Delivery factors and neonatal thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Sima Nazarpour
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Abstract Postnatal thyroid hormone changes enable the neonate to be adapted for postnatal life. Several factors can affect this adaption. In this review, we summarized the studies that reported the association among the delivery factors and neonatal thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to March 2020, to identify the studies investigating the relationship between delivery factors, especially the mode of delivery and labor pain, and neonatal thyroid hormones and TSH. Finally, in this review study, of 157 articles obtained in the initial search, 25 eligible studies were reviewed. Various maternal, fetal/neonatal, and obstetric factors affected neonatal TSH and thyroid hormones. Among various influencing factors, mode of delivery, labor pains, and duration of labor have a strong relationship with neonatal thyroid hormones and need to be considered for interpretation of neonatal thyroid status. The majority of the studies revealed that vaginal deliveries (instrumental or natural) lead to higher levels of cord TSH compared to elective cesarean section. This can be explained by the increased secretion of catecholamine during labor. It has been suggested that blood TSH and thyroid hormone levels are affected by perinatal stress events such as maternal anxiety, labor pains, fetal distress, and other stimulants of the catecholamine response. These changes may act as the trigger to increase thyroid hormone levels for adapting of neonates in the first hours after birth. This assumption needs to be re-evaluated by performing comprehensive and well-designed studies.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormones in Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornpimol Kongtip ◽  
Noppanun Nankongnab ◽  
Nichcha Kallayanatham ◽  
Ritthirong Pundee ◽  
Nattagorn Choochouy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Pesticides can act as endocrine disruptors by different mechanisms including inhibition of iodine absorption, increases in thyroid hormone clearance, decreased cellular uptake of thyroid hormones, or changes in expression of thyroid hormone regulated genes. This study examined how exposure to pesticides impacts thyroid hormone levels, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (FT3), and free T4 (FT4) by comparing conventional (n = 195) and organic farmers (n = 222), and by evaluating which types of pesticides might be associated with changes in thyroid hormone levels. Questionnaires were used to collect information about farmer characteristics, self-reported stress, agricultural activities, and history of pesticide use. Conventional farmers were asked to report the type and quantity of pesticides used each day. The TSH, FT3, T3, and T4 levels of conventional farmers were 1.6, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.1 times higher than those of organic farmers, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. Several specific herbicides had a significant relationship between the amount applied and an increase in thyroid hormone levels, after covariate adjustment. They included: paraquat (TSH, FT3 and T3); acetochlor (FT4); atrazine (TSH, FT3 and T3); glyphosate (T4); diuron (TSH) and the “other” herbicides including alachlor, propanil, and butachlor (FT4 and T3). The most commonly used herbicide among conventional farmers was glyphosate, followed by paraquat, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). These findings suggest that exposure to pesticides could impact the development of metabolic diseases and other health outcomes by altering the endocrine system (the thyroid hormone levels) through the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis. This work is a part of a longitudinal study which will evaluate the sub-chronic effects of repeated exposure to different types of pesticides on thyroid hormone levels.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6521
Author(s):  
Mirjana Babić Babić Leko ◽  
Ivana Gunjača ◽  
Nikolina Pleić ◽  
Tatijana Zemunik
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tsh Levels

Thyroid hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of physiological systems. Therefore, knowledge of any factor (whether genetic, environmental or intrinsic) that alters the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones is crucial. Genetic factors contribute up to 65% of interindividual variations in TSH and thyroid hormone levels, but many environmental factors can also affect thyroid function. This review discusses studies that have analyzed the impact of environmental factors on TSH and thyroid hormone levels in healthy adults. We included lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and exercise) and pollutants (chemicals and heavy metals). Many inconsistencies in the results have been observed between studies, making it difficult to draw a general conclusion about how a particular environmental factor influences TSH and thyroid hormone levels. However, lifestyle factors that showed the clearest association with TSH and thyroid hormones were smoking, body mass index (BMI) and iodine (micronutrient taken from the diet). Smoking mainly led to a decrease in TSH levels and an increase in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels, while BMI levels were positively correlated with TSH and free T3 levels. Excess iodine led to an increase in TSH levels and a decrease in thyroid hormone levels. Among the pollutants analyzed, most studies observed a decrease in thyroid hormone levels after exposure to perchlorate. Future studies should continue to analyze the impact of environmental factors on thyroid function as they could contribute to understanding the complex background of gene–environment interactions underlying the pathology of thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Levels in Apparently Euthyroid Subjects with Essential Hypertension in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Mathias Emokpae ◽  
Aliyu Abdu ◽  
Humphrey Benedo Osadolor
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

ABSTRACT Background: High blood pressure (BP) is a major health problem in Nigeria and the involvement of thyroid hormones in this condition has not been evaluated in this center. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of patients with an essential hypertension who had abnormal thyroid hormone levels and the type of thyroid disorders commonly observed in this group of patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 94 patients (30 males, aged 30.4 ± 2 years and 64 females, aged 43.4 ± 1.3 years) with essential hypertension was carried out between January 2005 and December 2007. Demographic and other medical information were obtained from the health records. Analysis of laboratory results of triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were made. Results: Of the 94 patients evaluated, 26 (27.7%) had abnormal thyroid hormone levels, with 23.4% having hyperthyroidism, 4.3% had sub-clinical hypothyroidism and none had overt hypothyroidism. Of the 26 subjects with abnormal thyroid hormone levels, 18 (69.2%) were females while 8 (30.8%) were males. Out of the 18 female subjects with abnormal thyroid hormone levels, 16 had hyperthyroid levels while 2 had sub-clinical hypothyroid levels. Out of the 8 male patients, 6 had hyperthyroid hormone levels while 2 had sub-clinical hypothyroid levels. Conclusion: Thyroid hormone abnormalities are common in patients with essential hypertension. Hyperthyroidism was the most common thyroid disorder observed. Young patients presenting with essential hypertension should be screened for thyroid hormone abnormalities since they can best be managed by treating the underlying causes.

Hypothyroidism does not affect the dihydropyridine sensitivity of precontracted murine uterus

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg W Wegener ◽  
Matthias Lee ◽  
Franz Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Uterine Muscle ◽  
Channel Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Pregnant State

Thyroid hormones are known to influence various processes of cell differentiation. Recently, it was reported that hypothyroidism reduces the sensitivity to Ca2+-channel antagonists in the rat uterus. We examined the sensitivity to dihydropyridines of the uterus from mice that had reduced thyroid hormone levels. Isradipine relaxed with the same potency precontracted uterine muscle strips from control and hypothyroid mice, independently from a pseudo-pregnant state. These results demonstrate that hypothyroidism does not change dihydropyridine sensitivity (i.e., the pattern of Ca2+-channel expression) in the murine uterus.Key words: uterus, smooth muscle, Ca2+ channel, isradipine.

scholarly journals Specific Reference Intervals of Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Normal Pregnant Indian Women as per Trimester

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Nandita Hazra ◽  
Binay Mitra ◽  
Reetika Pal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Aim Maternal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy are vital for the health of the mother as well as the developing child. Fetal growth is affected by maternal thyroid levels. Various physiological changes like alterations of thyroxine-binding globulins, human chorionic gonadotropin level, and changes in iodide metabolism affect maternal thyroid hormone levels. Therefore, reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid hormones in pregnant population require to be established separately from the general population. Materials and methods The RIs of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined in healthy pregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique after segregating them into three trimesters. This study was conducted in a 492-bedded zonal-level hospital. The reference population was chosen from a study population of pregnant women by strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The assays were done by the most-commonly used, economical ELISA method employing standard kits. Tests were done using accurate and precise methods with proper quality control measures. Results The RIs were calculated from the central 95% of distribution of total T3, total T4, and TSH values located between 2.5 and 97.5 percentile values. The 0.90 confidence intervals for the upper and lower reference limits were calculated. The values thus obtained were different from those provided by the manufacturer kit literature. Conclusion It is recommended to determine one's own laboratory-specific, method-specific, trimester-wise RIs for maternal thyroid hormone status and use them for screening of pregnant women. How to cite this article Chakrabarty BK, Mitra B, Pal R, Hazra N. Specific Reference Intervals of Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Normal Pregnant Indian Women as per Trimester. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):17-21.

scholarly journals SAT-LB80 Elevated Pre-Op Thyrotropin Levels Are Associated With Increased 30-Day Mortality in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariq Rashid Masoodi ◽  
Rameesa Batul ◽  
Khurram Maqbool ◽  
Amir Zahoor ◽  
Mona Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormones

Abstract BACKGROUND: The association between thyroid dysfunction and postoperative mortality is contentious. Thyroid function is frequently depressed during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgical procedures, and this may adversely affect myocardial performance and postop outcome.OBJECTIVES: To study i) the changes and clinical significance of serum thyroid hormones during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and ii) the association between biochemically assessed peri-op thyroid function and 30-day mortality after CBPSTUDY DESIGN: Prospective Cohort StudySUBJECTS: 279 patients undergoing various cardiac surgeries under cardiopulmonary bypass.METHODS: All consenting patients undergoing open heart surgery in last five years at a tertiary care centre in North-India were studied. The thyroid hormone levels (Total T3, T4 and TSH) were measured before admission, and postoperatively on Day 1 & 7, and 3 months following surgery. The patients’ gender, age, weight, body mass index, heart disease details, previous cardiac surgeries, and cardiac surgery-related data such as pump time, aortic clamping time, hypothermia duration, postoperative hemodynamic status and postoperative use of inotropic drugs were recorded and analysed. Patients were classified as having biochemically overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, normal thyroid function, or non-classifiable state based on preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone and total T4 values. Outcome data were collected from hospital records. Biochemical thyroid dysfunction was not systematically treated. Outcomes measured were length of ICU stay, postoperative complications and 30-day mortality.RESULTS: There was significant changes in thyroid function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (Fig 1). All patients showed a decrease in T3, T4 and TSH after surgery. Post-op complications were observed in 137 patients (49%) most common being atrial fibrillation (34%) followed by acute kidney injury (23%), infections (18%), dyselectrolytemia (7%), bleeding (1.4%) and ARDS (1.4%). Of 263 patients followed, eventually 26 patients expired with a mortality rate of 8.89% (95% CI, 0.4 - 19.4). Perioperatively, there was a significant correlation between 30-day with type of surgery (r, 0.26), aortic clamp time (r, 0.45), CBP time (r, 0.48), number of inotropes used (r, 0.57), hours of mechanical ventilation (r, 0.4), ICU stay (r, 0.13) and post-op complications (r, 0.24), as well as with the reduction in the thyroid hormone levels; 17 (7%), 3 (20%) and 6 (46%) patients of those with pre-op TSH level of <6.5, >6.5 and >10.5 mIU/L expired (p <0.001).CONCLUSION: Pre-op thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CBP. Excess mortality with elevated serum TSH levels suggests the importance of timely detection and intervention in individuals with thyroid dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery.Table of Contents oTable 1. Characteristics of patients who expired versus those who survived cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) oFig 1. Changes in serum thyroid hormones during CPB surgery oTable 1. Characteristics of patients who expired versus those who survived cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) oFigures in parenthesis indicate ±Standard Deviation, unless indicated otherwise oFig 1. Changes in serum thyroid hormones during CPB surgery

Developmentally regulated thyroid hormone distributor proteins in marsupials, a reptile, and fish

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. R1264-R1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Richardson ◽  
Julie A. Monk ◽  
Caroline A. Shepherdley ◽  
Lars O. E. Ebbesson ◽  
Frank Sin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Lipid Environment

Thyroid hormones are essential for vertebrate development. There is a characteristic rise in thyroid hormone levels in blood during critical periods of thyroid hormone-regulated development. Thyroid hormones are lipophilic compounds, which readily partition from an aqueous environment into a lipid environment. Thyroid hormone distributor proteins are required to ensure adequate distribution of thyroid hormones, throughout the aqueous environment of the blood, and to counteract the avid partitioning of thyroid hormones into the lipid environment of cell membranes. In human blood, these proteins are albumin, transthyretin and thyroxine-binding globulin. We analyzed the developmental profile of thyroid hormone distributor proteins in serum from a representative of each order of marsupials ( M. eugenii; S.crassicaudata), a reptile ( C. porosus), in two species of salmonoid fishes ( S. salar; O. tshawytsch), and throughout a calendar year for sea bream ( S. aurata). We demonstrated that during development, these animals have a thyroid hormone distributor protein present in their blood which is not present in the adult blood. At least in mammals, this additional protein has higher affinity for thyroid hormones than the thyroid hormone distributor proteins in the blood of the adult. In fish, reptile and polyprotodont marsupial, this protein was transthyretin. In a diprotodont marsupial, it was thyroxine-binding globulin. We propose an hypothesis that an augmented thyroid hormone distributor protein network contributes to the rise in total thyroid hormone levels in the blood during development.

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