The vertical glass ceiling: Explaining female politicians’ underrepresentation in television news

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby Vos
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Television News ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Vertical Glass ◽  
Political Differences

AbstractThis study analyses television news coverage of female politicians in Flanders (Belgium). Women politicians receive less coverage than their male colleagues do. We investigate whether this gender bias can be explained by political differences between men and women or whether a real media bias exists. We examine ten possible explanations, which can be divided into two groups: characteristics of female politicians, such as their function, and of news features, such as the theme of the item. Overall, the lower level functions of female politicians largely determine their limited television news coverage. Nevertheless, female politicians still get less speaking time, even when controlling for all ten variables. Thus, in addition to political gender differences, a real gender bias exists in Flemish television news: Female politicians receive less news coverage compared to male politicians with a similar political status.

Gendering in the electoral run: A media monitoring study of women politicians’ representation in Belgian news

Journalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146488492110324
Author(s):  
Joke D’Heer ◽  
Sara De Vuyst ◽  
Sarah Van Leuven
Keyword(s):  
Women Politicians ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Web Based ◽  
News Content ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
Media Monitoring

The present study explores gendered representations in Belgian electoral news coverage. Compared to other Western countries, Belgium has consistently reported a small share of female politicians in the news, offering limited insights into the ways they are portrayed. Starting from the observation that the (mainly Anglo-Saxon) body of work on women politicians’ representation has reported mixed findings, the study intends to provide a more comprehensive analysis by taking political and contextual factors into account. By means of a quantitative content analysis, we monitored news content prior to the 2019 Belgian elections, resulting in a sample of 981 television, newspaper, radio and web-based news items. The findings confirm the persistence of gendered patterns in Belgian news content, regardless of a candidate’s political characteristics. Women were less often represented and their gender, appearance and family life were more often highlighted. Whereas a candidate’s political power provided additional insights into gendering, some differences in coverage between candidates could not be explained by either sex or political characteristics. Lastly, differences between media were limited, though web-based news was more negative in tone.

scholarly journals UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN DAN MARGINALISASI PEREMPUAN (Studi Kritis Terhadap Undang-undang Perkawinan No.1 Tahun 1974)

EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdul Hamid, MA, Nur Fadhilah, S.HI
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Men And Women

Gender differences which generats gender role do not need to be refused as long as they do not cause undesirable impacts. However, the problem is that gender role creates unequality structures in particular aspects such as can be found in Marital Laws. Some sections of Marital laws are considered gender bias for women. For instance, section 31  verse 3 and section 4 are categorized as irrelevant sections to build gender as well as human rights equality which been recommended by CEDAW convention (Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Againts Women) and Act no 7/1984. Therefore, these efforts should be taken to establish the Act or the regulation based on gender perspective to achieve equality and justice for both sexes (men and women) in all aspects particularly in a family relationship.

Conventional Coverage/Unconventional Politicians: Gender and Media Coverage of Canadian Leaders' Debates, 1993, 1997, 2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Gidengil ◽  
Joanna Everitt
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
English Language ◽  
Television News ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Actual Behaviour ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Female Leader ◽  
Gender And Media

This article explores the implications for female politicians of the gendered nature of news coverage. An analysis of the language used in television news coverage of the English-language leaders' debates in the Canadian federal elections of 1993, 1997 and 2000 confirms that the debates are framed in stereotypically masculine ways as battles, sporting events or back street brawls. When the news coverage is compared with the leaders' actual behaviour in the debates, it is clear that the coverage focuses disproportionately on combative displays of behaviour by female party leaders, but tends to ignore the women when they adopt a more low-key style, especially when the novelty of a female leader has worn off.

scholarly journals Political Leadership in the Media: Gender Bias in Leader Stereotypes during Campaign and Routine Times

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes Aaldering ◽  
Daphne Joanna Van Der Pas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Leadership Traits ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Automated Content Analysis ◽  
Female Politicians

This article studies gender differences in media portrayals of political leadership, starting with the expectation that male politicians are evaluated more often on traits belonging to the male leader stereotype, and that female politicians have no such advantage. These gender differences are expected to be especially pronounced during non-campaign periods. To test these expectations, a large-scale automated content analysis of all Dutch national newspapers from September 2006 to September 2012 was conducted. The results show that male politicians received more media coverage on leadership traits in general, although the male and female leader stereotypes explain most of the variation in gender bias between leadership traits. These gender effects are found during seldom-studied routine periods but not during campaigns. As leadership trait coverage has electoral consequences, this gender-differentiated coverage likely contributes to the under-representation of women in politics.

scholarly journals Enduring Gender Bias in Reporting on Political Elite Positions

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Hooghe ◽  
Laura Jacobs ◽  
Ellen Claes
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Television News ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Women In Parliament

In Belgium, like in numerous other democracies, the representation of women in parliament has risen sharply in recent decades, partly because of gender quota legislation. This rapid evolution implies that traditional notions on the presence of gender bias in media reporting need to be re-assessed. Relying on data from more than six thousand full newscasts, we examine the allotted speaking time to members of parliament (MPs) from 2003 until 2011 in the two main television news broadcasts in the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to determine which factors influence the probability and volume of television news coverage of MPs. The results indicate that—even controlling for alternative explanations—news media persist in a biased treatment of female MPs: Female MPs are significantly less likely to be allotted speaking time, and they receive less speaking time than their male colleagues. Moreover, results show that this gap in media coverage is present especially for elite and thus newsworthy positions. Apparently, gender bias in the media persists, even when the political system evolves rapidly toward equal representation.

scholarly journals “Frontrunners”: An investigation of the discursive construction of “women politicians” intersectional identity

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-478
Author(s):  
Patrizia Milesi ◽  
Augusta Isabella Alberici
Keyword(s):  
Women Politicians ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Ideological Identity

This paper explores how female politicians discursively construct their intersectional identity as “women politicians.” We interviewed 10 female politicians in charge of local political offices and examined how they talked about the boundaries and contents of their “women politicians” identity. When talking about identity boundaries, the interviewees first presented “women politicians” as an exclusive minority within their gender group. Second, they constructed intergroup categorizations by comparing women who meet the requirements to enter politics versus women who do not. When talking about identity contents, the interviewees constructed intergroup categorizations along the ideological axis only. Thus, they overlooked the differences between men and women who share the same ideology while they enhanced the differences among women of different ideologies. Overall, the interviewees constructed their “women politicians” identity as a subordinate identity within their overarching ideological identity rather than as a real intersectional identity. These results are discussed also in terms of discursive de-politicization of the “women politicians” intersectional identity.

scholarly journals Female Politicians Representation’s in Corruption Cases in Online News

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prawinda Putri Anzari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Online News ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories

Despite having thirty per cent quota of parliamentary seats, women in fact are only able to fill up the quota amount of 23 per cent. This certainly has a great influence for women’s active participation in politics in most countries worldwide. In Indonesia, the image of women’s roles associated with politics is statistically unfavorable. With a strong patriarchal system, men still have a bigger role in politics rather than women. The images of female political actors also still tend to be flawed. Woman makes headlines in politics when she becomes the object of scandal. On the other hand stereotypes and gender bias between men and women will always exist in the mass media. Stereotypes are used to describe the social categories of men and women. In the news, text can be seen how media and journalists use gender categories in political news. This research uses discourse analysis method in online news text. The analysis focuses on the usage of language in the social context. By using the concept of text analysis, it can be seen how the news about women politicians depicted in the form of writing or discourse. The theory used in this research is Stuart Hall’s representation. Using the concept of representation from Stuart Hall, it could be seen that online news portals have a gender bias in reporting corruption cases of female political actors. Through representation, the meaning was produced and exchanged among members of society and displaying distinctive images for female political actors in Indonesia. Keywords: women in politic, online media, online news, gender bias, female politician

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Political Media Coverage: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Joanna Van der Pas ◽  
Loes Aaldering
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Abstract Do the media cover men and women politicians and candidates differently? This article performs a systematic analysis of 90 studies covering over 25,000 politicians in over 750,000 media stories, and presents the accumulated knowledge in a comprehensive theoretical framework. The paper shows that there is a gender bias in the amount of coverage of politicians in proportional electoral systems, where women politicians lag behind men in media attention, but that, surprisingly, this gender bias is absent in majoritarian electoral systems. In addition, we systematically review gender differences in the content of media reports on political candidates, such as differences in attention to private life and family, viability and horse-race coverage, issue coverage, and gender stereotypes. Overall, women politicians receive more attention to their appearance and personal life, more negative viability coverage, and, to some extent, stereotypical issue and trait coverage. We conclude by pointing out promising avenues for future research.

Can Women Teach Math (and Be Promoted)? A Meta-analysis of Gender Differences across Student Evaluations of Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Felkey ◽  
Cassondra Batz-Barbarich
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Student Teaching ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Student Evaluations Of Teaching ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Teaching Evaluations ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The Subject

Academic women in economics have different experiences and outcomes than men and women in other social science fields do, including bias within their performance evaluation instruments, student teaching evaluations (STEs). Despite research citing biases in STEs, no study summarized the magnitude of these biases. A systematic review and meta-analysis addresses this by combining data from all prior research on the subject. Our meta-analysis examines gender bias in STEs, finding significant gender differences in economics favoring men but no evidence for gender differences in the remaining social sciences. Implications are discussed, and recommendations are made.

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