INFLUENCE OF LATE GESTATION AND EARLY PUERPERIUM ON LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN NORMAL FEMALES

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Becker ◽  
P. Berle ◽  
A. Wallé ◽  
K. D. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Contraceptive Treatment

ABSTRACT In 20 normal females various parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were determined 4 weeks before and 3 and 7 days after delivery. Compared with normal values, in late pregnancy the blood levels of pyruvate, lactate, total lipids, glycerid-glycerol, total glycerol, and free fatty acids were found significantly higher. In puerperium all parameters returned to normal values with the exception of total lipids and free fatty acids which were still elevated at the end of the observation period. Glucose was found in normal range during pregnancy and on the 7th day of puerperium, but on the 3rd day after delivery a significant decrease was observed. The data of this investigation were compared with the results obtained under oral contraceptive treatment. In principal there is a good agreement between the results found during late pregnancy and data obtained under oral contraceptive treatment, the alteration in pregnancy being, however, more marked.

The effect of dietary energy concentration on protein utilization during late pregnancy in ewes

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Guada ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Unit Increase

SUMMARYFrom 62 days of gestation to parturition, 20 Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn ewes were each offered one of four diets with roughage to concentrate ratios of 20:80; 40:60; 60:40 and 80:20, at daily metabolizable energy and digestible crude protein intakes of 490 kJ and 3·55 g/kg W0·75respectively. Plasma concentration of free fatty acids, glucose and urea were determined weekly, and nitrogen balance and digestibility trials were carried out at 70–80 and 130–140 days of gestation.On all treatments the concentration of plasma free fatty acids increased during pregnancy from approximately 200–600 μ-equiv./l and the concentration of glucose and urea decreased by approximately 25%.Digestibility coefficients for dry matter and organic matter increased from 58 to 68% and from 60 to 70% respectively as the proportion of concentrates in the diet increased and were not affected by stage of gestation. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen was not affected by the energy concentration of the diet.Between mid and late gestation there was a mean increase in daily nitrogen retention of 2·5 g and an improvement in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization of 19 percentage units.Nitrogen retention and the efficiency with which the apparently digested nitrogen intake was retained increased as the dietary energy concentration was increased. The mean daily increases in nitrogen retention were 0·0135 and 0·0039 g for each percentage unit increase in the concentrate portion of the diet at mid and late gestation respectively. The corresponding values for the improvement in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization were 0·13 and 0·10%.

The effect of contrasting silages offered in mid and late pregnancy on the performance of breeding ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACTEarly-cut, precision-chopped (EP) and late-cut, flail-harvested (LF) silages were offered ad libitum to breeding ewes during mid and late pregnancy in two experiments. Silages offered in late pregnancy were factorially arranged with silages offered in mid pregnancy giving four silage treatments. Voluntary drymatter intake, ewe weight change, lamb birth weight and blood levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) and non-esterifiable free fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. The intake of LF silage was proportionately 0·61 and 0·72 of that of EP silage in mid and late pregnancy respectively. While type of silage given in mid pregnancy did not affect the mean silage intake in weeks 15 to 20 of pregnancy, the rate of decline in intake was higher and the intake during week 20 of pregnancy was lower following the feeding of EP silage in mid pregnancy. Despite a considerably lower level of body reserves associated with LF silage given in mid pregnancy, there was little effect on levels of 3-OHB or NEFA in late pregnancy or on lamb birth weight.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histological Changes in Rat Liver Caused by Cypermethrin and Beta-Cyfluthrin

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijender Bhushan ◽  
Prabhu N. Saxena ◽  
Nishi Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Nuclear Polymorphism ◽  
Hepatic Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolisation

Cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin are two most widely used multipurpose pyrethroids. After determining their oral LD50 (416.98 mg kg-1 and 354.8 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively), we assessed their hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats following acute (0.1 LD50 for 1 day) and sub-acute (0.1 LD50 for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days) poisoning. The assessment was based on hepatic marker enzymes AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, glycogen, total proteins, total lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. AST, ALT, LDH, total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and free fatty acids in hepatic homogenate increased following pyrethroid stress. In contrast, hepatic proteins, glycogen, and ALP activity decreased due to lysis of structural proteins and leakage of enzymes into the blood stream. Biochemical data were consistent with histological alterations (cytoplasmic vacuolisation, nuclear polymorphism, eccentric nucleus, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and sinusoidal dilation). Comparatively greater hepatocellular damage was noted in beta-cyfluthrin than in cypermethrin-treated rats, which is probably related to the fluorine atom in beta-cyfluthrin.

Net substrates balance across hindlimb in conscious rabbit during late pregnancy

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. E42-E47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bouisset ◽  
M. C. Pere ◽  
M. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Insulin Effect ◽  
Increase Glucose Uptake

The present work performed in rabbits was designed to investigate whether changes in skeletal muscle metabolism could contribute to glucose homeostasis during late pregnancy a time at which there is a large glucose demand of the gravid uterus. We therefore studied the net substrate balance of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies across the hindlimb of pregnant animals (days 24 and 30) and virgin animals. Our data show that on day 24 the basal rate of glucose uptake is similar to that observed in virgin rabbits, but it decreases by approximately 60% on day 30 despite comparable levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin at both gestational ages. A moderate hyperglycemia (20% above basal level) and hyperinsulinemia (2- to 3-fold above basal level) sustained for 80 min failed to increase glucose uptake except in virgin animals. Estimates of the contribution of substrates to oxidative metabolism indicate that free fatty acids could represent the major fuel in all groups, whereas glucose would be of minor importance especially at term. It is concluded that in pregnancy a) under normoglycemia there is a reduced insulin effect on glucose uptake and b) under moderate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia the insulin resistance results from an impaired stimulation of glucose uptake. Sparing glucose from the skeletal muscle, the mother can direct more glucose toward the uterus without marked increase in her production rate.

scholarly journals Lipid Content and In Vitro Incorporation of Free Fatty Acids Into Lipids of Human Platelets: The Effect of Storage at 4°C

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINORU OKUMA ◽  
MANFRED STEINER ◽  
MARIO BALDINI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Independent Mechanism

Abstract Lipid content and capacity to incorporate in vitro palmitate-1-14C and linoleate-1-14C into lipids was investigated in fresh and stored (4°C) human platelets. Cholesterol and phospholipids decreased 30% during storage for 6 days. Molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids and percentage distribution of individual phospholipids were similar in fresh and stored platelets. Palmitate bound to albumin was rapidly transferred by an energy-independent mechanism into a free fatty acid fraction of platelets. From there it was incorporated into glycerides and phospholipids, a process requiring energy. More palmitate than linoleate was incorporated into fatty acids and glycerides of fresh and stored platelets but linoleate exceeded palmitate in its incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine. Storage of platelets produced the following changes: (1) Incorporation of palmitate into total lipids was significantly reduced but not that of linoleate. (2) Both palmitate and linoleate showed increased incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine. (3) Incorporation of linoleate into free fatty acids and triglycerides and of palmitate into phosphatidylcholine was reduced.

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