scholarly journals Several fibroblast growth factors are expressed during pre-attachment bovine conceptus development and regulate interferon-tau expression from trophectoderm

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia N T Cooke ◽  
Kathleen A Pennington ◽  
Qien Yang ◽  
Alan D Ealy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Conceptus Development

The trophectoderm-derived factor interferon tau (IFNT) maintains the uterus in a pregnancy-receptive state in cattle and sheep. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are implicated in regulatingIFNTexpression and potentially other critical events associated with early conceptus development in cattle. The overall objectives of this work were to identify the variousFGFsand FGF receptors (FGFRs) expressed in elongating pre-attachment bovine conceptuses and determine if these FGFs regulate conceptus development and/or mediate IFNT production.In vitro-derived bovine blastocysts andin vivo-derived elongated conceptuses collected at day 17 of pregnancy express at least fourFGFRsubtypes (R1c,R2b,R3c,R4). In addition, transcripts forFGF1,2, and10but notFGF7are present in elongated bovine conceptuses. The expression pattern ofFGF10most closely resembled that ofIFNT, with both transcripts remaining low in day 8 and day 11 conceptuses and increasing substantially in day 14 and day 17 conceptuses. Supplementation with recombinant FGF1, 2 or 10 increasedIFNTmRNA levels in bovine trophectoderm cells and bovine blastocysts and increased IFNT protein concentrations in trophectoderm-conditioned medium. Blastocyst development was not affected by any of the FGFs. In summary, at least four FGFRs reside in pre- and peri-attachment bovine conceptuses. Moreover, conceptuses express at least three candidate FGFs during elongation, the time of peakIFNTexpression. These findings provide new insight for how conceptus-derived factors such as FGF1, 2, and 10 may controlIFNTexpression during early pregnancy in cattle.

Fibroblast Growth Factors Regulate Stem Cell Functioning In Vitro and in Vivo.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1705-1705
Author(s):  
Joyce S.G Yeoh ◽  
Ronald van Os ◽  
Ellen Weersing ◽  
Bert Dontje ◽  
Edo Vellenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Stem Cell Activity

Abstract Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF) are a large family of signaling molecules widely involved in tissue development, maintenance and repair. Little is known about the role of FGF/FGF-receptor signaling in the regulation of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In this study, we assessed the potential of exogenously added FGF-1/2, or retrovirally overexpressed FGF-1 to preserve HSC function in vitro and in vivo. First, we demonstrate that in vitro culture of unfractionated mouse bone marrow cells, in serum-free medium, supplemented with FGF-1 or FGF-2 or FGF-1 + 2 resulted in the robust generation of long-term repopulating (LTR) HSCs. Cultures were maintained for 12 weeks and during that time in vivo competitive reconstitution assays were performed. Stem cell activity was detectable at 3, 5, and 8 weeks after initiation of culture, but lost after 12 weeks. However, whereas 3 and 5 week cultured cells provided radioprotection in non-competitive assays, animals transplanted with 8 or 12 week cultured cells succumbed due to bone marrow failure. So far, we have been unable to expand single, highly purified Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ using FGF-1 + 2. Consequently, we speculated that essential intermediate cell populations or signals are required for FGF-induced stem cell conservation. To test this we cultured highly purified CD45.1 Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells in a co-culture with CD45.2 unfractionated BM. Co-cultured cells were transplanted after 5 weeks in lethally irradiated recipients, and CD45.1 chimerism levels were assessed. High levels of CD45.1 chimerism confirmed that Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells require an accessory signal in addition to FGF to induced stem cell activity in vitro. We subsequently tested stem cell potential of cells cultured in FGF-1 + 2 for 5 weeks, with the addition of SCF + IL-11 + Flt3L for the last 2, 4 or 7 days. Cell numbers increased with increasing time of growth factor presence. However, only when growth factors were present for 2 days engraftment of cultured cells in a competitive repopulation assay was increased 3.5-fold. Finally, we show by immunohistochemistry that ~10% of freshly isolated Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ expresses high levels of FGF-1. Retroviral overexpression of FGF-1 in stem cells resulted in increased growth potential and sustained clonogenic activity in vitro. Upon transplantation of transduced stem cells, FGF-1 overexpression resulted in increased white blood cell counts 4 weeks post-transplant compared to control animals. Most notable was a marked granulocytosis in FGF-1 overexpressing recipients Our results reveal FGF as an important regulator of HSC signaling and homeostasis. Importantly, in the presence of FGF stem cells can be maintained in vitro for 2 months. These findings open novel avenues for in vitro manipulation of stem cells for future clinical therapies.

139 STIMULATION OF BOVINE TROPHECTODERM MIGRATION BY FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
M. I. Giassetti ◽  
Q. E. Yang ◽  
A. D. Ealy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Conceptus Development

Following hatching, bovine and ovine blastocysts elongate into tubular and then filamentous conceptuses that remain free-floating for several days before attaching to the uterine lining. Elongation is marked by trophectoderm proliferation and changes in trophectoderm shape. The ultimate goal of this work is to identify uterine- and conceptus-derived factors that control peri-attachment conceptus development in cattle. Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) encompass a large family of mitogens, morphogens, and angiogenic factors produced by various tissues, including the bovine/ovine endometrium and conceptus. FGF2 and FGF10 are of particular interest because uterine production of FGF2 and conceptus production of FGF10 intensify as elongation takes place in cattle and sheep. The objective of this work was to determine if FGF2 and FGF10 stimulate bovine trophectoderm migration during culture. Migration assays were conducted with CT1 cells, a trophectoderm line established from a bovine in vitro-produced blastocyst outgrowth. Cells were seeded on 8-μm pore Transwell inserts (Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA; 50,000 cells/insert) and submerged in serum-free DMEM containing treatments (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 ng mL-1 of recombinant bovine FGF2 or human FGF10). After 12 h, cells that migrated onto the lower surface were fixed, stained, and processed for counting using epifluorescence microscopy. Migrated cells were counted in 5 non-overlapping locations on each of 4 replicate Transwell inserts for each treatment. Experiments were repeated on at least 3 different occasions. Analysis of variance was completed. Differences in individual means were partitioned further by completing pair-wise comparisons. Supplementation with 5 or 50 ng mL-1 of FGF2 increased (P = 0.06 and P = 0.002, respectively) migration of CT1 cells when compared with controls (327 ± 17 or 485 ± 40 cells, respectively, v. 162 ± 16 cells). Supplementation with 500 ng mL-1 of FGF2 further increased (P < 0.02) migration when compared with controls and cells exposed to lower levels of FGF2 (548 ± 116 cells). FGF10 also stimulated CT1 migration. Supplementation with 0.5 ng mL-1 of FGF10 increased (P = 0.06) cell migration v. controls (254 ± 48 v. 184 ± 24 cells). Supplementation with 5 ng mL-1 further increased (P < 0.007) cell migration (373 ± 29 cells). Exposure to greater FGF10 concentrations did not further enhance cell migration. To summarize, both FGF2 and FGF10 promoted CT1 migration, suggestive of a potential function in regulating trophectoderm development, differentiation, and/or morphogenesis during peri-attachment conceptus development. FGF10 appeared to be more potent than FGF2 at mediating CT1 migration. The reason for this disparity has not been resolved but likely involves differences in ligand affinities to certain receptor subtypes. This project was supported by NRI Competitive Grant No. 2008-35203-19106 from the USDA-CSREES.

scholarly journals Fibroblast growth factors redirect retinal axons in vitro and in vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A Webber ◽  
M.T Hyakutake ◽  
S McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Retinal Axons

scholarly journals Both in vitro and in vivo irradiation are associated with induction of macrophage-derived fibroblast growth factors

1996 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. THORNTON ◽  
B. J. WALSH ◽  
S. BENNETT ◽  
J. M. ROBBINS ◽  
E. FOULCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

scholarly journals Growth factors and goitrogenesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Bidey ◽  
DJ Hill ◽  
MC Eggo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Paracrine Actions

By combining data from studies of multinodular non-toxic goitre (MNTG) with data from rat models of goitre induction and in vitro models, a map of the growth factors involved in goitrogenesis has been constructed. We have addressed the roles of the insulin-like growth factors, transforming growth factors, fibroblast growth factors, endothelins, etc. We hypothesise that an imbalance in the interactions between the various growth factor axes exists in MNTG which favours cell replication. Thyrotrophin, although not significantly elevated in MNTG, exerts critical effects through interactions with autocrine and paracrine factors and their receptors. Expansion of the thyroidal vascular bed through angiogenesis is closely co-ordinated with follicular cell expansion and folliculoneogenesis, and while the integrated paracrine actions of fibroblast growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin probably play central roles, additional, as yet elusive, factors are probably involved. The combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, designed to address specific questions, will undoubtedly continue to prove invaluable in dissecting further the complex interactions that exist between these growth factors, their binding proteins and receptors in goitrogenesis.

scholarly journals Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors stimulate tyrosine kinase activity in vivo.

1988 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 988-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Coughlin ◽  
P J Barr ◽  
L S Cousens ◽  
L J Fretto ◽  
L T Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Activity

Sheep antiluteolytic interferon: cDNA sequence and analysis of mRNA levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Stewart ◽  
S.H.E. McCann ◽  
A.J. Northrop ◽  
G.E. Lamming ◽  
A.P.F. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Cdna Sequences

ABSTRACT A cloned cDNA has been isolated by probing a sheep blastocyst cDNA library using a synthetic oligonucleotide representing the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the antiluteolytic protein, ovine trophoblast protein-1. Sequence analysis of the cDNA confirms the 70% homology between the antiluteolysin and the interferon-α family of proteins; however, the sequence reported here differs at several points from previously reported amino acid and cDNA sequences for the antiluteolysin. In-vitro translation of day-16 poly(A)+ RNA indicated that antiluteolysin mRNA is a major constituent of total mRNA at this stage of blastocyst development, and Northern blotting confirmed that antiluteolysin mRNA production occurred between days 13 and 22 after oestrus. This is consistent with the stage at which embryonic extracts are antiluteolytic on administration in vivo. These and other data confirm that the ovine trophoblast antiluteolysin is an interferon, and suggest that at least five isoforms of this protein may exist.

scholarly journals Growth factors are released by mechanically wounded endothelial cells.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L McNeil ◽  
L Muthukrishnan ◽  
E Warder ◽  
P A D'Amore
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Transient Plasma

Growth factors may be required at sites of mechanical injury and normal wear and tear in vivo, suggesting that the direct action of mechanical forces on cells could lead to growth factor release. Scraping of cells from the tissue culture substratum at 37 degrees C was used to test this possibility. We show that scraping closely mimics in vitro both the transient plasma membrane wounds observed in cells subject to mechanical forces in vivo (McNeil, P. L., and S. Ito. 1989. Gastroenterology. 96:1238-1248) and the transient plasma membrane wounds shown here to occur in endothelial cells under normal culturing conditions. Scraping of endothelial cells from the culturing substratum released into the culture medium a potent growth-promoting activity for Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Growth-promoting activity was released rapidly (within 5 min) after scraping but was not subsequently degraded by the endothelial cells for at least 24 h thereafter. A greater quantity of growth-promoting activity was released by cells scraped 4 h after plating than by those scraped 4 or 7 d afterwards. Thus release is not due to scraping-induced disruption of extracellular matrix. Release was only partially cold inhibitable, was poorly correlated with the level of cell death induced by scraping, and did not occur when cells were killed with metabolic poisons. These results suggest that mechanical disruption of plasma membrane, either transient or permanent, is the essential event leading to release. A basic fibroblast growth factor-like molecule and not platelet-derived growth factor appears to be partially responsible for the growth-promoting activity. We conclude that one biologically relevant route of release of basic fibroblast growth factor, a molecule which lacks the signal peptide sequence for transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, could be directly through mechanically induced membrane disruptions of endothelial cells growing in vivo and in vitro.

155 IN VITRO MYELINATION NOT STIMULATED BY BRAIN FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS

1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
F. J. Sell ◽  
F. C. Westall ◽  
W. R. Woodward ◽  
D. Gospodarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth
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