„Denn sie wissen nicht, was sie tun“

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Stegmüller
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Middle Range

AbstractThe article put forwards an argument against the deployment of American middle range missiles in 1983 within the Federal Republic of Germany . It stresses the threat to safety particularly for European countries, because of the technological superiority of American missiles over Russian missiles.

scholarly journals A survey of contraception in five West European countries

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Riphagen ◽  
P. Lehert
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
West European

SummaryIn 1984 and 1985, a survey was conducted of 7696 women aged 15–44 living in Italy, France, Great Britain, Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany. The aim of the study was to examine the use of contraceptive methods, the differences in contraceptive use, knowledge of fertility, communication about contraception, motives for choice and the perceptions held by women regarding contraceptive methods, particularly oral contraception. The results show important differences between the countries studied.

scholarly journals Legal and economic implications of the German Craft Code Amendment 2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Benzel
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
International Level ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Research Findings

As the main reason for initiating an amendment of the Trade and Crafts Code in 2004 was the decrease in the number of companies in general and the number of skilled crafts enterprises in particular and was also due to the fact that the number of employees in the skilled crafts sector had constantly fallen and many companies were not able to find a successor, it was the declared aim of the amendment to counter this structural crisis as well as reducing illegal employment and removing native discrimination. This would then ensure a higher level of employment especially through new company formations and takeovers of existing companies.In addition to providing an important contribution towards the assessment of the basic success of the 2004 Trade and Crafts Code amendment, the results can therefore be used at an international level for discussions on skilled crafts legislation outside Germany. As German skilled crafts legislation developed in a completely different manner from skilled crafts legislation in most other European countries, this aspect is particularly significant and it is conceivable that the results will be useful beyond the borders of the Federal Republic of Germany. The research findings will also be important in determining the limits of deregulation and when it can be considered counterproductive from an economic point of view.

scholarly journals Fonctionnement familial et rapports à la santé : essai d’analyse typologique

2015 ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cardia-Vonèche ◽  
Malik von Allmen ◽  
Benoit Bastard
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Family Role ◽  
The Family

This article deals with the daily health management within the family which, far from involving skills only, is based on the existence and significations or contents of family relations themselves. To study the family/health connection from this point of view enables: 1) to underline that the role played by the family is not only curative but also preventive, 2) to observe that this role resides also in other types of activities which are but indirectly related to health and, 3) to show that this role is also highly dependent on the state of relations within the family cell. This investigation of the family role in health matters is based on studies conducted in various European countries (France, Switzerland, Great Britain, Federal Republic of Germany) and favours the analysis of broken families, since it brings out the unknown dimensions of daily health management and its related specific family forms of sociability.

scholarly journals Polski kryzys na forum Bundestagu w 1980 roku

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Maria Reisky
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Crisis

The Polish crisis on the Bundestag forum in the 1980sIn the summer of 1980 a period of rapid social changes began in Poland, which became the subject of observation, analysis and discussion in many European countries. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the subject of Poland and the emerging economic crisis was discussed in the Bundestag. The aim of this article is to answer the question about the subject matter and intensity of Polish issues at the forum of German parliaments. How was the situation on the Vistula River reported? Who spoke most often and what demands did he make? Was the democratization of political life in Poland believed in? The author examined documents from the plenary sittings of the Bundestag held from midsummer until the end of December 1980.

Professional Qualification of German Physicians in Medical Informatics

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Medical Degree ◽  
Formal Program ◽  
Medical Domain

Abstract:In addition to the medical education in the Federal Republic of Germany which includes a compulsory Medical Informatics course there exists a formal program for professional qualification of physicians in Medical Informatics. After two years of clinical practice and 1.5 years of professional training at an authorized institution, a physician may receive in addition to the medical degree a “supplement Medical Informatics”. The qualification requirements are described in detail. Physicians with the additional Medical Informatics qualification perform responsible tasks in their medical domain and serve as partners for fully specialized Medical Informatics ex-’ perts in the solution of practical Medical Informatics problems. The formal qualification is available for more than 10 years, has become increasingly attractive, and is expected to grow with respect to future Medical Informatics developments.

Studies on Thalidomide as a Cause of Congenital Malformations

1963 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Knapp ◽  
W. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Many Sources

SummaryIn 1961 an increase in certain congenital malformations was noticed in various parts of the Federal Republic of Germany. From the outset, it seemed very probable that a single cause was responsible, since, although these malformations varied, they appeared to belong to one and the same syndrome. For general reasons, such causes as radioactivity, contraceptives, attempted abortions or virus diseases did not provide an acceptable explanation. The epidemiology was, however, suggestive of some chemical substance taken orally.After thalidomide had been indicated in several histories, suspicion of that drug was aroused and, within one week, intake of it could be proved or was found to be very likely in 17 out of 20 cases, while in the remaining cases it could not be excluded. Though this first result was highly significant, we were at first reluctant to incriminate thalidomide definitely, because there was still some doubt about the reliability of the histories. But within a few weeks, the thalidomide aetiology received support from many sources. Specific studies on limited material are sometimes superior to extensive, broadly planned investigations.

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