Body composition and the level of fitness in 10 to 14-year-old girls in western Hungary: the impact of the new PE curriculum

SummaryStudy aim: Over the last two decades, the body fat mass has been increasing and the level of physical fitness has been decreasing in school-aged children. Due to the health-related concerns that have arisen regarding school-aged children, the Hungarian government introduced everyday physical education in 2012. Since girls are more disposed to higher body fat and low fitness levels, the aim of our study was to characterise the physique, body composition and aerobic capacity of 10 to 14-year-old girls three years after the introduction of the new curriculum with daily PE lessons. Material and methods: All of the primary schools that were selected to participate in this study serve as partnership schools in the University of West Hungary’s teacher training programme (N = 8). The sample included only those upper primary school girls (10 to 14 years of age) who participated in the everyday physical education lesson (N = 543). Standard anthropometric techniques and a 20m shuttle run test were selected for the analysis. Results: An important result of this study was the finding that differences in the body composition features were consistently significant among the age groups. However, there were no differences among the age groups in the results of the 20 m multi-stage fitness test, nor in the girls’ relative aerobic capacity. Conclusions: It can be presumed that an unfavourable body composition and poor fitness occur primarily in the prepuberty years. Everyday physical education serves as a good opportunity for shaping the girls’ fitness level and body composition, and also for encouraging healthy active living.

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Fitness and body composition profiling of elite junior South African rugby players

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2413-3108/2006/v18i2a242 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J Durandt ◽

S Du Toit ◽

J Borresen ◽

T Hew-Butler ◽

H Masimla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Age Groups ◽

Rugby Union ◽

The Body ◽

Upper Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sprinting Speed ◽

Rugby Players

Objective. The aim of this study was to describe the body composition, strength and speed characteristics of elite junior South African rugby players. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Field study. Subjects. Rugby players (16 and 18 years old, N = 174) selected for the South African Rugby Union National Green Squad. Outcome measures. Body composition, 10 m and 40 m speed, agility, 1RM bench press, underhand pull-ups, push-ups, multistage shuttle run. Results. The under-16 players were on average shorter (175.6 ± 5.7 v. 179.2 ± 6.7 cm), weighed less (76.5 ± 8.2 v. 84.8 ± 8.3 kg) had less upper body absolute strength (77.1 ± 11.8 kg v. 95.3 ± 16.7 kg) and muscular endurance (41 ± 12 v. 52 ± 15 push-ups) and aerobic fitness (87.1 ± 19.4 v. 93.5 ± 15.3 shuttles) than the under-18 players. There were no differences in body fat, sprinting speed (10 m and 40 m) or agility between the two age groups. There were differences between playing positions, with the props having the most body fat, strongest upper bodies, slowest sprinting speed, least agility and lowest aerobic capacity compared with players in the other positions. Conclusion. This study provides data for elite junior rugby players and can be used to monitor the progression of players after intervention while also assisting with talent identification for the different playing positions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (2) 2006: pp. 38-45

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The Impact Of Ten Weeks Of Bodyweight Training On The Level Of Physical Fitness And Selected Parameters Of Body Composition In Women Aged 21-23 Years

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism ◽

10.1515/pjst-2015-0014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 64-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Lipecki ◽

Bartosz Rutowicz

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Training Programme ◽

Physical Capacity ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of 10 weeks of bodyweight training on selected elements of body composition (body mass, muscle mass, and the percentage of body fat and water) and components of physical fitness (strength, strength endurance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity) of women aged 21-23 years who do not practise sports professionally. Material and methods. The study involved 15 women whose mean age was 22 years 2 months. Their body mass and composition were assessed using a TANITA BC-1000 scale, and the following parameters of physical fitness were measured: the strength and power of the upper and lower extremities; the strength endurance of the shoulders, shoulder girdle, and trunk; as well as their flexibility and physical capacity. The assessment was performed twice, that is before and after the completion of the 10-week programme. Results. The study revealed that the 10-week bodyweight training programme had caused a minor increase in body mass (1.16%) and body fat percentage (2.43%), while muscle mass and body water percentage had not changed. As far as physical fitness is concerned, the bodyweight exercises had had a positive impact on all of the elements of physical fitness which were measured, including statistically significant increases in the explosive strength of the lower extremities (5.6%; p<0.01), strength endurance of the trunk (10.7%; p<0.01), and aerobic capacity (33.3%; p<0.05). Conclusions. Without a properly balanced diet and nutrition control, the bodyweight training programme had a small impact on the parameters of body composition. It was, however, an effective way of enhancing general physical fitness: apart from improving muscle strength and endurance, it also increased physical capacity and flexibility.

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Effect of Eight-Week Training Programme on V02 Max and Body Composition

Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation ◽

10.24112/ajper.111128 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Kim Geok SOH ◽

Ruby HUSAIN

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Training Programme ◽

Fat Content ◽

The Body ◽

Test Results ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Post Test ◽

The Impact

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of the study was to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) and the body fat content in Malaysian national junior netball players and the impact of an eight-week aerobic and strength-training programme on these two variables. A total of 21 netball players (mean age of 16.12±1.55 years old) from Bukit Jalil Sports School were the subjects used. The 12-minute Run was used to determine the V02 max while the body composition was calculated using the skinfold method. Pre-test and post-test results showed significant improvement in the V02 max and body fat content among the netball players. The Z value for the V02 max test was -3.25 (p

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Reaction of University Students to Body Composition Assessment in Physical Education Activity Classes

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education ◽

10.1123/jtpe.10.3.249 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 249-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mary A. Steinhardt ◽

Debra J. Macklem

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Physical Education ◽

Body Fat ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

The Body ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Technical Accuracy ◽

Health Related ◽

Skinfold Measurements ◽

Education Activity

The use of skinfold measurements is a popular method to determine percentage of body fat because of its relative simplicity. Although attention has been paid to its technical accuracy and validity, less consideration has been given to the psychological impact on participants. The purpose of this study was to determine students’ (N = 128) reactions to having skinfold measurements taken in university physical education classes. Skinfold measurements were taken, and a questionnaire administered during the 2nd and 13th weeks of the semester. The questionnaire was used to assess (a) if students were self-conscious or uncomfortable during the measurements, (b) if knowing percent body fat motivated students to exercise, and (c) if the procedure should remain a standard part of class. Descriptive results indicated most students agreed that percent fat measurement was a valuable part of the class. On the pretest, after controlling for sex, regression analysis revealed that percent fat significantly predicted feelings of self-consciousness (R2 =.08; β = .36) and motivation to exercise (R2 = .07; β.24). On the posttest, percent fat again predicted feelings of self-consciousness (R2 = .21; β = .58) but did not predict motivation to exercise. Also, students with greater percent fat felt the body composition assessment should be optional (R2 = .08; β = −.36). Although results of this study support body composition assessment in university health-related activity classes, the need for sensitivity to the emotional needs and privacy of individuals is recommended.

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Six Weeks of Calorie Restriction Improves Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Obese and Overweight Former Athletes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071461 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1461 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joanna Hołowko ◽

Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk ◽

Adam Zając ◽

Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska ◽

Karina Ryterska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

The Body ◽

Insulin Metabolism ◽

Former Athletes ◽

Daily Caloric Intake ◽

The Impact

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of 6 weeks of reducing daily caloric intake by 20% of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)-CRI vs. reducing daily caloric intake by 30% of TDEE-CRII on body mass reduction and insulin metabolism in former athletes. Methods: 94 males aged 35.7 ± 5.3 years, height 180.5 ± 4.1 cm, and body mass 96.82 ± 6.2 kg were randomly assigned to the CRI (n = 49) or CRII (n = 45) group. Thirty-one participants (18 subjects from CRI and 13 from CRII) resigned from the study. The effects of both diets on the body composition variables (body mass—BM; body fat—BF; fat free mass—FFM; muscle mass—MM; total body water—TBW), lipid profile (total lipids—TL; total cholesterol—TCh; HDL cholesterol—HDL; LDL cholesterol—LDL; triglycerides—TG), and glucose control variables (glucose—GL, insulin—I, HOMA-IR, insulin-like growth factor-1—IGF-1, leptin and adiponectin) were measured. Results: After adhering to the CR I diet, significant differences were observed in FFM, MM and TG. After adhering to the CR II diet, significant differences were registered in tCh, TL and LDL. Both diets had a significant influence on leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Significant differences in FFM, MM, and tCh were observed between the CR I and CR II groups. At the end of the dietary intervention, significant differences in BF, FFM, MM and TBW were observed between the CR I and CR II groups. Conclusion: The 6 weeks of CR II diet appeared to be more effective in reducing BF and lipid profile and proved to be especially suitable for subjects with high body fat content and an elevated level of lipoproteins and cholesterol. Both reductive diets were effective in improving the levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese former athletes.

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Vztah tělesného složení a funkčních parametrů u rekreačních triatlonistů

Studia sportiva ◽

10.5817/sts2014-1-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

Ivana Kinkorová ◽

Jan Heller ◽

Pavel Vodička ◽

Klára Coufalová

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

The Body ◽

Vo2 Max ◽

Functional Parameters ◽

Relationship Of

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition parameters and their relationship to functional parameters in recreational triathlonists. The group consisted of 16 men ranging in age from 29 – 47 years (mean age - 34,7 ± 5,4 years, height - 181,2 ± 4,7 cm, weight – 79,3 ± 5,6 kg, BMI – 24,4 ± 2,0 kg.m-2, body fat - 15,5 ± 3,6 %, FFM – 67,0 ± 3,9 kg, VO2 max - 57,4 ± 7,1 ml.kg-1.min-1, Vmax - 15,4 ± 1,3 km.h-1, HRmax - 184,1 ± 7,4 min-1). The investigation was focused on the analysis of body body compostion (BIA, In Body 3.0) and aerobic capacity (VO2 max, Vmax, SF max). We found a significant relationship of VO2 max and percent of body fat (r = - 0,78, p < 0,05), Vmax and percent of body fat (r = - 0,534, p < 0,05).

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Analisis Kebutuhan untuk Merancang ASETARO Komik Anak tentang Bahaya Rokok

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.15294/kemas.v11i2.3880 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Trixie Salawati ◽

Nuke Devi Indrawati

Keyword(s):

Science Fiction ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

The Body ◽

Analysis Study ◽

School Aged Children ◽

The Impact

Dalam upaya melindungi generasi muda dari bahaya asap rokok, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam rangka mengembangkan ASETARO, sebuah komik pendidikan kesehatan tentang bahaya rokok. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui Diskusi Kelompok Tearah dan wawancara dengan wakil siswa sekolah dasar dan pustakawan sekolah, serta literature review. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model komik yang disukai siswa adalah science fiction yang memberikan pengetahuan sekaligus membangkitkan imajinasi seperti pada science comic WHY! Pada umumnya siswa menyukai gaya cerita, gambar, dan warna dari komik tersebut. Selanjutnya para siswa masih membutuhkan informasi tentang kandungan racun dalam rokok, mengapa rokok bisa menyebabkan kecanduan dan penyakit, serta dampak rokok terhadap perokok aktif dan pasif. Selain itu ditemukan pula masih adanya anggapan bahwa perilaku merokok adalah perilaku orang dewasa, dan anak-anak tidak diperbolehkan merokok karena badannya masih lemah. Simpulan penelitian adalah komik pendidikan kesehatan mengenai bahaya rokok akan menggunakan pendekatan science fiction. Smoking is harmful especially for children. Children must be protected from the effect of tobacco use. Comic story book is one of the children’s favorite media. Comic can serve health educational purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop ASETARO, a Comic Story Book for primary school aged children, to help children learn about the effect of tobacco use for health. This research was a descriptive study with qualitative approach. Data collected through Focus Group Discussion with students from five Primary Schools at Semarang, interviews with the librarian form each school, and literarture review. Results of analysis studies showed that most students liked science fiction comics. The majority of the students likes Science Comic WHY? Analysis study also revealed that the students still need information about the harm of cigarettes, why smoking can cause addiction and disease, as well as the impact of smoking on active and passive smokers. Analysis study also found that some students still believe that smoking is an adults's behavior. Children are not allowed to smoke because the body is still weak. Based on the results of analysis studies was then to design and develop a draft of comic story book.

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Fitness and body composition profiling of elite junior South African rugby players

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2078-516x/2006/v18i2a242 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J Durandt ◽

S Du Toit ◽

J Borresen ◽

T Hew-Butler ◽

H Masimla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Age Groups ◽

Rugby Union ◽

The Body ◽

Upper Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sprinting Speed ◽

Rugby Players

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Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3758

Author(s):

Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽

Lucyna Ostrowska ◽

Joanna Leszczyńska ◽

Karolina Orywal ◽

Urszula Cwalina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

The Body ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Double Blind ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Total Body ◽

The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

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Endurance and resistance training lowers C-reactive protein in young, healthy females

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h11-077 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 660-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Laura A. Daray ◽

Tara M. Henagan ◽

Michael Zanovec ◽

Conrad P. Earnest ◽

Lisa G. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Body Fat ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Young Females ◽

Marathon Training ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Body Strength ◽

Additional Resistance

The purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance (E) or endurance + resistance (ER) training affects C-reactive protein (CRP) and if these changes are related to alterations in fitness and (or) body composition in young females. Thirty-eight females (aged 18–24 years) were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) E, (2) ER or (3) active control (AC). The E and ER groups completed 15 weeks of marathon training. The ER group performed additional resistance training and the AC group maintained their usual exercise routine. Primary outcomes were measured pre- and post-training and included anthropometric indices, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, plasma CRP, time to complete 1.5 miles (in minutes), and upper and lower body strength tests (i.e., 8 repetition max on bench and leg press (ER group only)). There were no differences in any variable among the groups at baseline. After training, the E group decreased time to complete 1.5 miles (p < 0.05). The AC group decreased percent and absolute body fat while the E group decreased percent body fat, absolute body fat, and android and gynoid body fat (p < 0.05). The ER group significantly improved strength (p < 0.001) and reduced plasma CRP from 2.0 ± 1.1 to 0.8 ± 0.3 mg·L–1 (p = 0.03). No significant associations were observed between CRP and measures of body composition or aerobic capacity. Combined endurance and resistance training may be an effective modality for reducing plasma CRP in young adult females independent of changes in aerobic capacity or body composition.

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