Effects of calcium concentration on up-flow multistage anaerobic reactor performance in treating bagasse spraying wastewater

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 4254-4269
Author(s):  
Jinghong Zhou ◽  
Xiaona Shang ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Cancan Zhu ◽  
Shuangfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor

Bagasse spraying wastewater (BSW) is a source of organic pollutants during bagasse processing. In this study, the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of BSW under different calcium concentrations (60 to 2400 mg/L) was studied. The experiment was performed in a lab-scale up-flow multistage anaerobic reactor (UMAR) inoculated with granular sludge, and operated for 160 days at a constant organic loading rate of 6 kg COD/(m3·d). Treatment of BSW with 60 to 800 mg Ca2+/L resulted in 80.7 to 82.7% of COD removal, 161 to 232.7 mg COD/L of volatile fatty acid (VFA) yield, 0.56 to 0.79 m3/(kgCOD·d) of biogas production rate, and 2.4 to 2.66 m3/(m3·d) of volume loading rate (VLR). The pH remained within the optimal range for anaerobic digestion (adjust to pH = 6.8 to 7.0). The VFAs were composed of 77 to 85% acetic acid, 8.4 to 13.2% butyric acid, and 6.6 to 9.6% propionic acid. At higher influent calcium concentrations (> 800 mg/L), the hydrolysis process appeared to be inhibited, affecting the anaerobic digestion performance of the reactor. In particular, the COD removal efficiency decreased to 55.5%, and the VFA content in the effluent significantly increased due to the lower pH. Microbial community analysis showed that at the end of anaerobic digestion, the Syntrophobacter disappeared, and Clostridium and Anerolineaceae were the main genus and family, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that low calcium (< 300 mg/L) had a positive effect on the UMAR performance.

Anaerobic Treatment of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastewater from Lab to Full Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
M. D. Hidalgo ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
P. A. García Encina
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Start Up

In the last decade Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) production is growing. The wastewater of the “Catalana de Polimers” factory in Barcelona (Spain) has two main streams of similar flow rate, esterification (COD=30,000 mg/l) and textile (COD=4000 mg/l). In order to assess the anaerobic treatment viability, discontinuous and continuous experiments were carried out. Discontinuous biodegradability tests indicated that anaerobic biodegradability was 90 and 75% for esterification and textile wastewater. The textile stream revealed some tendency to foam formation and inhibitory effects. Nutrients, micronutrients and alkali limitations and dosage were determined. A continuous lab-scale UASB reactor was able to treat a mixture of 50% (v) esterification/textile wastewater with stable behaviour at organic loading rate larger than 12 g COD/l.d (0.3 g COD/g VSS.d) with COD removal efficiency greater than 90%. The start-up period was very short and the recuperation after overloading accidents was quite fast, in spite of the wash-out of solids. From the laboratory information an industrial treatment plant was designed and built, during the start-up period COD removal efficiencies larger than 90% and organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/kg VSS.d (5 kg COD/m3.d) have been reached.

scholarly journals Adjusting Organic Load as a Strategy to Direct Single-Stage Food Waste Fermentation from Anaerobic Digestion to Chain Elongation

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Vicky De Groof ◽  
Marta Coma ◽  
Tom C. Arnot ◽  
David J. Leak ◽  
Ana B. Lanham
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Operating Strategy

Production of medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) as renewable feedstock bio-chemicals, from food waste (FW), requires complicated reactor configurations and supplementation of chemicals to achieve product selectivity. This study evaluated the manipulation of organic loading rate in an un-supplemented, single stage stirred tank reactor to steer an anaerobic digestion (AD) microbiome towards acidogenic fermentation (AF), and thence to chain elongation. Increasing substrate availability by switching to a FW feedstock with a higher COD stimulated chain elongation. The MCCA species n-caproic (10.1 ± 1.7 g L−1) and n-caprylic (2.9 ± 0.8 g L−1) acid were produced at concentrations comparable to more complex reactor set-ups. As a result, of the adjusted operating strategy, a more specialised microbiome developed containing several MCCA-producing bacteria, lactic acid-producing Olsenella spp. and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. By contrast, in an AD reactor that was operated in parallel to produce biogas, the retention times had to be doubled when fed with the high-COD FW to maintain biogas production. The AD microbiome comprised a diverse mixture of hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria, and acetoclastic methanogens. The results suggest that manipulation of organic loading rate and food-to-microorganism ratio may be used as an operating strategy to direct an AD microbiome towards AF, and to stimulate chain elongation in FW fermentation, using a simple, un-supplemented stirred tank set-up. This outcome provides the opportunity to repurpose existing AD assets operating on food waste for biogas production, to produce potentially higher value MCCA products, via simple manipulation of the feeding strategy.

Start-up and steady-state results of a full-scale UASB reactor treating malting wastewater

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Borzacconi ◽  
I. López ◽  
M. Passeggi
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoon

An Imhoff tank was reconstructed into a 250 m3 UASB reactor in order to treat a malting plant wastewater. The UASB was inoculated with sludge from an anaerobic lagoon used for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. After two months of operation the reactor achieved full load with an HRT of 17 h, a COD removal higher than 80% and a biogas production of 300 m3/day (77% average methane content), with an organic loading rate of 3.6 kgCOD/m3.d (0.24 kgCOD/kgVSS.d). A yield coefficient of 0.09 gVSS/gCODrem was found from a mass balance. The fat present in the inoculated sludge (48 mg/gSSV) did not affect the start up performance. Sludge from the inoculum with high content of fat (270 mg/gSSV), was separated by flotation in the first week of operation. The COD removal efficiency was scarcely influenced by the reactor operation temperature (17–25 °C).

scholarly journals Assessment of multiple anaerobic co-digestions and related microbial community of molasses with rice alcohol wastewater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Khan ◽  
Fuzhi Lu ◽  
Qiong Jiang ◽  
Chengjian Jiang ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Archaeal Communities

Abstract Background Molasses is a highly dense and refined byproduct produced in the sugarcane industry, and it contains high amounts of degradable compounds. These compounds can potentially be converted into renewable products biologically. However, the involved biological process is negatively influenced by the high chemical oxygen demand (COD) of molasses and its high ion concentration, although this problem is commonly addressed by dilutions. Results The co-digestion of molasses with rice alcohol waste water (RAW) was compared with its mono-digestion at an increasing organic loading rate (OLR). Both processes were assessed by detecting the COD removal rate, the methane contents of biogas, and the structure and composition of microbial communities at different stages. Results showed that the co-digestion is stable up to a maximum OLR of 16 g COD L− 1d− 1. By contrast, after the acclimatization phase, the mono-digestion process was upset twice, which occurred at a maximum OLR of 9 and 10 g COD L− 1d− 1. The co-digestion procgess demonstrated consistency in terms of COD removal rates (86.36% ± 0.99–90.72% ± 0.63%) and methane contents (58.10% ± 1.12–64.47% ± 0.59%) compared with the mono-digestion process. Microbial community analysis showed that the relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal communities differs between the processes at different stages. However, in both processes, Propionibacteriaceae was the most abundant family in the bacterial communities, whereas Methanosaetaceae was abundant in the archaeal communities. Conclusion Rice alcohol wastewater could be a good co-substrate for anaerobic digestion of molasses. Integrate molasses into progressive biogas production at high OLR.

scholarly journals Performance of AnMBR in Treatment of Post-consumer Food Waste: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate on Biogas Production and Membrane Fouling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javkhlan Ariunbaatar ◽  
Robert Bair ◽  
Onur Ozcan ◽  
Harish Ravishankar ◽  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) is typically limited to large reactors due to high hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Technologies such as anaerobic membrane reactors (AnMBRs) can perform anaerobic digestion at lower HRTs while maintaining high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. This study evaluated the effect of HRT and organic loading rate (OLR) on the stability and performance of a side-stream AnMBR in treating diluted fresh food waste (FW). The reactor was fed with synthetic FW at an influent concentration of 8.24 (± 0.12) g COD/L. The OLR was increased by reducing the HRT from 20 to 1 d. The AnMBR obtained an overall removal efficiency of &gt;97 and &gt;98% of the influent COD and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively, throughout the course of operation. The biological process was able to convert 76% of the influent COD into biogas with 70% methane content, while the cake layer formed on the membrane gave an additional COD removal of 7%. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were found to be higher in the bioreactor than in the influent, and average overall removal efficiencies of 17.3 (± 5) and 61.5 (± 3)% of TAN and TN, respectively, were observed with respect to the bioreactor concentrations after 2 weeks. Total phosphorus (TP) had an average removal efficiency of 40.39 (± 5)% with respect to the influent. Membrane fouling was observed when the HRT was decreased from 7 to 5 d and was alleviated through backwashing. This study suggests that the side-stream AnMBR can be used to successfully reduce the typical HRT of wet anaerobic food waste (solids content 7%) digesters from 20 days to 1 day, while maintaining a high COD removal efficiency and biogas production.

The efficacy of ozone as a pre- and post-treatment option for UASB-treated food processing wastewaters

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.O. Sigge ◽  
T.J. Britz ◽  
P.C. Fourie ◽  
C.A. Barnardt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Cod Reduction

The efficiency of ozone as a pre- and post-treatment to UASB treatment was investigated, followed by a study into UASB reactor performance with ozonated wastewater as substrate. Combinations of pre- and/or post-ozonation with UASB treatment gave better results than ozonation or UASB alone and COD reductions of 53.0–98.9% were achieved for treatment of canning and winery wastewaters. A UASB reactor was fed with pre-ozonated cannery wastewater for over 70 d. COD removal improved from between 58.8 and 64.4% to between 85.3 and 91.8% after pre-ozonated substrate feed commenced. Subsequent increases in organic loading rate (OLR) from 2.4 to 3.4 kgCOD m−3.d−1 did not affect reactor performance. By including a final post-ozonation treatment to this UASB effluent a total COD reduction of 99.2% was achieved.

Anaerobic digestion of Jatropha curcas L. press cake and effects of an iron-additive

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
The Stability

Oil production from Jatropha curcas L. seeds generates large amounts of Jatropha press cake (JPC) which can be utilized as a substrate for biogas production. The objective of this work was to investigate anaerobic mono-digestion of JPC and the effects of an iron additive (IA) on gas quality and process stability during the increase of the organic loading rate (OLR). With the increase of the OLR from 1.3 to 3.2 gVS L−1 day−1, the biogas yield in the reference reactor (RR) without IA decreased from 512 to 194 LN kgVS−1 and the CH4 concentration decreased from 69.3 to 44.4%. In the iron additive reactor (IAR), the biogas yield decreased from 530 to 462 LN kgVS−1 and the CH4 concentration decreased from 69.4 to 61.1%. The H2S concentration in the biogas was reduced by addition of the IA to values below 258 ppm in the IAR while H2S concentration in the RR increased and exceeded the detection limit of 5000 ppm. The acid capacity (AC) in the RR increased to more than 20 g L−1, indicating an accumulation of organic acids caused by process instability. AC values in the IAR remained stable at values below 5 g L−1. The results demonstrate that JPC can be used as sole substrate for anaerobic digestion up to an OLR of 2.4 gVS l−1 day−1. The addition of IA has effectively decreased the H2S content in the biogas and has improved the stability of the anaerobic process and the biogas quality.

scholarly journals Sustainable Bio-methane generation from Petrochemical Wastewater using CSTR

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Md. Nurul Islam Siddique ◽  
Zularisham A. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Petrochemical Wastewater ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Thermophilic Condition

The effect of gradual increase in organic loading rate (0LR) and temperature on biomethanation from petrochemical wastewater treatment was investigated using CSTR. The digester performance measured at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of4 to 2d, and start up procedure of the reactor was monitoredfor 60 days via chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, biogas and methane production. By enhancing the temperature from 30 to 55 “C Thermophilic condition was attained, and pH was adjusted at 7 i 0.5. Supreme COD removal competence was 98i0.5% (r = 0.84) at an 0LR of 7.5 g-COD/Ld and 4d HRT. Biogas and methane yield were logged to an extreme of 0.80 L/g-CODremoved d (r = 0.81), 0.60 L/g-CODremoved d (r = 0.83), and mean methane content of biogas was 65.49%. The full acclimatization was established at 55 C with high COD removal efficiency and biogas production. An 0LR of 7.5 g-COD/L d and HRT of 4 days were apposite forpetrochemical wastewater treatment.

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