Chapter 9 | Automotive Diesel Fuel, Burner Fuel, Nonaviation Gas Turbine Fuel, and Kerosene

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-270
Author(s):  
Steven R. Westbrook
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Burner

Combustion process apportionment of carbonaceous particulate emission from a diesel fuel burner

2016 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laarnie Mueller ◽  
Juergen Schnelle-Kreis ◽  
Gert Jakobi ◽  
Juergen Orasche ◽  
Lianpeng Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Fuel Burner

Managing Fuel Oil Nozzle Coking to Improve Gas Turbine Availability

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo R. Burgett ◽  
Tim Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Power Company ◽  
Ac Motor ◽  
Air System ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Fuel Burner

Fuel oil nozzle coking has been a continuing problem for operators of gas turbine power plants. Over the years, several “solutions” to eliminate the coking of the fuel oil have been implemented to improve plant reliability and availability. When the fuel oil nozzle is “coked”, the startup and operation of the gas turbine are impaired and an unscheduled outage is needed to clean the fuel oil nozzle. In 1997, a project was initiated to investigate the coking problem as it affects the operation of the dual fuel burner of the ABB ALSTOM POWER Inc. GT11N1 single burner (SBK) gas turbine. The GT11N1 SBK fuel oil nozzle (see FIGURE 1) was failing to operate properly because of “coked” fuel oil residue on its internal components (stationary and moveable). ABB ALSTOM POWER Inc. teamed with Savannah Electric & Power Company and collected data that indicated adequate nozzle cooling air could reduce the rate of fuel oil coking. A nozzle cooling air system modification was installed on one of the ABB ALSTOM POWER Inc. 11N1 gas turbines at the Savannah Electric & Power Company McIntosh Power Plant. The modification included an AC motor driven air blower to provide cooling air to the fuel oil nozzle after shutdown of the gas turbine. Inspection of the components inside the fuel oil nozzle showed that very little fuel oil oxidation had occurred inside the nozzle during the three-month test period. By improving the fuel oil nozzle cooling air system, the coking problem can be better managed.

Recognition and Prevention of Distillate Fuel Emulsions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Newbound ◽  
A. N. Al-Nasser ◽  
M. P. Sang ◽  
W. J. Carrigan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Concentrations

This paper describes a case study involving chronic plugging of 5μm particulate filters in a gas turbine diesel fuel system in a Red Sea refinery. Rapid plugging of the filters was caused by water-in-diesel emulsions generated in diesel fuel supply tanks. Sludge with a wax-like appearance recovered from the 5 μm filters was, in fact, found to be composed of up to 50 percent water with no significant wax content. X-ray studies of the filter catch solids revealed a variety of iron oxide phases, sodium chloride, and high concentrations of sodium sulfate. Microbial cultures inoculated from storage tank ‘rag’ layers yielded moderate to high counts of general aerobic bacteria (GAB), moderate fungal cultures (yeast and molds) and low sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Elemental analysis of water in supply tanks where microbial activity was highest revealed ion concentrations similar to those found in Red Sea water. Sulfur isotope ratios in sulfate from filter catches suggest that much of the sulfate was derived from microbial metathesis of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbons. Frequent contamination of on-shore liquid hydrocarbon fuel tanks with sea water can cause corrosion and create a favorable environment for bacterial growth. Surfactant byproducts of microbial activity are capable of stabilizing emulsions, suspending water soluble salts such as sodium sulfate, and metals such as lead and copper. Copper is well known to promote gum formation, while all of these contaminants are potentially corrosive to gas turbine hot gas path components.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Testing on Naval Distillate Fuel

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Siemietkowski
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Distillate Fuel

A Pratt & Whitney FT4A Marine Gas Turbine Engine rated at 22,600 hp, 3600 rpm was run at the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Philadelphia Division for 1000 hr. Fuel used was naval distillate having a vanadium level of 0.5 ppm. Basically there was no problem with engine operation on naval distillate when compared to diesel fuel. The smoke level was barely visible at high powers. Coalescent fuel filters are a problem due to their relatively short (100–130 hr) life. The corrosion rate was accelerated when compared to navy diesel fuel. The fuel parameter suspect is vanadium, however other parameters may be at fault. Additional efforts are required into definitely determining the cause of accelerated corrosion and also into optimizing nozzle guide vane and turbine blade base materials and coatings.

Temperatures in a Gas Turbine Vaporizer at Near Idle Engine Conditions

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Vaskopulos ◽  
Constantine E. Polymeropoulos ◽  
Valentinas Sernas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Local Overheating ◽  
Experimental Correlation ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Mean

The work is a laboratory investigation of the effect of different liquids and liquid flow rates on the metal temperature of a gas turbine T vaporizer. Most of the experimentation was carried out using JP5. A limited number of runs using Diesel Fuel Marine and calibration runs using water provided additional data for different fluids. Conditions that approach local liquid depletion inside the vaporizer were identified by monitoring local overheating of the vaporizer metal. Because of apparatus limitations, testing was carried out only at vaporizer pressure and liquid flow rates approaching idle engine operation. An experimental correlation was developed allowing estimation of the mean vaporizer temperature as a function of input conditions and fluid properties.

scholarly journals What should be a gas-engine locomotive

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kossov ◽  
Ivan Andronchev ◽  
Vitaliy Asabin ◽  
Anatoly Silyuta ◽  
Lidia Kossova
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Design And Construction

Today, no one doubts the necessity of widespread applying of gas fuel both in industry and in transport. The price, environmental safety and availability of this type of fuel play a crucial role. Russian Railways has also taken a number of decisions to develop the design and construction of gas-fueled locomotives. The work is being carried out in two directions: locomotives will be created that run on gas fuel using gas turbine and gas piston engines with full replacement of diesel fuel, as well as gas locomotives with diesel engines that run on a gas-diesel cycle. The latter are attractive because the gas-diesel engine has higher technical and economic characteristics and can be easily transformed into a locomotive running on diesel fuel, which can be of strategic importance.

Start Fuel Schedule Enhancements for the ETF40B Gas Turbine Engine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Simonetti ◽  
Joseph H. McMurry
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Acceptance Test ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Engine Start

Gross starting characteristics of the Vericor Power Systems ETF40B gas turbine engine utilizing diesel fuel for the Republic of Korea Navy LSF-II application indicate inconsistent starting performance, especially in cold ambient temperatures. There is also evidence that cold starting inconsistencies exist on the US Navy LCAC installation of the ETF40B engine. The inconsistencies include late light-offs, failed starts, excessive exhaust smoke, detonative ignition and excessive commanded fuel flow by the full authority digital engine control (FADEC). The starting anomalies experienced on US Navy LCAC have ultimately resulted in the addition of starting requirements to the production engine acceptance test procedure. A detailed review of historical information regarding the TF40B fuel system characteristics resulted in the basis for establishing revised LFMV calibration values and revised FADEC engine start fuel scheduling. Additionally, this review indicated the need for fuel system flow/pressure measurements in order to establish current characteristics and to help refine component requirements and changes (as appropriate). These measurements are required over the entire engine starting and operating range. Cold ambient temperature start testing was performed to establish the engine start characteristics on JP5/JET A fuels with the existing and revised LFMV calibrations. A revised start schedule was developed that provided a reliable, stable starting characteristic (reliable first attempt starting, reducing smoking on starts, eliminating detonative ignition, minimizing large variations in commanded fuel flow during starting). The fuel system pressures and flows were fully characterized in the start and operating regime and start testing validation was performed on Diesel Fuel.

scholarly journals Salt Ingestion Test of the AGT 1500 Recuperated Automotive Gas Turbine

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Bodman ◽  
Thomas P. Priore
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Naval Ship ◽  
The U.S

A salt ingestion test was performed on the AGT 1500 recuperated automotive gas turbine engine at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES) for the U.S. Marine Corps. The Marine Corps was concerned about the AGT 1500’s ability to tolerate their amphibious and maritime environments. The AGT 1500 was operated for two 450 hour endurance runs burning Navy diesel fuel and ingesting aerosol salt. It suffered no failures or significant loss of power as a result of the ingested salt or operations with Navy diesel fuel.

Temperatures in a Gas Turbine Vaporizer at Near Idle Engine Conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
T. Vaskopulos ◽  
C. E. Polymeropoulos ◽  
V. Sernas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Local Overheating ◽  
Experimental Correlation ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Mean

The work is a laboratory investigation of the effect of different liquids and liquid flow rates on the metal temperature of a gas turbine T vaporizer. Most of the experimentation was carried out using JP5. A limited number of runs using Diesel Fuel Marine and calibration runs using water provided additional data for different fluids. Conditions that approach local liquid depletion inside the vaporizer were identified by monitoring local overheating of the vaporizer metal. Because of apparatus limitations, testing was carried out only at vaporizer pressure and liquid flow rates approaching idle engine operation. An experimental correlation was developed allowing estimation of the mean vaporizer temperature as a function of input conditions and fluid properties.

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