Advanced lipoprotein testing for cardiovascular diseases risk assessment: a review of the novel approaches in lipoprotein profiling

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Clouet-Foraison ◽  
Francois Gaie-Levrel ◽  
Philippe Gillery ◽  
Vincent Delatour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
New Methodologies

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) worldwide, finding reliable and clinically relevant biomarkers to predict acute cardiovascular events has been a major aim of the scientific and medical community. Improvements of the understanding of the pathophysiological pathways of the disease highlighted the major role of lipoprotein particles, and these past decades have seen the emergence of a number of new methodologies to separate, measure and quantitate lipoproteins. Those methods, also known as advanced lipoprotein testing methods (ALT), have gained acceptance in the field of CVD risk assessment and have proven their clinical relevance. In the context of worldwide standardization and harmonization of biological assays, efforts have been initiated toward standardization of ALT methods. However, the complexity of lipoprotein particles and the multiple approaches and methodologies reported to quantify them have rendered these initiatives a critical issue. In this context and to better understand these challenges, this review presents a summary of the major methods available for ALT with the aim to point out the major differences in terms of procedures and quantities actually measured and to discuss the resulting comparability issues.

scholarly journals Comparative risk assessment for the development of cardiovascular diseases in the Hungarian general and Roma population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Piko ◽  
Zsigmond Kosa ◽  
Janos Sandor ◽  
Roza Adany
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Roma Population

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and the early identification of high risk is crucial to prevent the disease and to reduce healthcare costs. Short life expectancy and increased mortality among the Roma are generally accepted (although not indeed proven by mortality analyses) which can be partially explained by the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) among them. This study aims to elaborate on the prevalence of the most important CVD risk factors, assess the estimation of a 10-year risk of development of fatal and nonfatal CVDs based on the most used risk assessment scoring models, and to compare the Hungarian general (HG) and Roma (HR) populations. In 2018 a complex health survey was accomplished on the HG (n = 380) and HR (n = 347) populations. The prevalence of CVRS was defined and 10-year cardiovascular risk was estimated for both study populations using the following systems: Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (FRSCHD) and for cardiovascular disease (FRSCVD), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) and Revised Pooled Cohort Equations (RPCE). After the risk scores had been calculated, the populations were divided into risk categories and all subjects were classified. For all CVD risk estimation scores, the average of the estimated risk was higher among Roma compared to the HG independently of the gender. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma males population was on average 1.5–3 times higher than in the general one. Among Roma females, the average risk value was higher than in the HG one. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma females population was on average 2–3 times higher compared to the distribution of females in the general population. Our results show that both genders in the Hungarian Roma population have a significantly higher risk for a 10-year development of cardiovascular diseases and dying from them compared to the HG one. Therefore, cardiovascular interventions should be focusing not only on reducing smoking among Roma but on improving health literacy and service provision regarding prevention, early recognition, and treatment of lipid disorders and diabetes among them.

scholarly journals The novel role of epigenetics in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Napoli ◽  
Amelia Casamassimi ◽  
Vincenzo Grimaldi ◽  
Concetta Schiano ◽  
Teresa Infante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
The Novel

Mass spectrometry for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases based on proteomics and lipidomics

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (07) ◽  
pp. 20-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Thomas ◽  
Sébastien Lenglet ◽  
Pierre Chaurand ◽  
Julien Déglon ◽  
Patrice Mangin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Analytical Platforms ◽  
Broad Interest

SummaryThe identification and quantification of proteins and lipids is of major importance for the diagnosis, prognosis and understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in disease development. Owing to its selectivity and sensitivity, mass spectrometry has become a key technique in analytical platforms for proteomic and lipidomic investigations. Using this technique, many strategies have been developed based on unbiased or targeted approaches to highlight or monitor molecules of interest from biomatrices. Although these approaches have largely been employed in cancer research, this type of investigation has been met by a growing interest in the field of cardiovascular disorders, potentially leading to the discovery of novel biomarkers and the development of new therapies. In this paper, we will review the different mass spectrometry- based proteomic and lipidomic strategies applied in cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis. Particular attention will be given to recent developments and the role of bioinformatics in data treatment. This review will be of broad interest to the medical community by providing a tutorial of how mass spectrometric strategies can support clinical trials.

scholarly journals New methodologies for the detection, identification, and quantification of microplastics and their environmental degradation by-products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Castelvetro ◽  
Andrea Corti ◽  
Greta Biale ◽  
Alessio Ceccarini ◽  
Ilaria Degano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Analytical Protocols

AbstractSampling, separation, detection, and characterization of microplastics (MPs) dispersed in natural water bodies and ecosystems is a challenging and critical issue for a better understanding of the hazards for the environment posed by such nearly ubiquitous and still largely unknown form of pollution. There is still the need for exhaustive, reliable, accurate, reasonably fast, and cost-efficient analytical protocols allowing the quantification not only of MPs but also of nanoplastics (NPs) and of the harmful molecular pollutants that may result from degrading plastics. Here a set of newly developed analytical protocols, integrated with specialized techniques such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), for the accurate and selective determination of the polymers most commonly found as MPs polluting marine and freshwater sediments are presented. In addition, the results of an investigation on the low molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released upon photo-oxidative degradation of microplastics highlight the important role of photoinduced fragmentation at a molecular level both as a potential source of hazardous chemicals and as accelerators of the overall degradation of floating or stranded plastic debris.

scholarly journals New patient assessment in old age psychiatry: the importance of risk assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Hemsley ◽  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Aneeba Anwar ◽  
Sarah Jones ◽  
Lola Martos
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Assessments ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry

Aims and methodIn recent years, the role of non-medical community mental health team (CMHT) clinicians has widened to include new patient assessments. It is unclear whether all professionals have the skills and confidence to undertake these to a high quality. This project investigated which professionals are doing new assessments, evaluated their quality and explored the assessors' unmet training needs. The study was based on the data extracted from electronic notes and a complete audit cycle in South Oxfordshire Older Adults CMHT; this was a cross-sectional study across Oxfordshire older adults services.ResultsMost new assessments (72.4%) were done by non-medical clinicians; the majority were missing important information, especially relating to medications and risk assessment. Only 75% of assessors felt at least ‘partially confident’ to do assessments and found them stressful, with 86% keen to undertake further training.Clinical implicationsSimple measures such as an assessment form, a programme of training seminars and adequate supervision, delivered to all CMHT clinicians, can ensure high-quality assessment in diverse clinical environments.

Mitochondrial Contributions to Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction, Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Kirkman ◽  
Austin T. Robinson ◽  
Matthew J. Rossman ◽  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
David G. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Related Mortality

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) affect 1 in 3 adults and remain the leading causes of death in America. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD. Recent plateaus in CVD-related mortality rates in high income countries after decades of decline highlight a critical need to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies to mitigate and manage the risk of CVD development and progression. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, is independently associated with an increased CVD risk and incidence and is therefore an attractive target for CVD prevention and management. Vascular mitochondria have emerged as an important player in maintaining vascular homeostasis. As such, age and disease related impairments in mitochondrial function contribute to vascular dysfunction and consequent increases in CVD risk. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in vascular function and discusses the ramifications of mitochondrial dysfunction on vascular health in the setting of age and disease. The adverse vascular consequences of increased mitochondria derived reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial quality control and defective mitochondrial calcium cycling are emphasized, in particular. Current evidence for both lifestyle and pharmaceutical mitochondrial-targeted strategies to improve vascular function is also presented.

scholarly journals The Fourth Trimester: Pregnancy as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pensée Wu ◽  
Ki Park ◽  
Martha Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Underlying Pathogenesis

Pregnancy identifies women who may be at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), based on the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), and may identify women who may benefit from atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk reduction efforts. APOs are common and although they are separate diagnoses, all these disorders seem to share an underlying pathogenesis. What is not clear is whether the APO itself initiates a pathway that results in CVD or whether the APO uncovers a woman’s predisposition to CVD. Regardless, APOs have immediate risks to maternal and foetal health, in addition to longer-term CVD consequences. CVD risk assessment and stratification in women remains complex and, historically, has underestimated risk, especially in young women. Further research is needed into the role of ASCVD risk assessment and the effect of aggressive ASCVD risk modification on CVD outcomes in women with a history of APOs.

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