scholarly journals The establishment of the fertile fish lineages derived from distant hybridization by overcoming the reproductive barriers

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. R237-R249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Liu ◽  
Junmei Liu ◽  
Liujiao Yuan ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Min Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Species ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mendel’S Laws ◽  
Comprehensive Reference ◽  
Improved Characteristics

Distant hybridization refers to the cross between two different species or higher-ranking taxa. It is very significant if the new lineages with genetic variation, fertile ability, and improved characteristics can be established through distant hybridization. However, reproductive barriers are key limitations that must be overcome to establish fertile lineages derived from distant hybridization. In the present review, we discussed how distant hybridization is an important way to form new species by overcoming reproductive barriers and summarized effective measures to overcome reproductive barriers in order to create fertile lineages of fish distant hybridization. In addition, we described the utilization of the fish lineages derived from distant hybridization. Finally, we discussed the relationship between distant hybridization and Mendel’s laws, which generally apply to the inbred hybridization. We aim to provide a comprehensive reference for the establishment of fertile fish lineages by overcoming reproductive barriers and to emphasize the significance of fish distant hybridization in the fields of evolutionary biology, reproductive biology, and genetic breeding.

Waddington’s Processual Epigenetics and the Debate over Cryptic Variability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Fabris
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Modern Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Assimilation ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
Epigenetic Process ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Acquired Characters

This chapter reappraises Waddington’s processual theory of epigenetics and examines its implications for contemporary evolutionary biology. It focuses in particular on the ontological difference between two conflicting assumptions that have been conflated in the recent debate over the nature of cryptic variability: a substance view that is consistent with the modern synthesis and construes variability as a preexisting pool of random genetic variation; and a processual view, which derives from Waddington’s conception of developmental canalization and understands variability as an epigenetic process. The chapter also discusses how these opposing interpretations fare in their capacity to explain the genetic assimilation of acquired characters.

scholarly journals The Rubisco small subunits in the green algal genus Chloromonas provide insights into evolutionary loss of the eukaryotic carbon-concentrating organelle, the pyrenoid

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Matsuzaki ◽  
Shigekatsu Suzuki ◽  
Haruyo Yamaguchi ◽  
Masanobu Kawachi ◽  
Yu Kanesaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
Algal Genus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Pyrenoids are protein microcompartments composed mainly of Rubisco that are localized in the chloroplasts of many photosynthetic organisms. Pyrenoids contribute to the CO2-concentrating mechanism. This organelle has been lost many times during algal/plant evolution, including with the origin of land plants. The molecular basis of the evolutionary loss of pyrenoids is a major topic in evolutionary biology. Recently, it was hypothesized that pyrenoid formation is controlled by the hydrophobicity of the two helices on the surface of the Rubisco small subunit (RBCS), but the relationship between hydrophobicity and pyrenoid loss during the evolution of closely related algal/plant lineages has not been examined. Here, we focused on, the Reticulata group of the unicellular green algal genus Chloromonas, within which pyrenoids are present in some species, although they are absent in the closely related species. Results Based on de novo transcriptome analysis and Sanger sequencing of cloned reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products, rbcS sequences were determined from 11 strains of two pyrenoid-lacking and three pyrenoid-containing species of the Reticulata group. We found that the hydrophobicity of the RBCS helices was roughly correlated with the presence or absence of pyrenoids within the Reticulata group and that a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the RBCS helices may have primarily caused pyrenoid loss during the evolution of this group. Conclusions Although we suggest that the observed correlation may only exist for the Reticulata group, this is still an interesting study that provides novel insight into a potential mechanism determining initial evolutionary steps of gain and loss of the pyrenoid.

scholarly journals Evolution and evolvability: celebrating Darwin 200

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F.Y Brookfield
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Evolutionary Change ◽  
Adaptive Mutation ◽  
Genetic Covariances ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The concept of ‘evolvability’ is increasingly coming to dominate considerations of evolutionary change. There are, however, a number of different interpretations that have been put on the idea of evolvability, differing in the time scales over which the concept is applied. For some, evolvability characterizes the potential for future adaptive mutation and evolution. Others use evolvability to capture the nature of genetic variation as it exists in populations, particularly in terms of the genetic covariances between traits. In the latter use of the term, the applicability of the idea of evolvability as a measure of population's capacity to respond to natural selection rests on one, but not the only, view of the way in which we should envisage the process of natural selection. Perhaps the most potentially confusing aspects of the concept of evolvability are seen in the relationship between evolvability and robustness.

Cleistes pallida (Orchidaceae Vanilloideae): a new species from South Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 349 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
LUÍS ADRIANO FUNEZ ◽  
EMERSON RICARDO PANSARIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A New Species ◽  
South Brazil

Cleistes pallida, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated. The relationship of this new species to other taxa of the genus are discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular support for the recognition of the Mycoblastus fucatus group as the new genus Violella (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales)

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby SPRIBILLE ◽  
Bernard GOFFINET ◽  
Barbara KLUG ◽  
Lucia MUGGIA ◽  
Walter OBERMAYER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe crustose lichen genus Mycoblastus in the Northern Hemisphere includes eight recognized species sharing large, simple ascospores produced 1–2 per ascus in strongly pigmented biatorine apothecia. The monophyly of Mycoblastus and the relationship of its various species to Tephromelataceae have never been studied in detail. Data from ITS rDNA and the genes coding for translation elongation factor 1-α and DNA replication licensing factor mini-chromosome maintenance complex 7 support the distinctness of Mycoblastus s. str. from the core of the Tephromelataceae, but recover M. fucatus and an undescribed Asian species as strongly supported within the latter group. We propose accommodating these two species in a new genus, Violella, which is characterized by its brownish inner ascospore walls, Fucatus-violet hymenial pigment granules and secondary chemistry, and discuss the position of Violella relative to Calvitimela and Tephromela. We describe the new species Violella wangii T. Sprib. & Goffinet to accommodate a new species with roccellic acid from Bhutan, China, India and the Russian Far East. We also exclude Mycoblastus indicus Awasthi & Agarwal from the genus Mycoblastus and propose for it the new combination Malmidea indica (Awasthi & Agarwal) Hafellner & T. Sprib.

Genetic variation and relationship of ultrasonic measures and carcass composition in Suffolk cross lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
V.C. Flamarique ◽  
R.M. Lewis ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Excess fat in lamb is regarded as an important reason for less lamb meat being purchased by consumers. This has encouraged the development and use (particularly in Terminal Sire breeds) of selection indices that can identify animals that will sire leaner progeny. These indices usually include live weight and in vivo predictors of body composition, such as an ultrasonic measurement of muscle and fat depth, as selection criteria (Simm and Dingwall, 1989). But the usefulness of such in vivo measurements as predictors of carcass composition depends on the correlation between, and the variation in, live and carcass measures. The objectives of this study were to determine the strength of the relationship between ultrasound and dissection measures of carcass composition, and the degree of genetic variation in these measures, in crossbred progeny of Suffolk rams.

A new species of Terminalichus (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) from Thailand, with a key to the known species 

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Elizeu B. Castro ◽  
Ronald Ochoa ◽  
Reinaldo J.F. Feres
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Terminalichus simplex sp. nov., is described based on adult females, deutonymphs and protonymphs, collected on Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) from Thailand. The relationship of Terminalichus with other brevipalpine genera is discussed and a key to species of Terminalichus, Tenuilichus, Amblypalpus, Colopalpus and Priscapalpus is provided.  

Significant population genetic structure detected for a new and highly restricted species of Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) from Western Australia, and implications for conservation management

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence J. Clarke ◽  
Duncan I. Jardine ◽  
Margaret Byrne ◽  
Kelly Shepherd ◽  
Andrew J. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Two Populations

Atriplex sp. Yeelirrie Station (L. Trotter & A. Douglas LCH 25025) is a highly restricted, potentially new species of saltbush, known from only two sites ~30 km apart in central Western Australia. Knowledge of genetic structure within the species is required to inform conservation strategies as both populations occur within a palaeovalley that contains significant near-surface uranium mineralisation. We investigate the structure of genetic variation within populations and subpopulations of this taxon using nuclear microsatellites. Internal transcribed spacer sequence data places this new taxon within a clade of polyploid Atriplex species, and the maximum number of alleles per locus suggests it is hexaploid. The two populations possessed similar levels of genetic diversity, but exhibited a surprising level of genetic differentiation given their proximity. Significant isolation by distance over scales of less than 5 km suggests dispersal is highly restricted. In addition, the proportion of variation between the populations (12%) is similar to that among A. nummularia populations sampled at a continent-wide scale (several thousand kilometres), and only marginally less than that between distinct A. nummularia subspecies. Additional work is required to further clarify the exact taxonomic status of the two populations. We propose management recommendations for this potentially new species in light of its highly structured genetic variation.

Studying how genetic variants affect mechanism in biological systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-582
Author(s):  
Francesco Raimondi ◽  
Robert B. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
The Relationship

Genetic variants are currently a major component of system-wide investigations into biological function or disease. Approaches to select variants (often out of thousands of candidates) that are responsible for a particular phenomenon have many clinical applications and can help illuminate differences between individuals. Selecting meaningful variants is greatly aided by integration with information about molecular mechanism, whether known from protein structures or interactions or biological pathways. In this review we discuss the nature of genetic variants, and recent studies highlighting what is currently known about the relationship between genetic variation, biomolecular function, and disease.

Serum C reactive protein levels and genetic variation in the CRP gene are not associated with the prevalence, incidence or progression of osteoarthritis independent of body mass index

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1976-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke J M Kerkhof ◽  
Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra ◽  
Martha C Castano-Betancourt ◽  
Moniek P de Maat ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Crp ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels, genetic variation in the CRP gene and the prevalence, incidence and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) in the Rotterdam Study-I (RS-I). A systematic review of studies assessing the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and CRP levels was also performed.MethodsThe association between CRP levels and genetic variation in the CRP gene and ROA was examined in 861 patients with hand OA, 718 with knee OA, 349 with hip OA and 2806 controls in the RS-I using one-way analysis of covariance and logistic regression, respectively. PubMed was searched for articles published between January 1992 and August 2009 assessing the relationship between CRP levels and OA.ResultsIn RS-I the prevalence of knee OA, but not hip OA or hand OA, was associated with 14% higher serum CRP levels compared with controls (p=0.001). This association disappeared after adjustment for age and especially body mass index (BMI) (p=0.33). Genetic variation of the CRP gene was not consistently associated with the prevalence, incidence or progression of OA within RS-I. The systematic review included 18 studies (including RS-I) on serum CRP levels and the prevalence, incidence or progression of OA. Consistently higher crude CRP levels were found in cases of prevalent knee OA compared with controls. No association was observed between serum CRP levels and the prevalence of knee OA following adjustment for BMI (n=3 studies, meta-analysis p value=0.61).ConclusionThere is no evidence of association between serum CRP levels or genetic variation in the CRP gene with the prevalence, incidence or progression of OA independent of BMI.

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