Ecological Validity and Reliability of an Age-Adapted Endurance Field Test in Young Male Soccer Players

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a popular field test for aerobic fitness used in soccer (45-15) in Italy. Alternating progressive 45-s runs with 15 s passive recovery until exhaustion, the test considers peak speed (PS) as a reflection of maximal aerobic speed (MAS). The validity and reliability of the 45-15 was assessed in 18 young male soccer players (age 16.7 ± 1.8 y, body mass 70 ± 7.45 kg, height 177 ± 0.5 cm, 55.62 ± 5.56 mL · kg−1 · min−1) submitted to laboratory testing for aerobic fitness and repeatedly to the 45-15. Results showed that 45-15 PS was significantly related to VO2max (r = .80, P < .001, 95%CI .47–.93) and MAS (r = .78, P = .001, 95%CI .43–.93). No significant bias between MAS 45-15 PS (P = .11) was found during the measurement-consistency study. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that 45-15 PS was sensitive in detecting VO2max changes in subjects as revealed by area under the curve (.97; 95%CI .73–1). Players with peak 45-15 speed equal to or above 16.5 km/h (ie, ROC cutoff) may be considered to have good aerobic fitness. In light of this study’s findings, the 45-15 test may be considered a reliable and valid test to evaluate meaningful information to direct generic aerobic training in soccer.

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System for notational analysis in small-sided soccer games

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1177/1747954117694922 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 194-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mariëtte JJ van Maarseveen ◽

Raôul RD Oudejans ◽

Geert JP Savelsbergh

Keyword(s):

Ecological Validity ◽

A Priori ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Notation System ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Notational Analysis ◽

Role Players ◽

Analysis System ◽

Further Development

The objective of this study was to compose an objective and detailed notational analysis system for 3 vs. 2 + GK small-sided soccer games, in which three roles are examined: attacker with ball, attacker without ball and defender. The actions and the outcome of the actions were registered for each player and in each role. Players earn points for each action and outcome according to an a priori determined scheme. Performance scores for each role are calculated as the average number of points a participant earns per trial. This notation system was tested on 19 highly talented female soccer players and validity and reliability of the system were determined. In addition, practical applications were discussed and the most important items of the notation system were determined and using only these items, a simplified notation system was proposed. The notation system has high ecological validity and can discriminate the high and low categorized players, but further development is necessary to increase the reliability of the system.

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Validity and reliability of a new field test (Carminatti's test) for soccer players compared with laboratory-based measures

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2011.609179 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (15) ◽

pp. 1621-1628 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Juliano F. Da Silva ◽

Luiz G.A. Guglielmo ◽

Lorival J. Carminatti ◽

Fernando R. De Oliveira ◽

Naiandra Dittrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Test ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Validity And Reliability

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COMPARISON OF LATERAL ABDOMINAL MUSCLE THICKNESS IN YOUNG MALE SOCCER PLAYERS WITH AND WITHOUT LOW BACK PAIN

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy ◽

10.26603/ijspt20190273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 273-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pardis Noormohammadpour ◽

Shadi Mirzaei ◽

Navid Moghadam ◽

Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽

Ramin Kordi

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Young Male ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Abdominal Muscle ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Low Back

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Validity and reliability of a 6-a-side small-sided game as an indicator of match-related physical performance in elite youth Brazilian soccer players

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2019.1608895 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (23) ◽

pp. 2639-2644 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo Aquino ◽

Bruno Melli-Neto ◽

João Victor S. Ferrari ◽

Bruno L. S. Bedo ◽

Luiz H. Palucci Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Validity And Reliability

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Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96392-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Irene La Fratta ◽

Sara Franceschelli ◽

Lorenza Speranza ◽

Antonia Patruno ◽

Carlo Michetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Young Male ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Soccer Match ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Cognitive Anxiety ◽

Psychophysiological Stress ◽

Different Levels

AbstractIt is well known that soccer sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety and that these are linked to Cortisol (C) variations. To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how Oxytocin (OT) can affect anxiety in response to a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate, in 56 young male soccer players, the psychophysiological stress response 96 and 24 h before one soccer match of a tournament, in order to establish whether athletes who won or lost, show different levels of C and OT or expressions of competitive state anxiety subcomponents. We found that winners had significantly lower Cognitive anxiety and higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Also, significant differences between winners and losers in C and OT concentrations were observed, with higher OT levels in who has won and higher C levels in who has lost. Our results showed interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety feelings, and the outcome of competition.

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Exercise intensity during official soccer matches

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p621 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Barbosa Coelho ◽

Rodney Coelho da Paixão ◽

Emerson Cruz de Oliveira ◽

Lenice Kappes Becker ◽

João Batista Ferreira-Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Field Test ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Intermediate Phase ◽

Age Groups ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽

Intensity Of Exercise ◽

In The Beginning

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p621 The aims of the study were: 1) to analyze the exercise intensity in several phases (six phases of 15 min) of soccer matches; 2) to compare the match time spent above anaerobic threshold (AT) between different age groups (U-17 and U-20); and 3) to compare the match time spent above AT between players’ positions (backs, midfielders, forwards and wingabcks). Forty-four male soccer players were analyzed. To express players’ effort, the heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored in 29 official matches. Further, HR corresponding to the intensity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) was obtained in a field test. The highest exercise intensity during match was observed in the 15-30 min period of the first half (p< 0.05). Match time spent above AT was not different between players from U-17 and U-20. In the comparison among players’ positions, wingbacks showed lower time above AT (p< 0.05) than players of other positions. The intensity of effort is higher in the 15 to 30 minutes of play (intermediate phase), probably because the players are more rested in the beginning and wearing out is progressive throughout the game. It is also noteworthy that the intensity of exercise (HR and time above AT) of wingbacks was lower, probably because they usually are required to run a larger number of sprints and need more time below the AT to recover.

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