scholarly journals Case-Control study of prolactin and placental lactogen in SGA pregnancies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon R Ladyman ◽  
Caroline Larsen ◽  
Rennae S Taylor ◽  
David R Grattan ◽  
Lesley M E McCowan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Maternal Metabolism ◽  
Control Study

Prolactin and placental lactogens increase during pregnancy and are involved with many aspects of maternal metabolic adaptation to pregnancy, likely to impact on fetal growth. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma prolactin or placental lactogen concentrations at twenty weeks of gestation were associated with later birth of small-for-gestational-age babies (SGA). In a nested case-control study, prolactin and placental lactogen in plasma samples obtained at 20 weeks of gestation were compared between 40 women who gave birth to SGA babies, and 40 women with uncomplicated pregnancies and size appropriate-for-gestation-age (AGA) babies. Samples were collected as part of the “Screening of Pregnancy Endpoints” (SCOPE) prospective cohort study. SGA was defined as birthweight < 10th customised birthweight centile (adjusted for maternal weight, height, ethnicity, parity, infant sex and gestation age) in mothers who remained normotensive. No significant differences were observed in concentrations of prolactin or placental lactogen from women who gave birth to SGA babies compared with women with uncomplicated pregnancies. However, a sex specific association was observed in SGA pregnancies, whereby lower maternal prolactin concentration at twenty weeks of gestation was observed in SGA pregnancies that were carrying a male fetus (132.0  46.7 ng/ml vs 103.5  38.3 ng/ml, mean ± SD, p=0.036 Student’s t-test) compared to control pregnancies carrying a female fetus. Despite the implications of these lactogenic hormones in maternal metabolism, single measurements of either prolactin or placental lactogen at 20 weeks of gestation are unlikely to be useful biomarkers for SGA pregnancies.

scholarly journals Gestational weight gain is a risk factor of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Bangli District, Bali, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ayu Wulan Noviyanti ◽  
I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri ◽  
Kadek Tresna Adhi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy ◽  
Control Study

Background and purpose: Stunting in children is a chronic nutritional concern that has short-term and long-term health effects. Several studies have shown inconsistent results related to the association between stunting and anemia and increased maternal weight during pregnancy. This study aims to determine anemia during pregnancy, increased body weight and weight gain during pregnancy based on body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy stunting with.Method: A case control study was carried out using the baseline data of an intervention studyconducted from April to September to prevent stunting in children aged 6-23 months in nine villages in Bangli District, Bali Province. Baseline data collection was conducted from December 2017–February 2018 by interviews with 330 mothers of the children and observation of their ANC records. The number of samples for the case control study was 156 children aged 6-23 months consisting of 78 cases and 78 controls (1:1). Cases were selected by systematic random sampling from 82 children with stunting and controls were selected in the same way from 248 children without stunting. Data analyzed were maternal age at pregnancy, education, employment, number of children, family income, height, hemoglobin level and maternal body weight during pregnancy. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was conducted to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of each risk factor.Results: The increase in maternal weight during pregnancy which is not in accordance with maternal BMI before pregnancy and an increase in maternal weight of <10 or >12.5 kilograms are significantly associated with stunting with AOR=3.53 (95%CI: 1,55-8.07) and AOR=3.31 (95%CI: 1.24-8.85). Hemoglobin <11gr/dL during pregnancy was not found to be significantly associated with stunting (AOR=5.02; 95%CI: 0.80–31.71).Conclusion: The increase of maternal weight during pregnancy which is not suitable with BMI before pregnancy and an increase in maternal weight of <10 or >12.5 kilograms are risk factors for stunting in children aged 6-23 months. In addition to monitoring the increase of maternal weight during pregnancy, it is important to consider the mother's BMI before pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of stunting.

scholarly journals Determinants of low birth weight among newborns delivered at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tadese ◽  
Abdulwahhab Seid Minhaji ◽  
Chalachew Tegegne Mengist ◽  
Fetene Kasahun ◽  
Getaneh Baye Mulu
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Low birth weight is weight less than 2500 g or 5.5 lb. at birth. Globally, more than 20 million infants (15-20%) are born with a low birth weight each year. Birth weight is the primary indicator of the health status of neonates and is the primary factor that determines the infant’s physical, survival, and mental growth. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the determinants of low birth weight among newborn babies delivered at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods We performed a facility-based unmatched case-control study among 453 (151 cases and 302 controls) deliveries conducted at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital. Birth records and maternal antenatal care (ANC) files were reviewed from March 1 to April 30, 2019. Consecutive sampling was employed to select study participants. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were computed to identify independent determinants of low birth weight. A p-value of ≤0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result Four hundred fifty-three birth records of babies (151 cases and 302 controls) were reviewed. Women who reside in rural area [AOR (CI) = 3.12 (1.63-5.98)], being merchant [(AOR (CI) = 2.90 (1.03-8.22)], danger sign during pregnancy [(AOR (CI) = 4.14 (1.68-10.2)], and maternal weight during pregnancy [(AOR (CI) = 4.94 (3.26-7.52)] were found to be a significant determinants of low birth weight. Conclusion Residence, occupation, danger signs, and maternal weight during pregnancy were significant determinants of low birth weight. Socioeconomic development, early detection and management of complications, and encouraging nutrition and weight during pregnancy are crucial for minimizing the risk of delivering low birth weight babies.

Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Rural Areas of North West in Iran: 2013-2017 (A Case-Control Study)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Rafiemanesh ◽  
Seyed Rasoul Hashemi Aghdam ◽  
Avaz Safarzadeh ◽  
Sanaz Chapar ◽  
Alireza Zemestani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of death in children and is an important factor related to the growth and development of children. LBW is associated with causes but some of the risk factors may be due to the country or geographical region. Aim of this study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with LBW in the villages of Oskou county, northwest of Iran. Methods This study is a population-based case-control study and all the cases of LBW, that have occurred during the five years 2013-2017 in all villages of Oskou county, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Controls were selevted based on systematic random sampling in that same village and year. Chi-square and fisher's exact test analysed and then a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate possible factors. Results In this study 242 cases and 242 control groups were analyzed. Base on multivariate logistic regression important risk factors were LBW history (OR=25.87), mothers who used natural methods of contraception (OR=29.54), twin's birth (OR=24.04) and gestational age less than 37 weeks (OR=3.89). Conclusion According to the result of the present study the most important risk factors of LBW are as follows: Contraception method using, having a history of previous LBW newborn, twin's birth, gestational age, fathers’ occupation, mothers’ education, maternal weight, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and number of of caring during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Effect of antenatal care on low birth weight prevention in Lao PDR: A case control study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latsamy Oulay ◽  
Wongsa Laohasiriwong ◽  
Teerasak Phajan ◽  
Supat Assana ◽  
Kritkantorn Suwannaphant
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy ◽  
Control Study

Background: Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a worldwide public health problem, which subsequently may affect the health status of the child. Lao PDR has high incidence of LBW.  Antenatal care (ANC) is provided to improve maternal and child health outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the effect ANC on LBW prevention in Lao PDR. Methods: This case control study was conducted in tertiary hospitals of Lao PDR. The ratio of case: control was 1:3, of which there were 52 cases and 156 controls that passed the inclusion criteria included in the study. In our analysis information on pregnancy and ANC including height of mother, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, maternal gestational age at delivery, type of delivery, supplementary vitamins, and other covariates including age, marital status, educational attainment, occupation, family income, health insurance, family size and living condition were described and determine their association with LBW using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: There were only 32.69 % of complete ANC among cases and 57.69% in control.  Incomplete ANC (<4 times) were significant increased the odds of having LBW (adj. OR=2.97; 95%CI: 1.48 to 5.93; p-value =0.002). Other covariates which also influenced LBW were having maternal weight gain during pregnancy less than 10 kg. (adj.OR=2.28; 95%CI: 1.16 to 4.49; p-value = 0.017), maternal gestation age at delivery less than 40 weeks (adj. OR=3.33; 95%CI: 1.52 to 7.32; p-value =0.003).  Conclusion: Complete ANC could help both mother and child in term of weight gain and full term delivery which may effect on LBW reduction.

scholarly journals Predictors of Fetal Macrosomia Among Women Delivering at a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania: A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Imani Ngadaya ◽  
Maria Angelica Rweyemamu ◽  
Proffesor Ipyana Hudson Mwampagatwa ◽  
Athanase Gervase Lilungulu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Purpose: The study aimed at assessing predictors of fetal macrosomia at Iringa Regional Referral hospital in Tanzania. It is currently challenging to predict fetal macrosomia before delivery which possess women to an increasing risk of sustaining adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Methods: A case-control study design in which cases were women who delivered babies weighing ≥ 4000g while controls were those who delivered babies weighing 2500g to 3500g. Purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit both controls and cases. A total of 216 participants were included. This was an unmatched case control study. SPSS version 25 software program was used for data entry and analysis. Chi-squared test, P-value, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were used to determine statistical significant. Results: Predictors of fetal macrosomia at Iringa Regional Referral hospital were advanced gestation age (AOR=8.10, 95% CI 3.66-17.91, p=<0.0001) and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (AOR =14.94, 95% CI 1.60 -39.91, p= 0.0178).Conclusion: Women with advanced gestation age and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy are at an increased risk of delivering a macrosomic baby. Assessing predictors of fetal macrosomia will enable early prediction and intervention of women with fetal macrosomia hence preventing further maternal and fetal adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals Assessing the association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: A case control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace UWAMBAYE ◽  
Cyprien MUNYANSHONGORE ◽  
Stephen RULISA ◽  
Harlan J Shiau ◽  
Assuman NUHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Nurses And Midwives ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Premature deliveries are the main causes of prenatal and infant mortality and morbidity in developed societies and is an important problem in obstetrics. Maternal periodontitis is a very prevalent condition that has suspected to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight. However, there are still conflicting results and this study have been done to determine the association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight in order to get necessary information that will enable us to improve mothers’ and children’s health by recommending the screening tool to be used by nurses and midwives to screen for periodontal diseases during antenatal consultations. Methods A case control study was done on 555 women on post-partum period. This case control was in ratio of 1:2; 1 case of preterm and low birth weight to 2 controls. There were 185 cases with preterm deliveries/ gestation age < 37 weeks and low birth weight / weight < 2500 g and 370 controls with term delivery/ gestation age of above or equal to 37 weeks and normal birth weight babies 2500 g and above. Multivariate regression analysis was done and the variables were hierarchically grouped into three groups: first categories of demographic variables were put in the regression model as step 1. Second category were other potential factors were put in regression model as the second step. The third category or the third step of regression model, the researcher put periodontitis as it was hypothesized a major predictor variable. Results Significant association was found between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight; women who had periodontitis had 6 times the odds of giving birth to preterm low birth weight babies compared to women who had no periodontitis (p < 0.001) (95% CI 3.9, 10.4). Conclusion Periodontitis is a risk factor for preterm low birth weight and preventive solutions like having a periodontitis screening tool for nurses and midwives during antenatal care consultations are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Predictors Of Fetal Macrosomia Among Women Delivering At A Tertiary Hospital In Tanzania: Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Imani Ngadaya ◽  
Maria Angelica Rweyemamu ◽  
Proffesor Ipyana Hudson Mwampagatwa ◽  
Athanase Gervase Lilungulu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Purpose: Women who deliver macrosomic or big baby have been observed to sustain adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as prolonged labor, perineal tears, uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal and neonatal deaths. The study aimed at assessing predictive factors associated with fetal macrosomia at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.Methods: This was an analytical quantitative study that used a case-control study design in which cases were women who delivered babies weighing ≥ 4000g while controls were those who delivered babies weighing 2500g to 3500g. Purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit both controls and cases 216 participants. This was an unmatched case control study. A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. SPSS version 25 software program was used for data entry and analysis.Results: The identified predictors associated with fetal macrosomia at Iringa Regional Referral hospital were advanced gestation age (AOR=8.16, CI 3.49-19.03, p=<0.0001), diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (AOR =12.03, CI 1.28 -13.14, p= 0.0297) and a previous history of macrosomic baby delivery (AOR = 3.01, CI 1.02 -8.89, p=0.0467).Conclusion: women with advanced gestation age, diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, and a previous history of macrosomic baby delivery are at an increased risk of delivering a macrosomic baby.

scholarly journals Predictors of Low Birth Weight at Lumbini Provincial Hospital, Nepal: A Hospital-Based Unmatched Case Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneep Shrestha ◽  
Sandeep Shrestha ◽  
Upasana Shakya Shrestha ◽  
Kamala Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background. Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as the birth weight of live born infants below 2500 g, regardless of gestational age. It is a public health problem caused by factors that are potentially modifiable. The purpose of this study was to determine the socioeconomic, obstetric, and maternal factors associated with LBW in Lumbini Provincial Hospital, Nepal. Methods. The study was conducted using case control study design with 1 : 2 case control ratio. A total of 105 cases and 210 controls were taken in this study. Data were entered on Epi data software version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25 for analysis. Characteristics of the sample were described using mean and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was done to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. The ultimate measure of association was odds ratio. Variables found to be associated with bivariate analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to identify predictors of LBW. Results. The mean age of the participants was 25.98 years with ±4.40 standard deviation. Mothers with literate educational background (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.81), housewife (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.11–6.20), vaginal mode of delivery (AOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.82), gestational age <37 weeks (AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.15–5.48), history of LBW (AOR 5.12, 95% CI 1.93–13.60), and maternal weight <50 kilograms (AOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.23–4.02) were significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion. Educational and occupational status, mode of delivery, gestational age, maternal weight, and history of LBW were found to be independent predictors of LBW. There is need of developing coordination with education sector for increasing educational status of mothers and adolescent girls. Social determinants of health need to be considered while developing interventional programs. Similarly, interventional programs need to be developed considering identified predictors of low birth weight.

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