scholarly journals Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Akhtar ◽  
Varsha Singh ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Riaz A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Delivery Options

AbstractPay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs’ and other payloads’ passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.

scholarly journals SKIN SURFACE CHEMISTRY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR SKIN DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqaa Samir Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Face

The skin is the biggest sense organ in the body, with a surface area of 1.7m2 in adults. Because standard histological procedures influence skin components, several dermatological research has had little effectiveness in showing skin function. The structure of each skin layer may now be visualised non-invasively thanks to recent advances in non-invasive optical imaging. Individual skin components, on the other hand, remain difficult to identify. Understanding skin's chemical and physical features helps the cosmetics sector create deodorant, lipstick, and moisturizers. In addition, PH regulates the activation of proteases linked to the formation of chronic wounds and impacts skin barrier functions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging innovation that creates high-resolution photos of the face and cross-areas of the skin. While OCT has a lot of potentials, many dermatologists are unfamiliar with it. This article aims to give professional dermatologists a basic grasp of skin OCT concepts and clinical applications.

scholarly journals THE THE MICROEMULSION AS A KEY PLAYER IN CONQUERING THE SKIN BARRIER FOR THE AIM OF TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF DRUGS: REVIEWING A SUCCESSFUL DECADE

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
RANIA YEHIA ◽  
DALIA A ATTIA
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Other ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
The One

Microemulsion (ME) systems are now considered of the most successful transdermal drug delivery systems. This is due to their nanodroplets size in the one hand and to their composition that enables the use of several mechanistically penetration enhancers in the same formulation on the other hand. This work summarizes the types, properties, and the merits of the use of MEs for transdermal delivery and reviews the successful studies that were performed to deliver several drugs through this important route during the past 10–12 years.

Echogenic bubbles: An new avenue for cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Rajeswari Saripilli1 ◽  
Pikkala Shirisha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging ◽  
Novel Drug

The development of micro and nanobubbles as theranostics is been an emerging trend in the 21st century. Ultrasound molecular imaging is a real-time non-invasive, cost-effective, promising non-viral tool, which is been widely used in the recent times. These micro and nanobubbles are marked as ultrasound agents for both diagnosis and targeting therapeutic agents. These are designed in order to obtain efficient drug delivery. Micro and nanobubbles are very much used for targeting drug and achieving site specific release. These are stable and have longer residence time in systemic circulation, finally shows efficient and promising drug delivery [1]. These echogenic bubbles are helpful for disease diagnosis and therapy more prominently when compared with other novel drug delivery systems. This review describes about functioning of micro and nanobubbles along with mechanism, preparation and studies which describes the works on micro and nanobubbles.

scholarly journals Revolutionary Approach towards Transdermal Drug Delivery: Ethosomal Gels

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Ezekiel O. Kehinde ◽  
Shah Akrutiben ◽  
Janki Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Barrier ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive

The human body is up of the skin which is the largest organ in the body and hence acts as a biological barrier that obstructs drug movement across the stratum corneum into the systemic circulation. The topical drug delivery system serves as a delivery system in which drugs are delivered for systemic circulation through the skin. Low diffusion rate across the stratum corneum is the main disadvantage of this system and for this limitation to be overcome, an Ethosomal formulation can be formulated which acts as a delivery system for the drug to be delivered across the biological barrier of the skin into the body. In ethosomal gel formulation, The prepared Ethosome is converted into a gel that can be applied to the skin what makes ethosomal gel formulation unique which enables drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation and enhance the delivery of active agents. In addition to this, it is also a malleable vesicular delivery carrier, soft and non-invasive. There is also a higher influx of drugs transdermally into the skin as ethosomal gel formulation allows drug to penetrate deep into the skin and enters systemic circulation. There is the development of new and novel therapies for the treatment of disease through the ethosomal drug delivery system as it is safe and effective and also easy to prepare. Topics ranging from preparation of ethosomes, Ethosomal gel, advantages and disadvantages, and characterization techniques are focused on in this review article.

scholarly journals A systematic review of carbohydrate-based microneedles: current status and future prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali S. Bhadale ◽  
Vaishali Y. Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
New Class

AbstractMicroneedles (MNs) are minimally invasive tridimensional biomedical devices that bypass the skin barrier resulting in systemic and localized pharmacological effects. Historically, biomaterials such as carbohydrates, due to their physicochemical properties, have been used widely to fabricate MNs. Owing to their broad spectrum of functional groups, carbohydrates permit designing and engineering with tunable properties and functionalities. This has led the carbohydrate-based microarrays possessing the great potential to take a futuristic step in detecting, drug delivery, and retorting to biologicals. In this review, the crucial and extensive summary of carbohydrates such as hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, cellulose, and starch has been discussed systematically, using PRISMA guidelines. It also discusses different approaches for drug delivery and the mechanical properties of biomaterial-based MNs, till date, progress has been achieved in clinical translation of carbohydrate-based MNs, and regulatory requirements for their commercialization. In conclusion, it describes a brief perspective on the future prospects of carbohydrate-based MNs referred to as the new class of topical drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Invasome: A Novel Nanocarrier for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Babaie ◽  
Azizeh Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh ◽  
Ji Won Ha ◽  
Hamed Hamishehkar ◽  
Ki Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Vesicular Carriers ◽  
Transdermal Penetration ◽  
Dermal Drug Delivery

Invasomes are novel vesicular systems that exhibit improved transdermal penetration compared to conventional liposomes. These vesicles contain phospholipids, ethanol, and terpene in their structures; these components confer suitable transdermal penetration properties to the soft vesicles. The main advantages of these nanovesicles lie in their ability to increase the permeability of the drug into the skin and decrease absorption into the systemic circulation, thus, limiting the activity of various drugs within the skin layer. In this paper, several features of invasomes, including their structure, mechanism of penetration, applications, characterization, and potential advantages in dermal drug delivery, are highlighted. Overall, this review suggests that enhanced transdermal penetration of drugs using invasomes provides an appropriate opportunity for the development of lipid vesicular carriers.

scholarly journals Topical Corticosteroids in Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: An Overview of Their Current Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Kusha Sharma ◽  
Abhay Tharmatt ◽  
Shivali Salooria ◽  
Rashi Sharma ◽  
Neena Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Topical Corticosteroids ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Immunosuppressive Action

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by epidermal changes with immune regulatory abnormalities. The pathogenesis of AD involves skin barrier defects, genetic factors and immune deregulation. The AD therapy includes skin hydration, anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial medications and treatment of pruritus. Currently, topical corticosteroids (TCs) are the most frequently used drugs for the treatment of AD due to their potent immunosuppressive action. However, TCs are associated with several local and systemic side effects. The topical steroid addiction and phobia are among the major challenges with TC therapy. Over the years, efforts are being made to reduce side effects which involve adjustment of dosing, minimizing use in vulnerable areas, avoiding prolonged drug usage and application of novel drug delivery systems. The present review provides an overview of the current and upcoming delivery systems of TCs along with novel approaches being employed to improve the drug delivery in the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Qun Yu ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Xiao-Fang Wu ◽  
Yi-Bin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Route Of Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Route

The transdermal route of administration provides numerous advantages over conventional routes i.e., oral or injectable for the treatment of different diseases and cosmetics applications. The skin also works as a reservoir, thus deliver the penetrated drug for more extended periods in a sustained manner. It reduces toxicity and local irritation due to multiple sites for absorption and owes the option of avoiding systemic side effects. However, the transdermal route of delivery for many drugs is limited since very few drugs can be delivered at a viable rate using this route. The stratum corneum of skin works as an effective barrier, limiting most drugs’ penetration posing difficulty to cross through the skin. Fortunately, some non-invasive methods can significantly enhance the penetration of drugs through this barrier. The use of nanocarriers for increasing the range of available drugs for the transdermal delivery has emerged as a valuable and exciting alternative. Both the lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs can be delivered via a range of nanocarriers through the stratum corneum with the possibility of having local or systemic effects to treat various diseases. In this review, the skin structure and major obstacle for transdermal drug delivery, different nanocarriers used for transdermal delivery, i.e., nanoparticles, ethosomes, dendrimers, liposomes, etc., have been discussed. Some recent examples of the combination of nanocarrier and physical methods, including iontophoresis, ultrasound, laser, and microneedles, have also been discussed for improving the therapeutic efficacy of transdermal drugs. Limitations and future perspectives of nanocarriers for transdermal drug delivery have been summarized at the end of this manuscript.

scholarly journals Ethosome: a novel vesicular carrier for transdermal drug delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saquib Raza Zahid ◽  
Neeraj Upmanyu ◽  
Surendra Dangi ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Ray ◽  
Prabhat Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study

Delivery across skin is striking due to its easy convenience. However, drug delivery across skin is still a confront in biomedical sciences. Over the past few decades, various successful narrative devices and techniques have emerged to optimize drug delivery across skin whose barricading behaviour constricts entry of most of the therapeutic agents. Ethosomes are non-invasive delivery transporter that enables drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation. Although ethosomal systems are theoretically sophisticated, they are characterized by simplicity in their preparation, efficacy and safety. A combination that can highly inflate their application. Ethosomes are soft, malleable vesicles adapted for enhanced delivery of active agents. This article reviews work carried out method of preparation, application and characterization of ethosomal systems. Because of their exceptional structure, ethosomes are able to encapsulate and deliver through the skin highly lipophilic molecules such as testosterone, cannabinoids and minoxidil as well as cationic drugs such as trihexyphenidil and propranolol. Results obtained in a double-blind two-armed randomized clinical study showed that treatment with the ethosomal acyclovir formulation appreciably improved all the evaluated parameters. In further work, the ethosomal expertise was broadened to introduce agents into cultured cells and microorganisms. Enhanced delivery of bioactive molecules through the skin and cellular membranes by means of an ethosomal transporter opens numerous confronts and prospects for the research and future development of novel improved therapies. Keywords: Ethosomes, Skin layers, Characterization

A Hollow Microneedle Carrier for Enhancing Skin Penetration of Large Molecular Compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 549-553
Author(s):  
Nanthida Wonglertnirant ◽  
Tanasait Ngawhirunpat ◽  
Praneet Opanasopit ◽  
Hiroaki Todo ◽  
Kenji Sugibayashi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Molecular Compound ◽  
Hollow Microneedle ◽  
Release Profiles

Delivery of drugs through skin is obstructed by the excellent barrier properties of the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC). A strategy employing microneedles have recently emerged as a minimally invasive device for disrupting the SC structure and creating holes for molecules to pass through. Hollow-typed microneedles permit drug delivery which can be modulated over time via active delivery controlled by hand or pump. In this study, the potential of hollow microneedle for overcoming the outermost skin barrier and facilitating drug delivery into skin was investigated. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans (4.3 kDa), FD-4, was used as a model large molecular compound. The effects of injection volume and formulation on drug release behavior from skin were determined. FD-4 was favorably loaded into the lower epidermis as well as the superficial dermis of the skin by a hollow microneedle. The release profiles of FD-4 were analyzed by Higuchi model based on Fick’s law of diffusion. The higher the volume of FD-4 solution injected, the faster the FD-4 release rate from skin. Liposome formulation exhibited no difference on drug release profiles compared with the solution. The results provide information for designing an effective hollow microneedles system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document