye syndrome and blepharoconjunctivitis are the most common side effects, appearing in 20-50 % of patients treated with retinoids. They often contribute to the occurrence of other side-effects such as eye discomfort and contact lens intolerance. Due to the widespread use in clinical practice, the adverse effects, including ocular side effects, should be studied. To confirm the variety of adverse effects of retinoids, several case reports of rare side-effects are presented.

Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti- Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enes Akyüz ◽  
Mohd. Farooq Shaikh ◽  
Betül Köklü ◽  
Cansu Ozenen ◽  
Alina Arulsamy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
First Line ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Gaba Transmission

: Over the decades, various interventions have been developed and utilized to treat epilepsy. However, majority of epileptic patients are often first prescribed with anti-epileptic drugs (AED), now known as anti-seizure drugs (ASD), as a first line of defense to suppress their seizures and regain their quality of life. ASDs exert their anti-convulsant effects through various mechanisms of action including regulation of ion channels, blocking of glutamate-mediated stimulating neurotransmitter interaction, and enhancing the inhibitory GABA transmission. About one third of epileptic patients are often resistant to anti-convulsant drugs, while others develop numerous side effects which may lead to treatment discontinuation and further deterioration of quality of life. Common side effects of ASDs include headache, nausea and dizziness. However, more adverse effects such as auditory and visual problems, skin problems, liver dysfunction, pancreatitis and kidney disorders may also be witnessed. Some ASDs may even result in life-threatening conditions as well as serious abnormalities, especially in patients with comorbidities and in pregnant women. Nevertheless, some clinicians had observed a reduction in the development of side effects post individualized ASD treatment. This suggest that a careful and well-informed ASD recommendation to patients may be crucial for an effective and side-effect free control of their seizures. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the anticonvulsant effects of ASDs as well as their side effect profile, by discussing their mechanism of action and reported adverse effects based on clinical and preclinical studies, thereby providing clinicians with a greater understanding of the safety of current ASDs.

INCIDENCE OF CATARACT IN DERMATOLOGICAL PATIENTS USING STEROID CREAMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
(Lt Col) Rajnish Kumar ◽  
(Lt Col) Vaka Raja Sekhar Reddy ◽  
(Lt Col) Sumit Kumar Singh ◽  
Debarshi jana
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Ocular Side ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face

Background/ Context: Corticosteroids, despite being a very effective line of treatment for various disorders is known to have a wide range of adverse effects. The use of systemic and topical steroids has been associated with cataract formation, however the ophthalmic side effects of application of steroid on skin away from the face has not been studied in depth. With increasing use of corticosteroids as rst line of therapy in treatment of various dermatological conditions, the ocular side effects, if any, of these preparations, cannot be overlooked. Aim: To study the incidence of cataract in patients using skin preparations of corticosteroids away from the face and also to correlate the dose and duration of steroid therapy to incidence of cataract. Materials & Methods: 50 patients with dermatological disorders who were being treated with dermatological steroids, on sites other than the face and periorbital region, for a period of more than six months consisted of the study group. The study group consisted of patients in the age group of 20 – 60 years. The study was conducted over a period of two years at a tertiary care hospital. Visual acuity, Slit lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometryand detailed fundus examination using 90D lens were carried out. Results: The incidence of cataract was signicantly higher in patients using dermatological steroids away from the face. Prolonged duration of use of these steroids also indicated a signicantly higher incidence of cataract. However, a larger population based study needs to be carried out to study the relationship between potency of steroid and incidence of cataract, although preliminary studies indicate a denite correlation between the two. Conclusions: Despite, steroids being used away from the face, there was a denite increase in the incidence of cataract. Before coming to any rm conclusions it would be advisable to reproduce the study in a larger population. However from the present pilot study it is prudent to advocate judicious use of innocuous looking steroid creams as they can cause signicant adverse effects

IV inotropic agents: dopamine, dobutamine, and amrinone

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Budny ◽  
K Anderson-Drevs
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Inotropic Agents ◽  
Individual Actions

Three commonly used IV inotropic agents--dopamine, dobutamine, and amrinone--have been discussed in this article. Knowledge of their common mechanisms of action, individual actions, dosages, methods of preparation, precautions, and side effects can only help critical care nurses maintain or improve the quality of care given to patients receiving these medications.

Risperidone in the treatment of psychoses in the elderly: a case report series

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bullock ◽  
S. Libretto
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic Agents

SummaryRisperidone is one of the newer atypical antipsychotic agents, which combines potent serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonism. It shows efficacy against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic psychoses and other psychotic conditions, and has a low propensity to cause extrapyramidal side effects. The aim of these case reports in elderly patients is to provide the benefit of personal experience with risperidone to the body of published literature and to demonstrate the types of patients that may benefit from treatment. These cases were compiled retrospectively from data collected on referral and during routine hospital appointments. This series covers four main areas of concern when treating the elderly: low-maintenance dosing minimising the likelihood of adverse events; successful treatment of patients previously uncontrolled and experiencing side effects with other antipsychotics; the possibility of intermittent rather than continuous treatment; and the benefits to patients, carers and the health services. At low doses, risperidone is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for psychoses in elderly patients that improves the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers.

scholarly journals Ocular Adverse Effects of Antidepressants – Need for an Ophthalmic Screening and Follow up Protocol

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Varsha Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Ocular Side ◽  
Screening Protocol

Depression is emerging to be one of the commonest mental health disorders worldwide affecting a wide age group. The prescription of antidepressants has risen considerably in last decade with a preference for using newer antidepressants like Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). There have been many published reports of Ocular side effects with Antidepressants related to Dry eye, Visual disturbance, Angle closure glaucoma and Retinal effects. There has also been a significant rise in antidepressant usage by the elderly, which is a population at risk for ocular adverse effects. Therefore, it is pertinent to understand the antidepressants from the perspective of their mechanisms of action and all possible Ocular adverse effects, and develop an Ophthalmic screening protocol and follow up for patients being put on Antidepressants. Patients should also be counselled for reporting alert signs of ocular side effects immediately. These steps may help to avert and decrease visual complications with Antidepressants.

scholarly journals Adverse ocular effects of neuroleptic therapy: semiotics, pathogenesis and treatment

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
A. A. Panov ◽  
A. A. Petukhova ◽  
Ya. V. Malygin ◽  
B. D. Tsygankov ◽  
M. A. Kazanfarova
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Ocular Side ◽  
Acute Angle Closure ◽  
Therapy Modification

Antipsychotics are widely used in psychiatric practice for treating schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other diseases, including those treated off-label. They manifest many adverse effects, including ophthalmic ones. Some of these effects, such as persistent mydriasis, cycloplegia, extraocular muscle dystonia, and visual hypersensitivity attacks are reversible, since they disappear after dose reduction or drug withdrawal. Yet other side effects, such as cataracts, corneal edema, acute angle closure glaucoma and retinopathy are threatening for sight and may lead to permanent visual acuity decline and even blindness. The review provides data on the incidence of ocular side effects (both typical and atypical) of multiple antipsychotics, their clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and treatment. Eye examination is recommended for patients taking antipsychotics in the early periods of treatment and then twice a year. The psychiatrists need to know about the adverse effects of individual drugs whilst the ophthalmologists should be aware of their semiotics, pathogenesis and treatment, since timely diagnosis and treatment of pathological changes, together with antipsychotic therapy modification, prevent the development of severe and irreversible visual impairment in the majority of cases.

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Effects of Antipsychotic Medication: An International Online Survey of 832 Recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Read ◽  
James Williams
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Background: Antipsychotic medication is currently the treatment of choice for psychosis, but few studies directly survey the first-hand experience of recipients. Objective: To ascertain the experiences and opinions of an international sample of users of antipsychotic drugs, regarding positive and negative effects. Methods: An online direct-to-consumer questionnaire was completed by 832 users of antipsychotics, from 30 countries – predominantly USA, UK and Australia. This is the largest such sample to date. Results: Over half (56%) thought, the drugs reduced the problems they were prescribed for, but 27% thought they made them worse. Slightly less people found the drugs generally ‘helpful’ (41%) than found them ‘unhelpful’ (43%). While 35% reported that their ‘quality of life’ was ‘improved’, 54% reported that it was made ‘worse’. The average number of adverse effects reported was 11, with an average of five at the ‘severe’ level. Fourteen effects were reported by 57% or more participants, most commonly: ‘Drowsiness, feeling tired, sedation’ (92%), ‘Loss of motivation’ (86%), ‘Slowed thoughts’ (86%), and ‘Emotional numbing’ (85%). Suicidality was reported to be a side effect by 58%. Older people reported particularly poor outcomes and high levels of adverse effects. Duration of treatment was unrelated to positive outcomes but significantly related to negative outcomes. Most respondents (70%) had tried to stop taking the drugs. The most common reasons people wanted to stop were the side effects (64%) and worries about long-term physical health (52%). Most (70%) did not recall being told anything at all about side effects. Conclusion: Clinical implications are discussed, with a particular focus on the principles of informed consent, and involving patients in decision making about their own lives.

Do New Antiepileptic Drugs with Novel Mechanisms of Action Suggest Reconsideration of Rational Polypharmacy?

US Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry E Gidal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
New Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Pharmacologic Effect

Although effective control of epilepsy can be achieved by a single antiepileptic drug (AED), the condition persists in a significant number of patients despite increasing dosages with monotherapy and polytherapy. Treatment with combinations of older AEDs has been known to cause undesirable drug–drug interactions and side effects. However, there has been renewed interest in polytherapy with the advent of newer AEDs with novel mechanisms of actions that are less likely to cause adverse effects in patients. Animal seizure models are useful for determining whether AEDs will be effective in generalised or partial seizures prior to clinical studies and isobolgraphic analysis may allow for a more systematic, rational approach to predicting whether a given combination of drugs will result in a greater or lesser pharmacologic effect. Since one treatment strategy does not suit all patients, studies should focus on the tolerability and safety of specific combinations of AEDs in order to provide guidance to physicians. In summary, pharmacokinetic interactions must be taken into account in studies in humans and animals with measurement of toxicity as well as efficacy.

Do homeopathic medicines provoke adverse effects? A systematic review

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S35-S38 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Dantas ◽  
H Rampes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Quality Of Reports ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drug Regulatory Agencies

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the safety of homeopathic medicines by critically appraising reports of adverse effects published in English from 1970 to 1995.Method: Systematic review on information regarding adverse effects of homeopathic medicines identified using electronic databases, hand searching, searching reference lists, reviewing the bibliography of trials, and other relevant articles, contacting homeopathic pharmaceutical companies and drug regulatory agencies in UK and USA, and by communicating with experts in homeopathy.Results: The mean incidence of adverse effects of homeopathic medicines was greater than placebo in controlled clinical trials (9.4/6.1) but effects were minor, transient and comparable. There was a large incidence of pathogenetic effects in healthy volunteers taking homeopathic medicines but the methodological quality of these studies was generally low. Anecdotal reports of adverse effects in homeopathic publications were not well documented and mainly reported aggravation of current symptoms. Case reports in conventional medical journals pointed more to adverse effects of mislabelled ‘homeopathic products’ than to true homeopathic medicines.Conclusions: Homeopathic medicines in high dilutions, prescribed by trained professionals, are probably safe and unlikely to provoke severe adverse reactions. It is difficult to draw definite conclusions due to the low methodological quality of reports claiming possible adverse effects of homeopathic medicines.

The use of oxycodone with naloxone in the cancer patients pain treatment - case reports

Ból ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Justyna Bochenek-Cibor
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders

Cancer pain treatment stays an important part of multidisciplinary oncologic care. Opioids remain the most effective and the most widely used analgesics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain. However, they may cause side effects, such as constipation that significantly decrease patients’ quality of life. The combination of oxycodone and naloxone is an innovation in preventing the gastrointestinal disorders. Authors describe two cases of cancer patients for whom oxycodone/naloxe prove effective analgesic.

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