scholarly journals The Experience of Music in Congenital Amusia

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Omigie ◽  
Daniel Müllensiefen ◽  
Lauren Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
Experience Sampling Methodology ◽  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Listening Behavior ◽  
Attitudes Toward Music ◽  
Controls Cluster

individuals with congenital amusia have difficulty recognizing and discriminating melodies. While much research has focused on the perceptual deficits of congenital amusics, the extent to which these deficits have an impact on the ability to engage with and appreciate music remains unexplored. The current study used experience sampling methodology to identify distinct patterns of music-related behavior in individuals with amusia and matched controls. Cluster analysis was used to group individuals according to the similarity of their behavior, regardless of their status as amusic or control. This yielded a two-cluster solution: one cluster comprising 59% of the amusic sample and 6% of controls and the other comprising 41% of the amusic sample and 94% of controls. Comparisons of the two clusters in terms of specific aspects of music listening behavior revealed differences in levels of music engagement and appreciation. Further comparisons provided support for the existence of amusic subgroups showing distinct attitudes toward music. The findings are discussed in relation to social, contextual, and demographic factors.

“Money Worlds” and Wellbeing

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-101
Author(s):  
Leisa Reinecke Flynn ◽  
Ronald Earl Goldsmith ◽  
Michael Brusco
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Price Sensitivity ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Status Consumption ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

Tatzel proposed a theory of money worlds and wellbeing comprised of four prototypical consumer patterns based on whether consumers are high/low on materialism and simultaneously tight or loose with money. Tatzel proposes that the four prototypes (value-seekers, non-spenders, big-spenders, and experiencers) differ strikingly along many values, attitudes, and behaviors. This study uses data from 1,016 U.S. student consumers to test empirically the typology and differences. A cluster analysis confirmed that a four-cluster solution best represented the data, supporting Tatzel's model. Subsequent ANOVAs showed that two of the four groups differed predictably in the hypothesized directions. Significant differences between big-spenders and non-spenders appeared in levels of price sensitivity, status consumption, generosity, brand engagement, worry about debt, and spending. The other two groups, value-seekers and experiencers, fell between them. The findings partially confirm Tatzel's theory and suggest that “money worlds” are one way of conceptualizing consumer culture.

The Content of Self- and Other-Concepts: A Network Perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-378
Author(s):  
Nigel P. Field ◽  
Daniel Hart ◽  
Mardi J. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
Experience Sampling Methodology ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Feature Centrality ◽  
Person Concept

The predictive value of the network perspective on the content of person-concepts was investigated in two studies. A number of predictions were tested based on the positive relationship between person-concept feature centrality and accessibility derived from the network model. Consistent with a network account of person-concept feature centrality, it was expected that features spontaneously generated by subjects when asked to describe a particular person would be shown to be more accessible on independent indices of accessibility within the context of the same person relative to features that were freely generated for a different person target and nomothetic features. Study 1 attempted to demonstrate that yes-no person-referent descriptiveness judgments involving spontaneously generated features would be made more quickly relative to the other two categories of features. Utilizing an experience-sampling methodology, Study 2 attempted to show that spontaneously offered features would be applied more often to the person for which they were generated when thinking about him or her in ongoing thought. The findings in both studies were consistent with predictions. Because reaction-time and frequency measures are independent indices of accessibility, the convergent findings across the two studies provide compelling support for the predictive utility of the network model.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Heterogeneity in German Speaking Birdwatchers Reveals Three Distinct Clusters and Gender Differences

Birds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Christoph Randler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Novice Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Bird Group ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study was to segment birdwatchers into clusters. Members from a wide range of bird related organizations, from highly specialized birders as well as Facebook bird group members were studied to provide a diverse dataset (n = 2766; 50.5% men). Birding specialization was measured with a battery of questionnaires. Birding specialization encompassed the three constructs of skill/competence, behavior, personal and behavioral commitment. Additionally, involvement, measured by centrality to lifestyle, attraction, social bonding, and identity, was used. The NbClust analyses showed that a three-cluster solution was the optimal solution. Then, k-means cluster analysis was applied on three groups: casual/novice, intermediate, and specialist/advanced birdwatchers. More men than women were in the specialist/advanced group and more women than men in the casual/novice group. As a conclusion, this study confirms a three-cluster solution for segmenting German birdwatchers based on a large and diverse sample and a broad conceptualization of the construct birding specialization. These data can be used to address different target audiences (novices, advanced birders) with different programs, e.g., in nature conservation.

A taxonomy of the scope and organization of local sexually transmitted disease services for policy and practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1375-1383
Author(s):  
Hector P Rodriguez ◽  
Summer Starling ◽  
Zosha Kandel ◽  
Robert Weech-Maldonado ◽  
Nicholas J Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Local health departments (LHDs) and their organizational partners play a critical role in controlling sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. We examine variation in the differentiation, integration, and concentration (DIC) of STD services and develop a taxonomy describing the scope and organization of local STD services. LHD STD programs (n = 115) in Alabama (AL) and California (CA) responded to surveys assessing STD services available in 2014. K-means cluster analysis identified LHD groupings based on DIC variation. Discriminant analysis validated cluster solutions. Differences in organizational partnerships and scope of STD services were compared by taxonomy category. Multivariable regression models estimated the association of the STD services organization taxonomy and five-year (2010–2014) gonorrhea incidence rates, controlling for county-level sociodemographics and resources. A three-cluster solution was identified: (1) low DIC (n = 74), (2) moderate DIC (n = 31), and (3) high DIC (n = 10). In discriminant analysis, 95% of jurisdictions were classified into the same types as originally assigned through K-means cluster analysis. High DIC jurisdictions were more likely (p < 0.001) to partner with most organizations than moderate and low DIC jurisdictions, and more likely (p < 0.001) to conduct STD needs assessment, comprehensive sex education, and targeted screening. In contrast, contact tracing, case management, and investigations were conducted similarly across jurisdictions. In adjusted analyses, there were no differences in gonorrhea incidence rates by category. Jurisdictions in CA and AL can be characterized into three distinct clusters based on the DIC of STD services. Taxonomic analyses may aid in improving the reach and effectiveness of STD services.

scholarly journals Using Clustering as a Tool: Mixed Methods in Qualitative Data Analysis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Macia
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Detailed Explanation

In this article I discuss cluster analysis as an exploratory tool to support the identification of associations within qualitative data. While not appropriate for all qualitative projects, cluster analysis can be particularly helpful in identifying patterns where numerous cases are studied. I use as illustration a research project on Latino grievances to offer a detailed explanation of the main steps in cluster analysis, providing specific considerations for its use with qualitative data. I specifically describe the issues of data transformation, the choice of clustering methods and similarity measures, the identification of a cluster solution, and the interpretation of the data in a qualitative context.

scholarly journals Distribution of naked amoebae in the soils of the steppe zone of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
M. Patsyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Clusters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Naked Amoebae

As a result of the study, in the steppe zone of Ukraine (Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kirovohrad region), 12 species of naked amoebas were identified, which according to the modern Eukaryot system belong to three molecular clusters Tubulinea Smirnov et al., 2005, Discosea Cavalier-Smith, 2004., Discoba Simpson and Hampl et al., 2009. This species Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vahlkampfia sp. (2), Deuteramoeba mycophaga Page, 1988, Saccamoeba stagnicola Page, 1974, Vexillifera sp., Vannella sp. Ripellaplatypodia Smirnov, Nassonova, Chao et Cavalier-Smith, 2007, Cochliopodium sp. (1), Mayorella sp., Thecamoeba striata Penard, 1890, Stenamoeba stenopodia (Page, 1969) Smirnov et al., 2007, Acanthamoeba sp. (1). In the studied steppe soils, the most common were Vahlkampfia sp. (2), S. stenopodia, Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vexillifera sp., Cochliopodium sp. (1); the least common – R. platypodia, D. mycophaga, T. striata, Mayorella sp. As a result of the cluster analysis, it was found that the largest share of common species is observed between Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions (0.71) and Odessa and Kirovograd regions (0.53); the smallest is between the Odessa and Mykolaiv regions (0.43). According to the results of cluster analysis, the faunistic complexes of soil species of amoebae of the steppe region of Ukraine are united into two clusters: one of them being complexes characteristic of the Odessa region, and the other complexes of the Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions. According to the results of nonparametric multidimensional scaling, it is established that the species complex of soil amoebae in the Kirovograd and Mykolaiv regions is determined by the increased soil temperature and acidity, compared to the Odessa region. As for moisture, this factor has little effect on the species complexes amoebae steppe region of Ukraine.

scholarly journals O Efeito do Fogo sobre a Comunidade de Abelhas Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em Floresta de Transição Cerrado-Amazônia (Mato Grosso, Brasil)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubia França da Silva Giehl ◽  
Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão ◽  
Leandro Schlemmer Brasil ◽  
Josias Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Sara Miranda Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Transitional Forest ◽  
Fire Area

Os efeitos de queimadas induzidas sobre a comunidade de abelhas Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foram avaliados em floresta de transição entre o Cerrado e a Floresta Amazônica, no leste do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A riqueza, abundância e a composição de Euglossini foram determinadas em uma área controle não queimada (preservada), uma área queimada anualmente desde 2004 (degradação intermediária) e uma área queimada trienalmente desde 2004 (degradação elevada). Testamos a hipótese de que áreas com diferentes frequências de queimadas apresentam menor abundância de machos, menor riqueza e diferente composição de espécies de Euglossini em relação à área controle. As técnicas de coleta ativa e passiva de abelhas foram aplicadas usando seis substâncias puras para atração dos machos: β-ionona, benzoato de benzila, geraniol, fenil-etil-acetato, salicilato de metila e vanilina. Sete espécies foram catalogadas e não houve diferença nas abundâncias entre as três áreas amostradas (F (2, 12) = 0,150; p= 0,8). A riqueza estimada de espécies na área controle foi superior à área com fogo trienal (12 ± 3,8; 4 ± 2, respectivamente), enquanto a área com fogo anual apresentou riqueza intermediária (8 ± 4,35) e superior àquela da área com fogo trienal. A análise de UPGMA revelou diferença significativa quanto a composição de espécies da área de fogo trienal para as outras duas áreas. As queimadas anual e trienal reduziram a riqueza de espécies e alteraram a composição de espécies, com efeitos mais evidentes na área com fogo trienal, causando efeitos deletérios sobre a comunidade das abelhas das orquídeas. The effect of Fire on the Community of Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a Cerrado-Amazon Transitional Forest (Mato Grosso, Brazil) Abstract. We evaluated the effects of induced burned on Euglossini bee assemblages (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a transitional area between Cerrado and Amazonia, eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. We determinate abundances, richness and composition of Euglossini in three plots: control plot (unburned), plot burned each year since 2004 (intermediate degradation), plot burned each three years since 2004 (high degradation). We tested the hypothesis that two burned plots present lower male abundances, less species richness and different species composition in comparison with the control plot. We collected male bees actively and passively by using six pure fragrances: β-ionona, benzoato de benzila, geraniol, fenil-etil-acetato, salicilato de metila e vanilina. We collected seven species with no differences in male abundances among three plots (F (2, 12)= 0.150; p= 0.8). Estimated richness species in control the plot was higher than the plot burned each three years (12 ± 3.8; 4± 2, respectively), while plot burned each year showed intermediate richness (8 ± 4.35) and higher than plot burned each three years. Cluster Analysis (UPGMA) revealed significant differences in species composition of the triennial fire area to the other two areas. Our results suggest that fire occurring with different frequencies in transitional forest promote decreases in richness of species and modifications in species composition. These modifications were clearer in plot more degraded (burned each three years) and induce deleterious effects on orchid bee assemblage.

MARITAL SATISFACTION AND SELF-DECEPTION: RECONSTRUCTION OF RELATIONSHIP HISTORIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norm O'rourke ◽  
Philippe Cappeliez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Relationship History ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship among marital aggrandizement, satisfaction with life, and marital satisfaction is examined among an international sample of older adults (N = 400). Three distinct groupings are identified on the basis of cluster analysis. A minority of participants emerged as dissatisfied with life and marriage. This grouping (the distraught) holds realistic perceptions of their relationship history. The same is true for a larger grouping identified as the realistically content who appear satisfied with life and marriage. The largest grouping (Pollyannas) also appears highly satisfied with life and marriage. Of note, these participants also engage in selective recall negating the occurrence of negative events and perceptions of their spouse and marriage. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) suggests that Pollyannas convey a tendency for self-deception that distinguishes them from the other two groupings. These results are discussed in terms of demographic trends and directions for future research.

Detecting Subgroups in Survey Research

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-760
Author(s):  
Todd McLin Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Statistical Procedures

A problem often not detected in the interpretation of survey research is the potential interaction between subgroups within the sample and aspects of the survey. Potentially interesting interactions are commonly obscured when data are analyzed using descriptive and univariate statistical procedures. This paper suggests the use of cluster analysis as a tool for interpretation of data, particularly when such data take the form of coded categories. An example of the analysis of two data sets with known properties, one random and the other contrived, is presented to illustrate the application of cluster procedures to survey research data.

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