The method for determining the altitudes of atmospheric layers with strong turbulence

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Turbulence

BER performance analysis of FSO using hybrid-SIM technique with APD receiver over weak and strong turbulence channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Kumar Giri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Error Performance ◽  
Strong Turbulence ◽  
Meijer G Function ◽  
Hermite Approximation ◽  
Ber Performance ◽  
Better Than

Abstract In this paper, a hybrid-subcarrier-intensity-modulation (hybrid-SIM) technique for the performance improvement of free-space-optical (FSO) communication system has been proposed. Subsequently, for further error performance improvement, avalanche photodiode (APD) based receiver is used in the proposed system. The system performance is analyzed at various atmospheric turbulence levels over weak and strong turbulence channels. The bit error rate (BER) is theoretically derived using Gauss–Hermite approximation and Meijer-G function and it is simulated in the MATLAB environment. The simulation result shows that the BER performance of hybrid-SIM is better than BPSK-SIM technique irrespective of the channel types and also the significant BER performance improvement is observed by APD receiver.

Strong turbulence accelerates sediment nitrification-denitrification for nitrogen loss in shallow lakes

2020 ◽  
pp. 143210
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Wenqing Shi ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Jianghua Yu ◽  
Lingwei Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Strong Turbulence

Iterative approach to strong turbulence theory

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Knorr ◽  
Michael Mond
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Theory ◽  
Iterative Approach ◽  
Strong Turbulence

Saturation of optical scintillation by strong turbulence*

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Clifford ◽  
G. R. Ochs ◽  
R. S. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Strong Turbulence ◽  
Optical Scintillation

Block Error Performance of PAM or PPM SIMO FSO Links over Strong Turbulence Channels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Androutsos ◽  
H. E. Nistazakis ◽  
A. N. Stassinakis ◽  
E. V. Chatzikontis ◽  
A. D. Tsigopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Performance ◽  
Strong Turbulence

scholarly journals Effect of interchange instability on magnetic reconnection

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lyatsky ◽  
M. L. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Buoyancy Force ◽  
Strong Turbulence ◽  
Polarization Electric Field ◽  
Interchange Instability ◽  
Reconnection Layer ◽  
Fast Reconnection

Abstract. We present here the results of a study of interacting magnetic fields that involves a force normal to the reconnection layer. In the presence of such force, the reconnection layer becomes unstable to interchange disturbances. The interchange instability results in formation of tongues of heated plasma that leaves the reconnection layer through its wide surface rather than through its narrow ends, as is the case in traditional magnetic reconnection models. This plasma flow out of the reconnection layer facilitates the removal of plasma from the layer and leads to fast reconnection. The proposed mechanism provides fast reconnection of interacting magnetic fields and does not depend on the thickness of the reconnection layer. This instability explains the strong turbulence and bidirectional streaming of plasma that is directed toward and away from the reconnection layer that is observed frequently above reconnection layers. The force normal to the reconnection layer also accelerates the removal of plasma islands appearing in the reconnection layer during turbulent reconnection. In the presence of this force normal to the reconnection layer, these islands are removed from the reconnection layer by the "buoyancy force", as happens in the case of interchange instability that arises due to the polarization electric field generated at the boundaries of the islands.

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