scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of probiotics in poultry exposed to heat stress – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugiharto Sugiharto ◽  
Turrini Yudiarti ◽  
Isroli Isroli ◽  
Endang Widiastuti ◽  
Endang Kusumanti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Abstract Heat-related stress has become a serious problem in poultry industry along with the global temperatures rise. Heat stress causes detrimental effects on physiology, immunology and microbiology resulting in abnormalities and impaired performances of birds. Several nutritional strategies have been conducted to counteract the detrimental effects of heat stress in poultry, including dietary supplementation of probiotics. This strategy has been proposed to ameliorate the intestinal ecosystem, physiological conditions and immune system, leading to the improved performance and health of birds subjected to heat stress. This review presents the potential benefits of probiotics against heat stress in poultry from the viewpoint of intestinal microbial ecology, morphology and structure, physiological conditions, immune system and production performances. The possible mechanisms through which probiotics may give beneficial impacts on heat-stressed birds are also discussed along with the data reporting the possible drawbacks of using probiotics in heat-stressed poultry.

scholarly journals Immediate and transgenerational effects of thymol supplementation, inactivated Salmonella and chronic heat stress on representative immune variables of Japanese quail

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Videla ◽  
O. Giayetto ◽  
M. E. Fernández ◽  
P. A. Chacana ◽  
R. H. Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Abstract Environmental challenges are integrated in the inmunoneuroendocrine interplay, impacting the immune system of the challenged individuals, and potentially implying transgenerational effects on their offspring. This study addressed whether dietary supplementation with thymol can modulate the immune response of adult Japanese quail when simultaneously exposed to an inoculum of inactivated Salmonella Enteritidis and a chronic heat stress (CHS). We also evaluated whether the experienced situations by adults can affect the immune response of their undisturbed offspring. In the parental generation, supplemented quail exposed to CHS had a higher inflammatory response and similar values of the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio than those that were not supplemented. In their offspring, those chicks whose parents were exposed to CHS showed higher inflammatory response and lower antibody production. Regarding the H/L ratio, chicks whose parents were supplemented showed lower H/L ratio values. Dietary supplementation with thymol partially and positively modulated the inflammatory response and avoided H/L ratio alteration in the parental generation exposed to high environmental temperatures, suggesting these adults were better at dealing with the challenge. The lower H/L ratio values in the offspring suggests that chicks are more capable to deal with potential stressful situations associated with conventional breeding conditions.

scholarly journals Secondary Functions of Arginine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Poultry Health: Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lima de Souza Castro ◽  
Woo K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Eimeria Infection ◽  
Health Review

Amino acids such as arginine, methionine, and cysteine are the precursors of essential molecules that regulate growth and health, being classified as functional amino acids. This review describes the metabolism of arginine and the sulfur amino acids and how they modulate, directly or indirectly, different tissues. Emphasis is placed on their effects in supporting health during challenging conditions, such as heat stress and Eimeria infection. The use of arginine has been shown to reduce abdominal fat pad in ducks and increase lean tissue and bone mineral density in broilers. Additionally, the sulfur amino acids have been shown to improve bone development and are beneficial during heat stress. The use of L-methionine increased the cortical and trabecular bone mineral densities, in laying hens. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of these amino acids could reduce the damage caused by Eimeria spp. infection by regulating the antioxidant system and cell repair. Understanding how these amino acids can mitigate stressful conditions may provide us novel insights of their use as nutritional strategies to modulate the health status of chickens.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 from weaning reduces local immunoglobulin production in lymphoid-associated tissues but increases systemic antibodies in healthy neonates

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C. Lewis ◽  
Dilip V. Patel ◽  
Jenni Fowler ◽  
Swantje Duncker ◽  
Adrian W. Zuercher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mucosal Tissues

Weaning is associated with a major shift in the microbial community of the intestine, and this instability may make it more acquiescent than the adult microbiota to long-term changes. Modulation achieved through dietary interventions may have potentially beneficial effects on the developing immune system, which is driven primarily by the microbiota. The specific aim of the present study was to determine whether immune development could be modified by dietary supplementation with the human probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 in a tractable model of weaning in infants. Piglets were reared by their mothers before being weaned onto a solid diet supplemented with B. lactis NCC2818, while sibling controls did not receive supplementation. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a reduction in IgA (P< 0·0005) and IgM (P< 0·009) production by mucosal tissues but had no effect on IgG production (P>0·05). Probiotic-supplemented pigs had more mast cells than unsupplemented littermates (P< 0·0001), although numbers in both groups were low. In addition, the supplemented piglets made stronger serum IgG responses to fed and injected antigens (P< 0·05). The present findings are consistent with B. lactis NCC2818 reducing intestinal permeability induced by weaning, and suggest that the piglet is a valuable intermediate between rodent models and human infants. The results also strongly suggest that measures of the effect of probiotic supplementation on the immune system need to be interpreted carefully as proxy measures of health benefit. However, they are useful in developing an understanding of the mechanism of action of probiotic strains, an important factor in predicting favourable health outcomes of nutritional intervention.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress and ergopeptine alkaloids on the immune system of rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepan Kishore ◽  
Peggy Ann Eichen ◽  
Matthew R Waldron ◽  
Tim J Evans ◽  
Kevin L Fritsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune System

scholarly journals Dietary phytogenic mixture for broilers reared under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Saracila Mihaela ◽  
Panaite Tatiana Dumitra ◽  
Papuc Camelia Puia ◽  
Predescu Corina Nicoleta ◽  
Untea Arabela
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein And Lipid Oxidation

Abstract During two feeding trials, the effect of dietary phytogenic mixture on the performance and oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver of broilers reared under thermoneutral conditions (TN) and heat stress (HS) was studied. A number of 60 Cobb 500 chicks/trial were sheltered in environmentally-controlled digestibility cages. On the 14 days of age, the chicks were weighted and assigned to four groups (2 groups/trial with 30 chicks/group). In the first trial, two groups (C-TN and PM-TN) were kept in thermoneutral conditions. In the second trial, other two groups were kept (C-HS and PM-HS) in heat stress (32 ±1 °C). The structure of diets was the same in both experiments. Compared with the control diet (C), the experimental diet (PM) contained the addition of 1% phytogenic mixture (bilberry leaves, peppermint leaves, fennel leaves and sea buckthorn meal). Irrespective of temperature conditions, dietary PM did not affect broiler’s performance. The dietary supplementation of PM delayed protein and lipid oxidation in the liver tissue of broilers in both trials by increasing the hepatic catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity.

scholarly journals AI-MHC: an allele-integrated deep learning framework for improving Class I & Class II HLA-binding predictions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-William Sidhom ◽  
Drew Pardoll ◽  
Alexander Baras
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Immune System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Binding Prediction ◽  
Translational Invariance ◽  
Mhc Molecules ◽  
Improved Performance

AbstractMotivationThe immune system has potential to present a wide variety of peptides to itself as a means of surveillance for pathogenic invaders. This means of surveillances allows the immune system to detect peptides derives from bacterial, viral, and even oncologic sources. However, given the breadth of the epitope repertoire, in order to study immune responses to these epitopes, investigators have relied on in-silico prediction algorithms to help narrow down the list of candidate epitopes, and current methods still have much in the way of improvement.ResultsWe present Allele-Integrated MHC (AI-MHC), a deep learning architecture with improved performance over the current state-of-the-art algorithms in human Class I and Class II MHC binding prediction. Our architecture utilizes a convolutional neural network that improves prediction accuracy by 1) allowing one neural network to be trained on all peptides for all alleles of a given class of MHC molecules by making the allele an input to the net and 2) introducing a global max pooling operation with an optimized kernel size that allows the architecture to achieve translational invariance in MHC-peptide binding analysis, making it suitable for sequence analytics where a frame of interest needs to be learned in a longer, variable length sequence. We assess AI-MHC against internal independent test sets and compare against all algorithms in the IEDB automated server benchmarks, demonstrating our algorithm achieves state-of-the-art for both Class I and Class II prediction.Availability and ImplementationAI-MHC can be used via web interface at baras.pathology.jhu.edu/[email protected]

scholarly journals Nutritional strategies to alleviate heat stress effects through feed restrictions and feed additives (vitamins and minerals) in broilers under summer conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelhameed Salah Abdelhameed ◽  
◽  
Lozovskiy Alexander Robertovich ◽  
Ali Amany Muhammad Ahmed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Nutritional Strategies
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