An epidemic of typhoid fever occurred in a migrant labor camp some 15 miles south of Miami, Florida in February 1973. It was the largest reported outbreak of typhoid fever in the United States in the last 30 years. Epidemiological data revealed that an 11-year-old retarded girl was the index case, and that her disease was contracted from a carrier living next door. Spread occurred via a faulty well, chlorinator, and sewerage system in the camp. During a period of approximately three weeks, over 300 patients were hospitalized with suspected typhoid. Of this number, 147 were children under 13 years of age.