Legal change for child health: Report on a conference

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Henry M. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Conference Participant ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

"Physically and politically powerless, children have always gotten the short end of the stick. In earlier times, the surplus, especially females, were legally and deliberately killed; in the Middle Ages and until recently children were chattels; in Dickensian England they starved in workhouses or were exploited as beggars a la Oliver Twist...." Louise Raggio, Conference Participant The building Frank Lloyd Wright called Wingspread served as the setting for a discussion concerning the relationship of the health of the young to their legal needs and the role of the pediatrician in these regards. Men and women from medicine, the law, and social work shared their points of view, seeking a firm definition of advocacy for children, attempting to highlight some manageable priorities among the legal needs so that pediatricians might move to a partnership with others in the community which might facilitate access to a better life for all children and youth.

Shin Buddhism and Gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-183
Author(s):  
Simone Heidegger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Shin Buddhism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Jodo Shinshu

In the two main branches of Jōdo Shinshū (or Shin Buddhism), the Ōtani-ha and the Honganji-ha, a movement toward gender equality emerged in the 1980s. This movement and its development have brought about internal discussions on discrimination against women and an increasing awareness of gender issues, as well as concrete reforms of institutional laws. In the Ōtani-ha, a ruling that explicitly excluded women from becoming temple chief priests (jūshoku) led to protests and petitions by the association of chief priests’ wives and resulted in the establishment of the “Women’s Association to Consider Gender Discrimination in the Ōtani-ha.” Although the Honganji-ha has formally accepted female chief priests since 1946, the definition of the role of the bōmori (lit. temple guardian) as the temple chief priest’s wife suggested hierarchical gender roles, which also stimulated demands for reforms. This article shows the forms of gender discrimination which have been the focus of debates and discussions. Here, I present the reforms and changes that have been achieved over the past few decades and examine the reasons and influences that were instrumental during this process. In this context, I analyze the arguments used by both the reform-oriented and the conservative sides of the issue, and I also explore the relationship of this gender discrimination discourse to earlier Shin Buddhist social developments, such as internal reform movements and efforts to combat discrimination against burakumin.

scholarly journals Polyfunctionality of Justice: Reality or Legal Reality Interpretation?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Петр Серков ◽  
Pyetr Syerkov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the article contains the analysis of such fundamental concepts as the judicial system and legal proceedings, which are the elements of justice as a whole. The article consists of three parts, which are containing the deductive analysis of the institutional structure of justice. In the first part of present article the interaction of the institutions of the judicial system and legal proceedings, the dynamics of institutional and functional changes, as well as evaluation of these changes were disclosed. Further the author examines every aspect of justice. Thus, in the second part of the paper the judiciary, as constitutional guarantees of fair justice, were studied. Also the judicial system and its components were analyzed by the author. The third part of the article focuses on the second element of justice — judicial proceedings. In this part of the work the author discloses the two components of judicial proceedings: judicial proceedings as a consequence of the conflict and judicial proceedings as a material expression of fairness in a particular conflict. The author defines the definition of the term "judicial proceedings" and provides its analysis from the different points of view, reveals the essence of the judicial proceedings. Also the fundamental functions and principles of justice were presented and examined in present article. In this part the author addresses the question of the relationship of the specialization of courts with the function of justice and of the relation of judicial proceedings and justice.

Entrepreneurial Action and Intention: The Role of Entrepreneurial Mindset, Emotional Intelligence, and Grit

2021 ◽  
pp. 251512742199252
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kwapisz ◽  
William J. Schell ◽  
Kregg Aytes ◽  
Scott Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Engineering Student ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing students’ entrepreneurial mindset (EM) is one of the main goals of entrepreneurship education, which is increasingly taught across multiple disciplines. One challenge in EM education is finding an effective measure. In this work, we investigate the Engineering Student Entrepreneurial Mindset Assessment (ESEMA), which intends to measure a broad definition of EM. This paper compares the constructs of the ESEMA to those found in related measures of traits and attitudes using a sample that includes engineering students, business students, and practicing entrepreneurs. In addition to validating the instrument constructs, we explore the relationship between the ESEMA factors and measures of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Grit. Our study confirms that the ESEMA survey loads into the six expected factors. We discover that ESEMA-Empathy and EI-Others’ Emotion Appraisal as well as EI-Use of Emotion and Grit-Perseverance are similar constructs. Additionally, our results show EM-Ideation, EM-Interest, and EI-Use of Emotion to consistently and positively relate to entrepreneurial action and intention while EM-Open Mindedness relates negatively. Overall, our study provides a better understanding of how we can measure students’ entrepreneurial mindset, differences in mindsets across disciplines and between students and practicing entrepreneurs, and the relationship of the constructs measured and entrepreneurial actions and intentions.

Custom in the Islamic Legal Tradition

2015 ◽  
pp. 230-248
Author(s):  
Ayman Shabana
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article offers a survey of modern scholarship on the role of custom in the Islamic legal tradition. It begins with a definition of the concept of custom and also the relationship between the two Arabic terms used for custom, ‘urf and ‘ada. The relationship of custom to other terms such as sunna, ‘amal, and istihsan is also explored. The second, and main, part of the article traces the different approaches to the study of custom in Islamic legal studies and examines the development of these approaches. Four themes or debates are identified as the main contexts within which custom has been discussed: the origins of the Sunna of the Prophet and the early development of Islamic law; relationship between theory and practice; sources of Islamic law; and legal change. The article concludes with a summary and suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Epistemic Tools and Epistemic Agents in Scientonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 63-89
Author(s):  
Paul Patton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Object ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
Epistemic Agent ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epistemic Stances

The only subtype of epistemic agent currently recognized within scientonomy is community. The place of both individuals and epistemic tools in the scientonomic ontology is yet to be clarified. This paper extends the scientonomic ontology to include epistemic agents and epistemic tools as well as their relationship to one another. Epistemic agent is defined as an agent capable of taking epistemic stances towards epistemic elements. These stances must be taken intentionally, that is, based on a semantic understanding of the epistemic element in question and its available alternatives, with reason, and for the purpose of acquiring knowledge. I argue that there can be both communal and individual epistemic agents. Epistemic agents are linked by relationships of authority delegation based on their differing areas of expertise. Having established the role of epistemic agents in the process of scientific change, I then turn to the role of epistemic tools, such as a thermometer, a text, or a particle accelerator in epistemic activities. I argue that epistemic tools play a different role in scientific change than do epistemic agents. This role is specified by an agent’s employed method. A physical object or system is an epistemic tool for some epistemic agent if there is a procedure by which the tool can provide an acceptable source of knowledge for answering some question under the employed method of the agent. An agent is said to rely on such a tool. Suggested Modifications [Sciento-2019-0014]: Accept the following definition of epistemic agent: Epsitemic Agent ≡ an agent capable of taking epistemic stances towards epistemic elements. [Sciento-2019-0015]: Accept that there are two types of epistemic agents – individual and communal. Also accept the following question as a legitimate topic of scientonomic inquiry: Applicability of the Laws of Scientific Change to Individuals: do the scientonomic laws apply to individual epistemic agents? [Sciento-2019-0016]: Accept the term epistemic tool, with the following definition: Epistemic Tool ≡ a physical object or system is an epistemic tool for an epistemic agent, when there is a procedure by which the tool can provide an acceptable source of knowledge for answering some question under the employed method of that agent. [Sciento-2019-0017]: Accept the following definition of authority delegation, which generalizes the currently accepted definition to apply to all epistemic agents: Authority Delegation ≡ epistemic agent A is said to be delegating authority over question x to epistemic agent B iff (1) agent A accepts that agent B is an expert on question x and (2) agent A will accept a theory answering question x if agent B says so. Also accept the following redefinitions of subtypes of authority delegation, including mutual authority delegation, one-sided authority delegation, singular authority delegation, multiple authority delegation, hierarchical authority delegation, and non-hierarchical authority delegation: Mutual Authority Delegation ≡ epistemic agents A and B are said to be in a relationship of mutual authority delegation iff A delegates authority over question x to B, and B delegates authority over question y to A. One-Sided Authority Delegation ≡ epistemic agents A and B are said to be in a relationship of one-sided authority delegation iff A delegates authority over question x to B, but B doesn’t delegate any authority to A. Singular Authority Delegation ≡ epistemic agent A is said to engage in a relationship of singular authority delegation over question x iff A delegates authority over question x to exactly one epistemic agent. Multiple Authority Delegation ≡ epistemic agent A is said to engage in a relationship of multiple authority delegation over question x iff A delegates authority over question x to more than one epistemic agents. Hierarchical Authority Delegation ≡ a sub-type of multiple authority delegation where different epistemic agents are delegated different degrees of authority over question x. Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation ≡ a sub-type of multiple authority delegation where different epistemic agents are delegated the same degree of authority over question x. [Sciento-2019-0018]: Accept the relationship of tool reliance can obtain between epistemic agents and epistemic tools. Accept the following definition of tool reliance: Tool Reliance ≡ an epistemic agent is said to rely on an epistemic tool when there is a procedure through which the tool can provide an acceptable source of knowledge for answering some question under the employed method of that agent.

scholarly journals The Role of the Bible in the Formation of Philosophical Thought in Kievan Rus’ (as Exemplified by Ilarion of Kiev, Kliment Smolatič, and Kirill of Turov)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Justyna Kroczak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Family ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is an attempt to critically evaluate the manifestations of the philosophical culture sprouting in Rus’. With the baptism in the Byzantine Rite, Rus’ in the 10th century joined the family of Christian nations and defined the future direction of her own cultural development. The Middle Ages in Rus’ were eminently theocentric. Literature (which was mostly translated from the Greek in Bulgarian monasteries) had a religious character. Sacral content, assimilated in Rus’ mainly through the Old Church Slavonic (due to the scarce knowledge of Greek) had a decisive influence on formation of the philosophical worldview of Rus’ intellectual elite. The Bible thus became the main reference framework for the first Rus’ thinkers-philosophers: Ilarion of Kiev († 1055), Kirill of Turov († 1183) and Kliment Smolatič († 1164). Ilarion of Kiev, the first metropolitan of the Kievan Rus’ in his rhetoric work (which postulated the superiority of the New Testament to the Old) expressed a philosophical thesis of the equality of all Christian nations before God. Kliment Smolatič, the second metropolitan of Rus’, in his Letter to Presbyter Foma, defended the allegorical method of interpretating the Bible. Kirill of Turov, in his turn, in his Parable of the human soul and body allegorically tried to answer the question about the relationship of the body and the soul. For the Rus’ thinkers the content of the Bible served as a pretext for philosophical reflection, e.g. on the role of man in the universe, on the nature of reality, on the relation between matter and spirit. In their works we find the beginnings of the theory of knowledge, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics.

State Anti-Bullying Statutes and Student Speech

2015 ◽  
pp. 359-589
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Student Speech ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter highlights the role of state anti-bullying statutes in censorship of student off-campus speech. It examines the details of a representative and comprehensive anti-bullying statute – the New Jersey anti-bullying law. This chapter also explores the definition of harassment, intimidation and bullying under the anti-bullying statute. It discusses the various responsibilities under the law for regulating harassing, intimidating and bullying speech and conduct. It then discusses the relationship of the law to off-campus speech.

scholarly journals Humanism, Humanitarian Values and the Search for the Foundations of Modern Bioethics

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
V. I. Przhilenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Value System ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Humanitarian Values ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the relationship of the axiological foundations of modern bioethics with casual and even incidental effects of the activity of scholars in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The author examine the ability of humanists to influence the formation of values system as well as the possibility of instrumentalizing these values in social practices. The study determines the entire causal complex that led to the formation of a special tradition of non-religious substantiation of values associated with the teaching and study of ancient languages in the context of the functioning of political and legal institutions and cultural and historical traditions of European states. The author considers the origins and meaning of humanism and the gradual change of its content as well as the transformation of humanistic experience into a tool of constructing ideals and values and an element of social technology. A special place is given to the analysis of attempts to form meta-ethics and bioethics within the framework of the value system of post-Soviet Russian society and the role of humanistic ideas in this process. On the example of the development of modern European philosophical thought, the controversial and problematic nature of various interpretations of humanism is shown, and the thesis of the historical conditionality of the ideals of humanism and its connection with some certain paradigms of metaphysic is confirmed. The central theme of the article is the problem of the relationship between the historical and conceptual, conditional and unconditional, contextual and universal in the heritage of the late medieval humanism. Technologization paths and contexts for the interpretation of humanistic ideas in modern Russia are outlined. The paper determines the ways of harmonization of humanitarian values and the system of their social and legal legitimation. On the example of the educational policy of higher education in recent decades, achievements and failures in the process of forming a new value system are analyzed. This value system could be used as a basis for legislative practice and state policy that would allow determining the basis of modern bioethics, which is of great importance for the development of Russian society and further improvement of the moral and legal foundations of its existence.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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