An easy and low-cost biomagnetic methodology to study regional gastrointestinal transit in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pinto ◽  
Guilherme Soares ◽  
André Próspero ◽  
Erick Stoppa ◽  
Gabriel Biasotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Alternate Current ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
Magnetic Tracer ◽  
Tracer Distribution ◽  
Gi Transit

Abstract The identification of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders requires the evaluation of regional GI transit, and the development of alternative methodologies in animals has a significant impact on translational approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate an easy and low-cost methodology (alternate current biosusceptometry – ACB) for the assessment of regional GI transit in rats through images. Rats were fed a test meal containing magnetic tracer and phenol red, and GI segments (stomach, proximal, medial and distal small intestine, and cecum) were collected to assess tracer’s retention at distinct times after ingestion (0, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min). Images were obtained by scanning the segments, and phenol red concentration was determined by the sample’s absorbance. The temporal retention profile, geometric center, gastric emptying, and cecum arrival were evaluated. The correlation coefficient between methods was 0.802, and the temporal retention of each segment was successfully assessed. GI parameters yielded comparable results between methods, and ACB images presented advantages as the possibility to visualize intrasegmental tracer distribution and the automated scan of the segments. The imaging approach provided a reliable assessment of several parameters simultaneously and may serve as an accurate and sensitive approach for regional GI research in rats.

Evaluation of gastrointestinal motility in awake rats: a learning exercise for undergraduate biomedical students

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. N. Souza ◽  
M. H. L. P. Souza ◽  
R. C. Palheta ◽  
P. R. M. Cruz ◽  
B. A. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Awake Rats

Current medical curricula devote scarce time for practical activities on digestive physiology, despite frequent misconceptions about dyspepsia and dysmotility phenomena. Thus, we designed a hands-on activity followed by a small-group discussion on gut motility. Male awake rats were randomly submitted to insulin, control, or hypertonic protocols. Insulin and control rats were gavage fed with 5% glucose solution, whereas hypertonic-fed rats were gavage fed with 50% glucose solution. Insulin treatment was performed 30 min before a meal. All meals (1.5 ml) contained an equal mass of phenol red dye. After 10, 15, or 20 min of meal gavage, rats were euthanized. Each subset consisted of six to eight rats. Dye recovery in the stomach and proximal, middle, and distal small intestine was measured by spectrophotometry, a safe and reliable method that can be performed by minimally trained students. In a separate group of rats, we used the same protocols except that the test meal contained 99mTc as a marker. Compared with control, the hypertonic meal delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit, whereas insulinic hypoglycemia accelerated them. The session helped engage our undergraduate students in observing and analyzing gut motor behavior. In conclusion, the fractional dye retention test can be used as a teaching tool to strengthen the understanding of basic physiopathological features of gastrointestinal motility.

The impact of naloxegol treatment on gastrointestinal transit and colonic volume

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
D. Grønlund ◽  
A.E. Olesen ◽  
J.L. Poulsen ◽  
C. Brock ◽  
A.M. Drewes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Gi Transit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims Opioid treatment is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, known as opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD). Symptoms of OIBD are caused by opioid receptor activation in the enteric nervous system, which results in increased GI transit time and increased faecal volume in the colon. OIBD can be experimentally induced in healthy participants through oral oxycodone treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether administration of naloxegol, a peripherally restricted opioid antagonist, could reduce GI symptoms, GI transit time, and colorectal volume, using an experimental model of OIBD. Methods In a double blind crossover trial, twenty-five healthy males were randomly assigned to a six day treatment of oral oxycodone in combination with either oral naloxegol or placebo. At baseline and at day six, participants filled in the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom questionnaire, and colorectal volume was quantified with a magnetic resonance imaging method. Participants swallowed a small electromagnetic capsule, which allowed determination of total and segmental GI transit times, using the 3D-Transit system. Results In the established model of oxycodone induced OIBD, fewer GI symptoms were observed during naloxegol treatment, compared to placebo (P <0.01). Naloxegol decreased median total transit time by 27% (56 vs 71 h, P < 0.05) and decreased colorectal transit time by 33% (45 vs 59 h, P < 0.01), compared to placebo. No difference in colorectal volume was found between the two treatments. Conclusions In an experimental model of OIBD, GI symptoms and GI transit time were reduced during treatment with naloxegol, compared to placebo. However, naloxegol treatment did not reduce colorectal volume. These findings add information on the potential of naloxegol to be used in prevention and treatment of OIBD.

The serotonin receptor mediates changes in autonomic neurotransmission and gastrointestinal transit induced by heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Horii ◽  
Y. Nakakita ◽  
Y. Misonou ◽  
T. Nakamura ◽  
K. Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Vagal Nerve Activity ◽  
Gi Transit

Lactobacilli exhibit several health benefits in mammals, including humans. Our previous reports established that heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 (SBC8803) increased both efferent gastric vagal nerve activity and afferent intestinal vagal nerve activity in rats. We speculated that this strain could be useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In this study, we examined the effects of SBC8803 on peristalsis and the activity of the efferent celiac vagal nerve innervating the intestine in rats. First, we examined the effects of intraduodenal (ID) administration of SBC8803 on efferent celiac vagal nerve activity (efferent CVNA) in urethane-anesthetised rats using electrophysiological studies. The effects of intravenous injection of the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist granisetron on changes in efferent CVNA due to ID administration of SBC8803 were also investigated. Finally, the effects of oral gavage of SBC8803 on GI transit were analysed using the charcoal propulsion method in conscious rats treated with or without granisetron. ID administration of SBC8803 increased efferent CVNA. Pretreatment with granisetron eliminated SBC8803-dependent changes in efferent CVNA. Furthermore, oral gavage of SBC8803 significantly accelerated GI transit, while pretreatment with granisetron inhibited GI transit. Our findings suggested that SBC8803 increased efferent CVNA and GI transit of charcoal meal via 5-HT3 receptors. Moreover, SBC8803 enhanced the activity of efferent vagal nerve innervating the intestine and promoted peristalsis via 5-HT3 receptors.

scholarly journals Ghrelin improves burn-induced delayed gastrointestinal transit in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R253-R257 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Sallam ◽  
H. M. Oliveira ◽  
H. T. Gan ◽  
D. N. Herndon ◽  
J. D. Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cholinergic Pathway ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Delayed gastrointestinal transit is common in patients with severe burn. Ghrelin is a potent prokinetic peptide. We aimed at testing the effect of ghrelin on burn-induced delayed gastrointestinal transit in rats. Gastric emptying (GE), intestinal transit (IT), and colonic transit (CT) studies were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomized into two main groups as follows: sham injury and ghrelin-treated burn injury with doses of 0, 2, 5, and 10 nmol/rat ip 6 h after burn. Sham/burn injury was induced under anesthesia. Rats received a phenol red meal 20 min following ghrelin injection. Based on the most effective ghrelin dose, 1 mg/kg sc atropine was given 30 min before the ghrelin in one group of rats for each study. The rats in each group were killed 30–90 min later; their stomachs, intestines, and colons were harvested immediately, and the amount of phenol red recovered was measured. Percentage of gastric emptying (GE%) and geometric center for IT and CT were calculated. We found 1) severe cutaneous burn injury significantly delayed GE, IT, and CT compared with sham injury ( P < 0.05); 2) ghrelin normalized both GE and IT, but not the CT; 3) the most effective dose of ghrelin was 2 nmol/rat; and 4) atropine blocked the prokinetic effects of ghrelin on GE% and IT. In conclusion, ghrelin normalizes burn-induced delayed GE and IT but has no effect on CT in rats. The prokinetic effects of ghrelin are exerted via the cholinergic pathway. Ghrelin may have a therapeutic potential for burn patients with delayed upper gastrointestinal transit.

scholarly journals Application of a Novel Low-Cost Hyperspectral Imaging Setup Operating in the Mid-Infrared Region

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Kilgus ◽  
Robert Zimmerleiter ◽  
Kristina Duswald ◽  
Florian Hinterleitner ◽  
Gregor Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Spectral Identification ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
Reflection Geometry ◽  
Fingerprint Region ◽  
Working Distance

In this contribution, we demonstrate the realization and application of a low-cost, flexible, small and fast hyperspectral imaging approach operating in the midinfrared fingerprint region where most molecules exhibit their fundamental vibrations. Following this approach, the recording of chemical images of macroscopic-sized samples at standoff distances in reflection geometry is possible. The optical setup is based on spectral identification by means of a MEMS-based Fabry-Pérot interferometer combined with 2D-snapshot spatial resolution using a bolometer camera. Results show the successful spatially resolved (resolution below 500 µm) chemical identification of different samples deposited on a metal surface (FOV = 6 × 5 cm) at a working distance of 35 cm.

scholarly journals Identification of microalgae from waste stabilization ponds and evaluation of electroflotation by alternate current for simultaneous biomass separation and cell disruption

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Patricya Florentino ◽  
Mayara Carantino Costa ◽  
José Gilmar Silva Nascimento ◽  
Eliezer Fares Abdala-Neto ◽  
Cesar Rossas Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Alternate Current ◽  
Cell Disruption ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Algal Diversity ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting ◽  
Waste Stabilization

ABSTRACT This work aimed to investigate algal diversity at the genus level in stabilization pond systems treating domestic wastewater and to evaluate the feasibility of an electroflotation by alternate current (EFAC) system for simultaneous microalgae separation and cell disruption. Evaluation of algal diversity showed that the genera Euglena and Chlorella were present in relatively high frequencies in five of the six effluents analyzed. The use of EFAC on an effluent that presented bloom of Chlorella achieved turbidity and chlorophyll-a removal efficiencies higher than 70 and 90%, respectively, after 70 minutes of operation. Total lipid yield for the Chlorella-rich biomass was 21.4±2.02%. Such high biomass lipid content demonstrates the potential for obtaining lipid-based biofuels from wastes. The current paper describes the first attempt, with promising results, at using electroflotation by alternate current for low cost, simultaneous microalgae harvesting and disruption.

Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit times and pH in healthy cats using a continuous pH monitoring system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110620
Author(s):  
Naila J Telles ◽  
Bradley T Simon ◽  
Elizabeth M Scallan ◽  
Emily N Gould ◽  
Mark G Papich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Gi Transit ◽  
Continuous Ph Monitoring

Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize gastrointestinal (GI) transit times and pH in healthy cats. Methods GI transit times and pH were measured in six healthy, colony-housed, purpose-bred spayed female cats using a continuous, non-invasive pH monitoring system in a sequential order design. For the first period (‘pre-feeding’), food was withheld for 20 h, followed by oral administration of a pH capsule. Five hours post-capsule administration, cats were meal-fed by offering them their daily allowance of food for 1 h. For the second period (‘post-feeding’), food was withheld for 24 h and cats were fed for 1 h, after which a pH capsule was orally administered. Studies in both periods were repeated three times. GI transit times and pH were compared between the two periods. Results The median transit times for the pre- and post-feeding periods, respectively, were: gastric –94 mins (range 1–4101) and 1068 mins (range 484–5521); intestinal –1350 mins (range 929–2961) and 1534 mins (range 442–2538); and GI –1732 mins (range 1105–5451) and 2795 mins (range 926–6563). The median GI pH values for the first and second periods, respectively, were: esophageal –7.0 (range 3.5–7.8) and 4.5 (range 2.9–6.4); gastric –2.7 (range 1.7–6.2) and 2.0 (range 1.1–3.3); intestinal –8.2 (range 7.6–8.7) and 7.8 (range 6.7–8.5); first-hour small intestinal –8.2 (range 7.4–8.7) and 8.3 (range 7.9–8.6); and last-hour large intestinal –8.5 (range 7.0–8.9) and 7.8 (range 6.3–8.7). Gastric ( P <0.0020) and intestinal pH ( P <0.0059) were significantly increased in the pre-feeding period compared with the post-feeding period. Conclusions and relevance Gastric and intestinal pH differed significantly when the capsule was administered 5 h prior to feeding compared with 1 h after feeding. Transit times for both periods showed high degrees of intra- and inter-individual variability.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Variation Associated with Repeated Measurement of Gastrointestinal Transit Times and Assessment of the Effect of Oral Ranitidine on Gastrointestinal Transit Times Using a Wireless Motility Capsule System in Dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Lidbury ◽  
Jan S. Suchodolski ◽  
Renata Ivanek ◽  
Jörg M. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Repeated Measurement ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Wireless Motility Capsule ◽  
Gastric Emptying Time ◽  
Gi Transit ◽  
Privately Owned

This study aimed to evaluate the variation associated with repeated measurement of gastrointestinal (GI) transit times and the effect of oral ranitidine on GI transit times in healthy dogs using a wireless motility capsule (WMC) system. Eight privately owned healthy adult dogs were enrolled, and one developed diarrhea and was removed from the study. For the first 3 repetitions, each dog was fed a standard meal followed by oral administration of a WMC. For the 4th repetition, each dog was given ranitidine hydrochloride (75 mg PO every 12 hours) prior to and during assessment of GI transit times. Mean between-subject coefficients of variation for gastric emptying time (GET), small and large bowel transit time (SLBTT), and total transit time (TTT) were 26.9%, 32.3%, and 19.6%, respectively. Mean within-subject coefficients of variation for GET, SLBTT, and TTT were 9.3%, 19.6%, and 15.9%, respectively. Median GET, SLBTT, and TTT without ranitidine were 719, 1,636, and 2,735 minutes, respectively. Median GET, SLBTT, and TTT with ranitidine were 757, 1,227, and 2,083 minutes, respectively. No significant differences in GI transit times were found between any of the 4 repetitions. Under these experimental conditions, no significant effects of oral ranitidine on GI transit times were observed.

scholarly journals The impact of opioid treatment on regional gastrointestinal transit

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
D. Jørgensen ◽  
J.L. Poulsen ◽  
A.E. Olesen ◽  
C. Brock ◽  
T.H. Sandberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Opioid Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Gi Transit ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAimsTo employ a human experimental model of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) in healthy volunteers, and evaluate the impact of opioid treatment compared to placebo on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and motility, assessed by questionnaires and regional GI transit times.MethodsTwenty-five healthy males were randomly assigned to oxycodone or placebo for five days in a double-blind, crossover design. Adverse GI effects were measured with bowel function index, gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, patient assessment of constipation symptoms questionnaire, and bristol stool form scale. Regional GI transit times were determined using the 3D-Transit system and segmental colonic transit times were determined using a custom Matlab® graphical user interface.ResultsGI symptom scores increased significantly across all applied questionnaires during opioid treatment. Oxycodone increased median total GI transit time from 22.2 to 43.9 h (P< 0.01), segmental transit times in the cecum and ascending colon from 5.7 to 9.9 h (P<0.05), rectosigmoid transit time from 2.7 to 9.0 h (P<0.05), and colorectal transit time from 18.6 to 38.6 h (P<0.01). No association between questionnaire scores and segmental transit times were detected.ConclusionsSelf-assessed adverse GI effects and increased GI transit times in different segments were induced during oxycodone treatment. This detailed information about segmental changes in motility has great potential for future interventional head-to-head trials of different laxative regimes for prevention and treatment of OIBD.

scholarly journals Production of Fungal Laccase under Solid State Bioprocessing of Agroindustrial Waste and Its Application in Decolourization of Synthetic Dyes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Benjamin Vandelun Ado ◽  
Abiodun Anthony Onilude ◽  
Hyacinth Ocheigwu Apeh Oluma ◽  
Daniel Malo Mabitine
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste ◽  
Optimum Production

Fungal laccases are preferred due to high redox potentials and low substrate specificity to xenobiotics including synthetic dyes. For large-scale applications, low enzyme yield and high cost of production has remained the challenge. Agroindustrial waste such as saw-dust of Terminalia superba abounds locally and was utilized as low-cost alternative substrate for laccase production in Solid State Bioprocessing (SSB) using Trametes sp. isolate G31. The study optimized laccase production using various parameters. Optimal production of laccase was at pH 5.0 - 7.0 with 2356 U/mL - 2369 U/mL and 25°C (2336 U/mL). Among the sources of nitrogen and carbon tested, laccase production in ammonium sulphate and sucrose supplemented media were higher. The effect of activators on laccases production showed that Cu2+ and Ca2+induced high titres of laccase at 4 -5 mM and 2 - 4 mM respectively, while production of laccase by Mn2+ was significantly high at 40 mM. The effect of 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol and varatryl alcohol on laccase production was significantly different especially in glycerol. Optimum production for laccase was on day 14 with 2356 U/mL followed by steady declined up to day 34. The purified laccase had a specific activity of 5008 µmol/min/mg, purification factor of 3.85, and a molecular mass of ~40 kDa using N-PAGE. The potential of crude laccase to decolourize diverse dyes was tested. Phenol red achieved 40% decolourization for 1hr, while RBBR (93%), Crystal violet (60%), Methylene blue (53%) and Congo red (51%) for 24 hr, 72 hr, 48 hr and 120 hr respectively. Methyl red and Malachite green attained 42% (72 hr) and 32% (48 hr) decolourization. The enzyme ability to oxidize Phenol red and other synthetic dyes without mediators made it eco-friendly in treating dye wastewaters.

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