The Effect of Anionic, Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants on the Uncatalyzed Bromate Oscillator

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol’ga Grančičová ◽  
Anna Olexová ◽  
Tomáš Zacher
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Aromatic Substrate ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Micelle Surface

The response of an uncatalyzed bromate oscillator with phenol as substrate to the increasing concentrations of cationic (CTAN), anionic (SDS) and nonionic surfactants (Brij-30 and Triton X-100) was monitored at (25±0.1) °C under stirred batch conditions. Addition of the surfactants influenced the oscillatory parameters: a slight increase of the induction period of the first series of oscillations, a significant increase of the induction period of the second series of oscillations and a gradual decrease of the oscillation numbers of both series until complete disappearance at a certain surfactant concentration. The changes in the oscillatory parameters have been ascribed to solubilization of phenol and of bromination products in the micelles, to inhibition of bromination of the aromatic substrate due to bromine solubilization, and to the catalytic effect of the charged micelle surface.

Surfactant-Enhanced Washing of Aged PAH Contaminated Soils: Comparison between Nonionic Surfactant and Anionic Surfactant

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Lian Li ◽  
Rong Hui Qu ◽  
Xue Mei Han ◽  
Jia Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Triton X

Nonionic surfactants Triton X-100 (TX100), Triton X-305 and anionic surfactant SDS were used to desorb PAHs from contaminated soil. The surfactant loss due to sorption/ precipitation and PAH removal efficiency by each surfactant were evaluated. Due to sorption/precipitation, the apparent critical micelle concentration (CMCsoil) values for the 3 surfactants are 1.3-3.8 times their corresponding CMC values in aqueous solutions. The maximal surfactant loss follows the order of SDS>>TX100>TX305. The anionic surfactant SDS is quite different from nonionic surfactants TX100 and TX305 in PAH removal. SDS can effectively remove 3-ring PAHs at very low concentration, but is not so efficient for 5 or 6-ring PAHs. While for nonionic surfactants TX100 and TX305, the removal efficiencies of PAHs increased with increasing surfactant concentration. Nonionic surfactants at low concentration cannot facilitate PAH desorption, but enhance the retardation of PAHs in soil. While anionic surfactant SDS enhanced PAH desorption at all the concentrations.

Textile Wastewater Reuse: Ozonation of Membrane Concentrated Secondary Effluent

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lopez ◽  
G. Ricco ◽  
R. Ciannarella ◽  
A. Rozzi ◽  
A. C. Di Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Complete Disappearance

Among the activities appointed by the EC research-project “Integrated water recycling and emission abatement in the textile industry” (Contract: ENV4-CT95-0064), the effectiveness of ozone for improving the biotreatability of recalcitrant effluents as well as for removing from them toxic and/or inhibitory pollutants has been evaluated at lab-scale. Real membrane concentrates (pH=7.9; TOC=190 ppm; CDO=595 ppm; BOD5=0 ppm; Conductivity=5,000 μS/cm; Microtox-EC20=34%) produced at Bulgarograsso (Italy) Wastewater Treatment Plant by nanofiltering biologically treated secondary textile effluents, have been treated with ozonated air (O3conc.=12 ppm) over 120 min. The results have indicated that during ozonation, BOD5 increases from 0 to 75 ppm, whereas COD and TOC both decrease by about 50% and 30 % respectively. As for potentially toxic and/or inhibitory pollutants such as dyes, nonionic surfactants and halogenated organics, all measured as sum parameters, removals higher than 90% were achieved as confirmed by the complete disappearance of acute toxicity in the treated streams. The only ozonation byproducts searched for and found were aldehydes whose total amount continuously increased in the first hour from 1.2 up to 11.8 ppm. Among them, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde were identified by HPLC.

Effect of surfactants on capacitance properties of carbon electrodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Fic ◽  
Grzegorz Lota ◽  
Elzbieta Frackowiak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Current Load ◽  
Target Concentration ◽  
Electrolyte Additives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Triton X

ABSTRACTEffect of surfactants present in alkaline solutions on the capacitance of carbon electrodes has been studied. Different types of surfactants have been selected for this target. Concentration of these electrolyte additives was 0.005 mol L-1. Decreasing the surface tension in the electrode/electrolyte interface allows better penetration of electrolyte into the pores. Detailed analysis of capacitance versus current load, frequency dependence as well as self-discharge, cyclability and behaviour in wider voltage window proved a useful effect of Triton X-100 on capacitor operating in alkaline solution. Influence of surfactant concentration has also been investigated.

Binding of the triton X series of nonionic surfactants to bovine serum albumin

Biochemistry ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne W. Sukow ◽  
Howard E. Sandberg ◽  
Edwin A. Lewis ◽  
Delbert J. Eatough ◽  
Lee D. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Triton X

scholarly journals Kinetic Analysis ofArabidopsisPhospholipase Dδ

2002 ◽  
Vol 277 (51) ◽  
pp. 49685-49690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunbo Qin ◽  
Cunxi Wang ◽  
Xuemin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Maximal Activation ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Micelle Surface

Phospholipase D (PLD) is a major plant phospholipase family involved in many cellular processes such as signal transduction, membrane remodeling, and lipid degradation. Five classes of PLDs have been identified inArabidopsis thaliana, and Ca2+and polyphosphoinositides have been suggested as key regulators for these enzymes. To investigate the catalysis and regulation mechanism of individual PLDs, surface-dilution kinetics studies were carried out on the newly identified PLDδ fromArabidopsis. PLDδ activity was dependent on both bulk concentration and surface concentration of substrate phospholipids in the Triton X-100/phospholipid mixed micelles.Vmax,KsA, andKmBvalues for PLDδ toward phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine were determined; phosphatidylethanolamine was the preferred substrate. PLDδ activity was stimulated greatly by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Maximal activation was observed at a PIP2molar ratio around 0.01. Kinetic analysis indicates that PIP2activates PLD by promoting substrate binding to the enzyme, without altering the bulk binding of the enzyme to the micelle surface. Ca2+is required for PLDδ activity, and it significantly decreased the interfacial Michaelis constantKmB. This indicates that Ca2+activates PLD by promoting the binding of phospholipid substrate to the catalytic site of the enzyme.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Sodium Hexadecyl Sulfate and Triton X from Binary Aqueous Solutions at Thermally Graphitized Carbon Black

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Olga Kochkodan ◽  
Victor Maksin ◽  
Tetyana Semenenko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Adsorption Layer ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Graphitized Carbon Black ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Individual Solution ◽  
Triton X

Adsorption of anionic sodium hexadecyl sulfate (SHS) and nonionic Triton X surfactants with different ethoxylation degree: TX-45, TX-100 and TX-300 from their individual and mixed aqueous solutions at the surface of thermally graphitized carbon black (CB) was studied. It was found that at low solution concentrations addition of the nonionic surfactant increases the amount of SHS adsorbed from SHS/Triton X mixtures compared to SHS amount adsorbed from its individual solution. These findings might be explained by decreasing in electrostatic repulsion between SHS ions due to inclusion of the molecules of the nonionic surfactant in the mixed adsorption layer. At higher solution concentrations, adsorption of SHS decrease as a result of displacement of SHS ions from the mixed adsorption layer by Triton X molecules. It was established that the composition of the mixed adsorption layer at CB surface notably differ from the composition of the surfactant mixture in the bulk solution. The mixed adsorption layer is enriched with the molecules of the nonionic surfactants and this conclusion is confirmed by the results of measuring zeta potential of CB particles with the adsorbed surfactants.

scholarly journals Compositional studies of myofibrils from rabbit striated muscle.

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Etlinger ◽  
R Zak ◽  
D A Fischman
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Thick Filament ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Relaxing Solution ◽  
Triton X

The localization of high-molecular-weight (80,000-200,000-daltons) proteins in the sarcomere of striated muscle has been studied by coordinated electron-microscopic and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoretic analysis of native myofilaments and extracted and digested myofibrils. Methods were developed for the isolation of thick and thin filaments and of uncontracted myofibrils which are devoid of endoproteases and membrane fragments. Treatment of crude myofibrils with 0.5% Triton X-100 results in the release of a 110,000-dalton component without affecting the myofibrillar structure. Extraction of uncontracted myofibrils with a relaxing solution of high ionic strength results in the complete disappearance of the A band and M line. In this extract, five other protein bands in addition to myosin are resolved on SDS gels: bands M 1 (190,000 daltons) and M 2 (170,000 daltons), which are suggested to be components of the M line; M 3 (150,000 daltons), a degradation product; and a doublet M 4, M 5 (140,000 daltons), thick-filament protein having the same mobility as C protein. Extraction of myofibrils with 0.15% deoxycholate, previously shown to remove Z-line density, releases a doublet Z 1, Z 2 (90,000 daltons) with the same mobility as alpha-actinin, as well as proteins of 60,000 daltons and less, and small amounts of M 1, M 2, M 4, and M 5; these proteins were not extracted with 0.5% Triton X-100. The C, M-line, and Z-line proteins and/or their binding to myofibrils are very sensitive to tryptic digestion, whereas the M 3 (150,000 daltons) component and an additional band at 110,000 daltons are products of proteolysis. Gentle treatment of myofibrils with an ATP relaxing solution results in the release of thick and thin myofilaments which can be pelleted by 100,000-g centrifugation. These myofilaments lack M-and Z-line structure when examined with the electron microscope, and their electrophoretograms are devoid of the M 1, M 2, Z 1, and Z 2 bands. The M 4, M 5 (C-protein doublet), and M 3 bands, however, remain associated with the filaments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document